Unit Test Review PDF

Unit Test Review Rodela 1. What are the layers of the earth? Which one is the smallest? Crust- Outer layer of the earth. Makes up continents and oceans Mantel- Rocky substance where you find convection currents which moves the plates Outer core- Made of super heate...

Unit Test Review Rodela 1. What are the layers of the earth? Which one is the smallest? Crust- Outer layer of the earth. Makes up continents and oceans Mantel- Rocky substance where you find convection currents which moves the plates Outer core- Made of super heated lava which is mostly made of iron and nickel Inner core- Solid ball of iron and nickel Which one is the smallest? Crust since its the thinnest of all 1. Describe convection currents. How do they form, what do they cause? Caused by the uneven temperatures inside the earth Hot rock rises to the crust and pushes along it, as it cools it sinks back down This is how Ridge (Mid Atlantic) & Trenches (Pacific) are formed Pattern is similar to boiling water 1. What is Pangaea? How long ago was Pangaea around? eans All Land M One large supercontinent which started to break up and spread out 200 million years ago Idea developed by Alfred Wegner Wegner called the movement of continents, Continental Drift Wegener's 4 proofs were jigsaw, ice sheets, fossils and mountains 1. Describe Plate Tectonics. (Who created it, what are the proofs) In 1968, john tuzo has came up with a theory about Plate tectonics The theory states that Earth’s outer shell is made up of about 20 plates.These plates are floating on a layer of hot rock, several hundred kilometres below Earth’s surface, 3 Ways Plates Move Divergent - Two or more plates moving apart. Forms a ridge. For example Mid Atlantic Ridge Convergent- Two or more plates moving together. The thick continental plate goes over the thinner ocean plate. Causes a trench. Along the Pacific Coast Transformative- Two or more plates moving together. The thick continental plate goes over the thinner ocean plate. Causes a trench. Along the Pacific Coast 1. How do plates form mountains? Continental crust converges with Ocean crust, Ocean crust will go below Continental Crust, and forms mountains 1. How do plates cause natural disasters (Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Tsunami) Earthquake Tsunami Volcano Plates are always Along the plate If an earthquake boundaries at places wanting to move, but happens where magma can reach friction can cause underwater, the the surface. them moving plates Formed Hawaii to slow down or get causes water to rise stuck. If they there and suddenly makes a large wave. become unstuck it can cause an earthquake 1. Know Zone of Sub duction a tectonic feature on the Earth's surface where one plate slides underneath another at a converging plate boundary. 4 geologic eras Precambrian Era- Length of time: 4000 Million Years (4 Billion) Events First single celled organisms Paleozoic Era- Length of time: 370 Million Years Events First fish and land plants appear Mesozoic era- 165 million years- Major events- dinosaurs Cenozoic era - 65 million years - Events- Modern human begin to develop Longest Era: Precambriaan Era for 4 billion years- shortest Era: Cenozoic for only 65 million years 1. During which era were the Canadian Shield, Appalachian Mountains and Western Cordillera formed? The canadian Sheild and Appalachiian Mountains were formed during Paleozoic era. The Western Cordillera formed Mesozoic Era. Know the rock cycle Sedimentary rock- Formed when pre existing rock gets word down by weathering and erosion. Metamorphic rock- Any igneous or sedimentary rock can turn into metamorphic by heat and pressure. Ex: Marble Igneous rock - Formed when magma cools and hardenns 1. What is the difference between weathering and erosion? Weathering- Breakdowns of rocks into smaller pieces Two common types- Physical weathering- The components do not change just breaken into smaller parts. Done by moving water Chemical weathering- he rock’s structure and make up change, and cannot be changed back. Example: Oxidation Weathering breaks rocks down and erosion moves the broken pieces away Eroision- The movement of weathered material from one place to another. Moved by agents of erosion Agents of erosion- moving water, ice, wind, and gravity 1. How do glaciers fromm When snow piles up commpresses into ice and slowly moves downhill 1. When was the last ice age? During the last ice age 14000 years ago. Canada was almost covered in ice. 1. What is the difference between Alpine and Continental Glaciers? Alpine glaciers form in mountains and move down valleys, while continental glaciers are huge ice sheets that cover large land areas, like those in antarctica and greenland 1. How did glacier impact ontario? Glaciers in ontario creates lakes, valleys, and shaped the land and left behind piles of rockkas dirt which helped form the landscape we see today.