Philippine Educational System History, PDF

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Our Lady of Fatima University

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Philippine education History of Philippine education Education system Philippine history

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This document outlines the history of the Philippine educational system, covering various periods, from pre-colonial times to the present. It details the different aims, methodologies, and aspects of education during each period, including the Spanish and American eras, highlighting key events and figures.

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CHAPTER 9 History of the Philippine Educational System EDUCATIONAL AIM For survival and conformity For encultration (1-2) TRAINING Theoretical, moral and spritual awakening Domestic chores and pratical / occupational skills TEACHING METHODS Demonstration met...

CHAPTER 9 History of the Philippine Educational System EDUCATIONAL AIM For survival and conformity For encultration (1-2) TRAINING Theoretical, moral and spritual awakening Domestic chores and pratical / occupational skills TEACHING METHODS Demonstration method Observation and imitation Indoctrination TEACHING CONTENTS Broad, indefinite, and unwritten Unstructured or incidental (3-7) Effective Technology (Ceramic Industry – EVIDENCES 400BC) THAT FILIPINO HAD AN ELABORATE CIVILIZATION PRIOR TO WESTERN CONTACTS Predictive Sciences ( Preserved mummies in Central Cordillera Mountains) Art and Religion ( Petroglyphs – in Angono) Foreign Trade ( Full scale trading during Tang dynasty in 9th Century AD) Big Population center ( 20,000 population in Manila) Megalithic structure (Rice Terraces in Ifugao) Government ( Barangay) EDUCATION DURING SPANISH ERA EDUCATIONAL AIM The Royal decree 0f 1555 (8) Indoctrination of Christianity Imposition of Spanish Culture Promotion of Spanish langguage AGENCIES OR CONTENTS STUDIED / TRAINING Focused on CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE (simple cathechism) Three and a half century before Spanish government set up a school system Other subjects such as arithmetic, music, and arts and trades Rise of Parochial schools started in Cebu in 1565 (by Augustinians) The Parochial school concept was introduced (by Augustinians, Franciscans, Dominicans, and Jesuits) VISITAS (refers to first Parochial schools) Parochial school was established in the 19th Century Academic institutions were established Secondary Schools established such as 9 Colegios ( for boys) and 10 Beaterio ( for girls) FIRST COLEGIO – 11 Colegio de San Ignacio ( by Jesuits, 1589, Manila) Cologio de Santo Rosario 12 next bacame Colegio de Santo Tomas then Pontificial University of Santo Tomas Beaterio de Santa Isabel - (1632) oldest existing school for girls Beaterio de Santa Potenciana – ( 1594) 13 first beaterio for girls. Instititions established for higher learning - provide church wih centers of learning and the state with much needed judges and lawyers. Dictation TEACHING METHODS Memorization Moro-moro , cenaculo, and other theatrical performances THE MEDIA OF INSTRUCTION Spanish Latin TYPES OF EDUCATION Subject centered Teacher-dominated Authoritarianism Imposition of severe discipline OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION Royal Decree of 1863 - Uplifment of Philippine education (EDUCATION ACT 1863 BY MINISTER JOSE DELA CONCHA) oAttempt of the Spanish to establsih an overall public schools system. oNormal school attached to Escuela oComplete system of education oFree system of education oReorganization of school curriculum oBreaking 3 Century of church domination by letting the government handle the LINGUISTICS Produce first grammars and dictionary “ Arte y Regala de Lengua Tagala “ (Francisco Blancas de San Jose 1610, Printed: Tomas PinPin) “Arte y Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala” (Juan Quinones, 1581) (14-15) EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN ERA EDUCATIONAL AIM promote democratic ideals and way of life AGENCIES AND CONTENTS STUDIED Aguinaldo’s Republic under Revolutionary Government. The schools maintained ny spain for more than three centuries were closed and reopened on August 29,1898 by Secretary of the Interior. The Burgos Institute in Malolos and the Literary University of The Philippines were established. AGENCIES MALOLOS AND CONTENTS CONSTITUTION - STUDIED establish system of free and compulsory elementary education. Public and secular( manned by chaplains, US military officers, and Thomasites) – where trainging was done. University of the Philippines was founded (1908) SUBJECTS FOR STUDY Philippine Education was highly influence by the Philosophy of John Dewey (16) TEACHING METHOD Democratic may of teaching OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS OF AMERICAN TO PHILIPPINE EDUCATION Religious freedom was enforced Development of the intelligence, right attitudes and habits of children who were to become citizens of the future were emphasized. Citizens for adults become important Emphasis in Democratic ideal Guidance and consultancy LEGAL Treaty of Paris MANDATE (1898) 17 Put an abrupt end to the newly born republic. “BENEVOLENT POLICY OF ASSIMILATION” -America assume full control and adminitration of the Philippine Affairs. -the study of newly acquired territory SCHURMAN COMISSION -the study of newly acquired territory Taft Commission (1900) (March 1900) Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction was created Captain Albert Todd – general superintendent of schools Educational Act of 1901 ( Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission -Establish a department of Public Instruction to oversee the operation of public schools. A. SECTIONS 1 to 13 – were meant to establish a highly centralized system B. SECTION 14 to 15 - importation of the American teachers C. SECTION 16 – seperation of church and state D. SECTION 17- created Philippine National school noe Philippine Normal University The Department of Public Instruction set up three level school system. FIRST LEVEL – four-year primary and three-year intermediate (seven-year elementary school) 16 SECOND LEVEL – four-year high school THIRD LEVEL – two-year junior college and later a four-year program (1925) Monroe Survey Commission -Headed by Paul Monroe -Evealuate the entire school system the American set up Act No. 3162 and 3196 Recommended: Educational Reforms Evaluation of teaching and learning 1927 the American Director of the Bureau of Education spelled out these aims of education: Training for self-government Provision of english as common langguage EDUCATION DURING THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1935- 1942) FUNDAMENTAL AIMS OF EDUACTION IN THE 1935 CONSTITUTIONS: 18 Develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and vocational efficiency. To teach the duties of citizenship AGENCY AND CONTENT TO STUDY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS (SECTARIAN AND NON-SECTARIAN) -training was done Curricular emphasis - Character education - Citizenship training LEGAL MANDATE EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 17 - By Pres. Manuel Quezon - Known as “Quezon Code of Ethics” - Foundation of the emerging philosophy of Philippine Education EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 134 (1936) -By Pres. Quezon 19 -Tagalog as National langguage EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 263 IN 1940 -Required the teaching of filipino langguage in the senior year of all high schools and in all years in the school. EDUCATION ACT OF 1940 (C.A 586) -Approved : August 7, 1940 Reduction of the 7-year elementary course to 6 years Fixing the school entrance age at 7 years Compulsory attendance of primary children enrolled in grade 1 National support for elementary education Adoption of double-single sessions in the primary grade with one tecaher one class assignment of intermediate tecahers. EDUCATION DURING THE JAPANESE ERA (1943-1945) Order No. 2 of Japan Imperial Forces(February 17, 1942) -Set up war-time educational objectives in the country To understand the position of the Philippines EDUCATIONAL AIM asa member of the East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere Eradication of old idea of reliance upon Western States (Paticularly the US and GREAT BRITAIN) Fostering new Filipino culture based on consciousness of people as ORIENTALS Love the Labor Promotion of Vocation Education or Diffusion of elementary education Emphasis on Japanese langguage and termination of use of English langguage in Schools AGENCIES AND CONTENT STUDIED Schools – place of training Opening of Vocational Scools Establishment of Agricultural Schools and Colleges. CURRICULAR CONTENT -Values rooted on love of labor 19 -Emphasizing vocational education -Use of Niponggo -Teaching of Physical education and singing Japanese song LEGAL MANDATE Proclamation No. 1 -Made the Philippines as a meber of the Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity sphere. -Informed people that the sovereingnty of the US over Philippines was over and the Martial LAW was to reign. EDUCATION DURING THE REPUBLIC (1945-1972) EDUCATIONAL AIMS Full realization of the democratic ideas and way of life. CHARACTERISTICS Democracy upon intrinsic worth of individual. Realize their capacities best in Social contacts Society is not seperated from the Individual Democracy thrives on change Fosters persuation and consensus and rejects coercion and indoctrination. CURRICULAR CONTENT Community development Traing for occupation Promotion of democratice nation building Social Orientation for the conservation of Filipino heritage LEGAL MANDATES R.A. 139 ( June 14,1947) - The Board of Textbooks R.A. 1079 ( June 15, 1954) - service eligibility of teachers R.A. 1124 ( June 16, 1954) 20 - Board of National education (BNE) formulate educational policies to give direction to Philippine Education 1955) - A daily Flag ceremony including the singing of the National Anthem. R.A 1425 (June 12, 1965) - Offerings in all schools, the life , the works and writings of Jose Rizal especially Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo shall be included in all - Elementary Education was Nationalized and Abolished matriculation fees R.A. 4670 ( June 18 1966) - Magna Carta for Public School Teachers Provitions: Recruitment qualification Code of professional conduct of teachers Maximum load six hours, 25% of regularremuneration for overtime ( maximum hour ng trabaho is 6 hours Sabbatical leave and after 7 years of continous teaching Salary increase upon retirement Freedom to form organization ( may rights sila mag create ng org or clubs na mageenhace ng non-academic skills ng bata) R.A. 5447 (1968) - Special Education Fund and Local school Board R.A. 6054 - Advocated by Dr. Pedro T. Orata - Rise of Barrio High school R.A. 6132 - Created by Ferdinand Marcos - Constitutional Convention Executive Order No. 202 (1969) By president Marcos EDUCATION DURING THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1986) EDUCATIONAL AIM P.D. 6-A (Educational decree of 1972) - one of the offshoots of PCSPE - issued by Onofre D. Corpuz - embodied into law the national development goals and the goals of the educational system geared towards their attainment. Following aims: Development of the high-level professions and evaluation Provision broad education enhance self actualization Manpower training in middle-level skills PROCALAMATION 1102 (January 17, 1973) -By President marcos -Announced the ratification of the 1973 constitution through a referendum of assemblies on January 10-15, 1973 AIMS OF EDUCATION IN 1973 CONSTITUTION Develop moral character, self discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency To foster love of country Teach duties of citizenship AIMS OF EDUCATION IN 1973 CONSTITUTION AGENCIES OR CONTENTS STUDIED Curricular changes in elementary education Focused on education Integration of values in all learning area Emphasis on mastery learning Curricualar changes in Secondary education Increase in time allotment Elective offerings as part of curriculum YDT and CAT introduced as new courses Elective offerings as part of curriculum MEDIA OF INSTRUCTION Bilingual Education Policy PROJECT IMPACT – Instructional EDUCATIONAL Mnagement by PROGRAMS INITIATED Parents, Community, and Teachers ISOSA – In School-Off school Approach CPS – Continous Progression Approach PRODED – Program for a Decentralized Educational Development NCEE – National College Entrance Examination 21 NEAT – National Elementary Assesment Test for NSAT – Nationl Secondary Assessment Test 22 LEGAL MANDATES PD No. 1 (September 24, 1972) -Integrated Reorganization Plan -Decentralization of department of education, Culture and sports PD 146 (March 9, 1973) -Nationl College Entrance Examination (NCEE) -Required all senior high school students to pass the NCEE as requirement for amission to any post- secondary academic or professional degree program for minimum of 4 years of study in any private or public college and university start on SY 1972 – 1973. PD 907 ( March 1976) -Tertiary honor students granted civil service DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 25 S. 1974 -Bilingual Education Program -Mandates the use of English and Filipino seperately as media of Instuction PD 1006 (September 22, 1976) -Teachers are considered professionals and teaching as profession upon passing the Professional Board Examination for teacher (PBET) 23 R.A. 7836 - mandates the Licensure Examination For Teachers to be administered the Professional Regulations commission (LET) 24 (EDUCATION ACT OF 1982) “ An Act providing for the estblishment and Maintenance of an Integrated System of Education” SECTION 29 -Quality education -Voluntray accreditaion for schools, colleges, or university to upgrade standards SECTIONS 16 AND 17 Obligations and responsibilities of teachers and administrators SECTION 41 Government financial assistance to private EDUCATIONT DURING THE PRESENT PERIOD EDUCATIONAL AIM To promote National development and values education EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND CURRICULAR REFORMS 1. Implementation of NESC FEATURES Fewer learning areas, emphasis on mastery learning Development of 3RS Development of intellectual skills which are as important as work skills Focus on the development of humanism and Filipinism in all learning areas 2. Implementation of SEDP FEATURES Uni-disciplinary treatment of curriculum content Concept-based subject areas Specific competencies Development of values 3. Implementation of the New Secondary Education Curriculum (NSEC) FEATURES Multi-disciplinary treatment of curriculum content Student centered Cognitive-affective manipulative based curriculum Values Education as a separate subject area Emphasis on Science and Technology Bilingual policy Critical thinking emphasized 4. NSEC offered values education as a separate subject and integrated in all subjects in both curricula 5. EDUCATION FOR ALL -Future Direction for the Philippines -By Presidential Proclamation 480 COMPONENTS ECCD – early Childhood Care and Development UQPE – Universal Quality of Primary Education EQI – Eradication of Illiteracy Alternative Learning Systems CE – Continuing Education Foster love of Humanity Respect for Human Rights Appreciation of our National heroes in the historical development of the country Teach rights and duties of citizenship Strengthen ethical and spiritual values Develop Moral character and personal discipline Scientific and technological R.A. 6850 (February 8, 1990) - granting of civil service eligibility to all government employees with the provisional or temporary status who have rendered a total of at least 7 years of efficient and dedicated service. Congressional Commission on Education -conduct educational survey RECOMMENDATIONS Break up of DECS into : Department of Basic Education (BSE) Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Technical-vocational reform Professionalization of teachers Establishment of Teacher Education Centers of Excellence (CENTREXES) 6. DECS order No. 6 s. 1988 -By Education Secretary Lourdes R. Quisumbing 25 -Strengthens the teaching of values in the NESC (SY. 1982-1983) and NSEC (1989- 1990) under the Program for Decentralized Educational Development (PRODED) and SEPD respectively. 7. R.A. 6655 ( May 26, 1988) -President Cory Aquino -Free public secondary education PROVISIONS: Less than 1500 pesos tuition fee supplement for students in private schools, vocational and technical courses. Textbook assistance Expansion of Educational Service Contracting Scheme College faculty development fund Voucher system of the Private Education Student Financial Assistance Program (PESFA) Scholarship for Valedictorians and salutatorians Tuition fee supplements in Private colleges and universities Educational Loan fund 8. Student Employment Law (R.A. 7323) (February 3, 1992) -Students who ages 15-25 may be employed during summer or Christmas vacation with a salary not lower than minimum wage. 9. (DURING THE TERM OF FIDEL V. RAMOS) The division of DECS into : CHED (R.A. 7722 , May 18, 1994) -function as Bureau of Higher Education TESDA ( R.A. 7796, August 25, 1994) -Absorbed The Bureau of Technical- Vocational Education and the National Manpower and Youth Council (NMYC) R.A. 7784 (August 4,1994) -Centers of Excellence in Teacher Education 2, 1994) -National College Entrance Examination 11. P.D. 1001 R.A. 7836 ( December 16, 1994) PROVISIONS: Board for professional teachers composed of 5 commissioners under PRC PBET to LET ( Licensure Examination For teachers) From CSC and DECS to Board of Professional teachers under PRC Article II of R.A. 7836 -Code of Ethical and Professional standards for professional teacher by 12. DECS’ Masterplan for Basic Education Realism of the Educational system Non-traditional means of ensuring that children stay in school Expanded the PTA into PTCA Social reform of the agenda ( improve 6 years completion in elementary schools) EFA – as fundamental and long term policy measure to bring about quality basic education. NEAP was established EFA’s philosophy and goals EFA emphasize creative and critical thinking RECOMMENDATIONS: Strengthening the foundation of Education The Priorities are the advancement of Early childhood Care and Development, expansion of pre- school services and 8 week Early childhood experiences in Grade 1 scheme. Improving the Quality of primary Education Curriculum and content -new basic education curriculum The Constitution and Education Act of 1982 -sources of the curriculum NEEDS OF SOCIETY IN TERMS OF CITIZEN WHO ARE : -Makabayan -Makakalikasan -Makatao -Makadiyos PARAMETER OF CURRICULUM -Environment -Society -Filipino -Science -English -Mathematics -Makabayan SUPPORT SYSTEM -Training of teachers -Provisions of materials equipment and facilities -Policy and administrative support MONITORNING AND EVALUATION -Pre-implementation, Process and post implementation monitoring - access progress and provide intervention TESTING NEAT ( Nationl Elementary Achievement Test) MEASURE MILTI LEVEL INTELLIGENCE Environmental Education Environmental Ethics Population Education Gender Fairness and Peace education are integrated in Social Studies Global Education LIST OF SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION SERGIO OSMENA (1935- 19400 JORGE BACOBO (1940-1941) SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, HEALTH, AND PUBLIC WELAFARE (COMMONWELATH WAR CABINET ) SERGIO OSMENA (1942- 1944) COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION CLARO M. RECTO ( 1942-1943) MINISTER OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ( 2ND REPUBLIC) JORGE BACOBO (1943-1945) SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS LOURDES QUISUMBING (FEB. 1986- DEC. 1989) ISIDRO CARINO (JAN. 1990 – JUNE 19920 ARMAND FABELLA (JULY 1992-JULY 1994) RICARDO GLORIA (AUG. 1994-DEC. 1997) ERLINDA PEFIANCO (JAN. 1998-JUNE 1998) BR. ADREW GONZALES ( JULY 1998-JAN. 2001) RAUL ROCO (FEB. 2001-AUG. 2001) SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION RAUL ROCO ( AUG. 2001- AUG. 2002) EDILBERTO DE JESUS (SEPT. 2002- JULY 2004) FLORENCIO ABAD (JULY2004-JULY 2005) RAMON BACANI ( JULY 2005-SEPT. 2005) FE HIDALGO (SEPT. 2005- JULY 2006) JESLI LAPUZ (JULY 2006-2015)

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