Grade 7 Science Review for Long Test 1.2 PDF

WEEKLY INSTRUCTIONAL SCHEDULE Here's the schedule for Week 7: 1. First Meeting: Experiment Execution (Data Gathering) 2. Second Meeting: Finalization of the PeTa Worksheet 3. Third Meeting: Review for Long Test 1.2 4. BRIDGE Day: Reflection Writing GRADE 7 SCIENCE REVIEW FOR LONG TEST 1.2...

WEEKLY INSTRUCTIONAL SCHEDULE Here's the schedule for Week 7: 1. First Meeting: Experiment Execution (Data Gathering) 2. Second Meeting: Finalization of the PeTa Worksheet 3. Third Meeting: Review for Long Test 1.2 4. BRIDGE Day: Reflection Writing GRADE 7 SCIENCE REVIEW FOR LONG TEST 1.2. Seismic Waves, Earth’s Interior, Earth’s Crustal Layers, Continental Drift Theory, Plate Tectonic Theory, and Plate Boundaries Ms. Bianca Clarisse A. De Guzman  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the session, you are expected to: ❑ describe the structure of the Earth's interior, including its layers (crust, mantle, core) and their composition and physical properties; ❑ explain the theory of continental drift, including its key evidence, the role of Alfred Wegener, and the reasons why it was initially rejected; and ❑ describe the theory of plate tectonics, including the types of plate boundaries, the forces that drive plate movement, and the major geological features associated with each boundary type.  POINTERS TO REVIEW T1.4. Seismic Waves and Earth’s Interior Types of Seismic Waves Interpreting Seismic Wave Data: Understanding Earth's Structure Layers of the Earth a.According to Chemical Composition (Crust, Mantle, Core) b.According to Mechanical/Physical Structure (Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core) Earth's Discontinuity Integrated Sustainable Development Goals  POINTERS TO REVIEW T1.5. Earth’s Crustal Layers Lithosphere (Crust, Upper Mantle) Types of Crust (Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust) Asthenosphere Integrated Sustainable Development Goals T1.6. Mechanisms Within the Earth Continental Drift Theory Plate Tectonic Theory Integrated Sustainable Development Goals T1.7. Border’s Between Plates Types of Plate Boundaries  TEST MATERIALS Ballpen Eraser Long White Folder #2 Mongol Pencil GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 1.4 SEISMIC WAVES Ms. Bianca Clarisse A. De Guzman  ENGAGE: Earth's Hidden Symphony The Earth is made up of layers. The outer layer is called the crust, and it's broken into pieces called tectonic plates. These plates are constantly moving, and when they rub against each other, they create vibrations that travel through the Earth. These vibrations are called seismic waves. We feel these waves as earthquakes. If the earthquake happens under the ocean, the seismic waves can push the water up, creating a tsunami.  EXPLAIN: SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES These are vibrations that travel through the Earth. These waves are generated by earthquakes and are recorded by instruments called seismographs.  TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES CHARACTERISTICS BEHAVIOR They cause particles to move back It can travel through both solids PRIMARY WAVES and forth in the same direction as and liquids, making them the BODY WAVES (compressional waves) the wave travels. fastest seismic waves. (travels within the earth) They cause particles to move SECONDARY WAVES perpendicular to the direction the It can only travel through solids. (shear waves) wave travels. The fastest surface waves and They cause the ground to move from SURFACE WAVES LOVE WAVES are responsible for much of the side to side. (travels on the damage during earthquakes. surface of the They cause the ground to move in an earth) It can cause a rolling motion on RAYLEIGH WAVES elliptical pattern, similar to ocean the Earth's surface. waves. HOW SEISMIC WAVES PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH Changes in the speed of seismic waves gives scientists an idea about the physical properties of various depth of the earth’s interior. Lithosphere, composed of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, is solid. Seismic waves travel fast through this rocky sphere. Below the lithosphere, the seismic waves slow down. this observation indicates a very high temperature that melts rocks, making the molten materials behave like fluid. This region is called the asthenosphere. Below the asthenosphere, seismic waves travel fast again, indicating that the lower part of the mantle is solid. In the core, seismic waves travel slowly indicating that it is a molten due to the extremely high temperature. GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 1.4 INTERIORS OF THE EARTH Ms. Bianca Clarisse A. De Guzman EXPLAIN: EARTH’S STRUCTURES The Earth’s structure can be divided according to chemical composition: 1. crust 2. mantle 3. core according to physical properties: 1. lithosphere 2. asthenosphere 3. mesosphere (lower mantle) 4. outer core 5. inner core  STRUCTURES OF THE EARTH CRUST thinnest and the outermost TYPES OF CRUST The picture shows a subduction process When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the oceanic crust will always subduct under the continental crust; this is because oceanic crust is naturally denser.  STRUCTURES OF THE EARTH MANTLE mostly solid bulk of Earth's interior. It lies between the core and crust. TWO LAYERS OF MANTLE It shows the mantle convection. It transfers heat from the white-hot core to the brittle lithosphere. The mantle is heated from below, cooled from above, and its overall temperature decreases over long periods of time.  STRUCTURES OF THE EARTH CORE very hot, very dense, lies beneath crust and mantle TWO LAYERS OF CORE The metal carries an electrical current that is powered by the movement of the liquid. The electrical current creates a magnetic field that reaches out from the core to the surface of the Earth and beyond.  A CLOSER LOOK AT DISCONTINUITIES DISCONTINUITY It is a boundary between two different layers of the Earth, where the properties of the rock change suddenly. Earth's layers have different materials and densities, so there are sometimes sudden changes between them.  REMEMBER: Earth’s Interior Based on Chemical and Mechanical (Physical) Properties Layer of the Earth How thick is it? (km) Is it solid or liquid How hot is it? (°C) From Outermost to Innermost Layer Oceanic and Continental Crust 0 km - 50 km solid not mentioned Lower Lithosphere 50 km - 150 km solid 400 - 1200 Asthenosphere 150 km Mostly solid, but behaves 800 - 1300 like a very viscous liquid Upper Mantle 150 km - 410 km Mostly solid, but with 1500 pockets of molten rock Transition Zone 410 km - 660 km solid 1500 - 2000 Lower Mantle 660 km - 2980 km solid 2000 - 4000 Outer Core 2980 km - 5150 km liquid 4000 - 6000 Inner Core 5150 km - 6370 km solid 6000 - above GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 1.5 EARTH’S CRUSTAL LAYERS Ms. Bianca Clarisse A. De Guzman  EXPLAIN: ANALYSIS OF TABLE COMPLETION Table 2 Earth’s Mechanical Layers Compositional (Chemical) Mechanical Layers Characteristics Layers it Covers Crust Solid, rigid rock Coolest part of the mantle Lithosphere Average of 80 km thick Uppermost Mantle Divided into slabs called “Plates” Temperature and pressure is high compared to Lithosphere Mantle (below the Asthenosphere ~410 km deep lithosphere) Semi-molten (weak, soft, and can flow) but still solid  EXPLAIN: MAKING SENSE OF EVERYTHING! Challenging Question: Why is the characteristics of Asthenosphere important for the movement of lithosphere? End of Geological Activity. This could diminish or end geological processes and formations such as: Sierra Madre Mariana Trench Mayon Volcano 1990 Luzon Earthquake (Mountain Ranges) (Trenches) (Volcanoes) (Earthquakes) GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 1.6 MECHANISMS OF EARTH (Part 1): CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY Ms. Bianca Clarisse A. De Guzman  CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY The Earth began as one huge mass of land called “all Earth” “Pangaea” The waters surrounding Pangaea was called “all seas” “Panthalassa” 200 MYA - Pangaea broke into two new continents: 1) Laurasia: North America, Europe, and Asia 2) Gondwanaland: Antarctica, Australia, South America  ALFRED WEGENER A German meteorologist and geophysicist who proposed the Continental Drift Theory. Born in 1880, died in 1930 while finding evidences that will prove his theory. Initially faced skepticism from the scientific community but his ideas laid the foundation for modern plate tectonics.  EVIDENCES OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT TOPOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOSSIL CORRELATION ROCK FORMATION PALEOCLIMATIC EVIDENCE  EVIDENCES OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT TOPOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOSSIL CORRELATION ROCK FORMATION PALEOCLIMATIC EVIDENCE  EVIDENCES OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT TOPOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOSSIL CORRELATION ROCK FORMATION PALEOCLIMATIC EVIDENCE  EVIDENCES OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT TOPOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOSSIL CORRELATION ROCK FORMATION PALEOCLIMATIC EVIDENCE REASONS WHY CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY WAS NOT ACCEPTED Alfred Wegener was a meteorologist not a geologist. The theory could not explain the mechanism of continental drift. Wegener thought that the continents are rapidly moving. The theory explained fossil similarities based on land bridges which are no longer present or evident. GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 1.6 MECHANISMS OF EARTH (Part 2): PLATE TECTONIC THEORY Ms. Bianca Clarisse A. De Guzman  PRIMARY PLATES Tectonic Plate: Size: Pacific Plate 103,300,000 sq km North American Plate 75,900,000 sq km Eurasian Plate 67,800,000 sq km African Plate 61,300,000 sq km Antarctic Plate 60,900,000 sq km Indo-Australian Plate 58,900,000 sq km South American Plate 43,600,000 sq km  SECONDARY PLATES Tectonic Plate: Size: Tectonic Plate: Size: Somali Plate 16,700,000 sq km Caroline Plate 1,700,000 sq km Nazca Plate 15,600,000 sq km Scotia Plate 1,600,000 sq km Philippine Plate 5,500,000 sq km Burma Plate 1,100,000 sq km Arabian Plate 5,000,000 sq km New Hebrides 1,100,000 sq km Plate Caribbean Plate 3,300,000 sq km Juan de Fuca 250,000 sq km Plate Cocos Plate 2,900,000 sq km GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 1.7 BORDERS BETWEEN TECTONIC PLATES Ms. Bianca Clarisse A. De Guzman  RECALL: ANALOGY: EARTH IS LIKE A HARD-BOILED EGG Much like an egg with a cracked eggshell, the Earth’s lithosphere is broken into plates that move or ride on the asthenosphere.  RECALL: WHAT IS PLATE TECTONICS? Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that states that the Earth's lithosphere is comprised of large tectonic plates which have been slowly moving since about 3.4 billion years ago.  PLATE TECTONIC THEORY EXPLAINS WEGENER’S THEORY The realization that Earth's land masses move was first proposed by Alfred Wegener, which he called continental drift. However, Wegener did not know what drove this movement.  PLATE TECTONIC THEORY EXPLAINS WEGENER’S THEORY In the 1960s, technological advancements made it possible to thoroughly study the Earth. mapped the ocean floor understood seafloor spreading These observations were consistent with a new theory built on Wegener’s original idea of continental drift—the theory of plate tectonics. The first maps models of the ocean floor.  ENGAGE: Plate tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes Earthquakes and volcanic activity do not occur randomly throughout the world. Instead, they occur primarily in concentrated belts.  ENGAGE: Plate tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes The theory of plate tectonics helps explain this pattern because the earthquake and volcano belts mark the locations of plate boundaries.  PLATE BOUNDARIES Plate boundaries are places where two plates are pushing toward, pulling away, or sliding past each other. divergent (moving apart) convergent (moving together) transform (moving side by side)  SUMMARY OF PLATE BOUNDARIES What might happen at this type of boundary? Type of plate Type of Plate Boundary motion Earthquakes Volcanoes Mountains Trench continental-continental convergent ✓ ✘ ✓ ✘ Moving toward each oceanic-continental convergent ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ other oceanic-oceanic convergent ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓ Spreading apart divergent ✓ ✓ ✘ ✘ Moving past one another transform ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘  ACTIVITY Blooket the Earth: A Quiz- tastic Exploration Get ready to test your knowledge about the Earth's interior, seismic waves, and plate tectonics! Answer the multiple-choice questions to see how much you've learned. Good luck! LET’S TRY THIS  ACTIVITY "Drifting Apart, Growing Together" Have fun with this! Use humor, imagination, and your knowledge of continental drift to create a unique and engaging dialogue. In connection with our lesson about continental drift, why South America and Africa went to a therapist? Imagine South America and Africa are best friends who have been drifting apart for millions of years. They decide to go to therapy to work through their feelings and understand why they've been moving away from each other. Write a dialogue between South America and Africa as they discuss their relationship with the therapist. Be sure to include details about their history, their feelings, and their plans for the future.  “I just feel so lost “I know, South America. without you, Africa. It’s hard to believe We used to be so we’ve been drifting close, sharing apart for so long. I miss mountains and our shared history, our forests. Now, I’m all stories, our… well, our alone in the western shared coastline.” hemisphere.” “It sounds like you’re both experiencing a lot of change and uncertainty. What are your thoughts about how you can move forward, even if you are physically separated?”  WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM SOUTH AMERICA AND AFRICA Change is inevitable: Just like continents drift apart, life is full of change. We can't always control these changes, but we can learn to adapt and find ways to stay connected to the people and things that matter to us. Relationships evolve: Friendships, like continents, can shift and change over time. It's important to be flexible and understanding in relationships, recognizing that people grow and change. Distance doesn't always mean separation: Even though South America and Africa are physically separated, they still share a history and a connection. This reminds us that we can maintain relationships even when we're physically apart. QUESTIONS?