UNIT 5 Planning and Organizing.pdf

PLANNING & ORGANIZING LEARNING OBJECTS Label and discuss the three main components of the rhetorical situation. Identify and provide examples of at least five of the nine basic cognate strategies in communication. Demonstrate how to build a sample presentation by expanding on the main poi...

PLANNING & ORGANIZING LEARNING OBJECTS Label and discuss the three main components of the rhetorical situation. Identify and provide examples of at least five of the nine basic cognate strategies in communication. Demonstrate how to build a sample presentation by expanding on the main points you wish to convey. Demonstrate how to use structural parts of any presentation. Identify how to use different organizing principles for a presentation. UNIT 4 REVIEW Kahoot CONTEXT This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC 1 Space and Time The space you’re presenting in, the time of day, and even the events going on in the world around you and your audience will affect the decisions you make in preparing for your presentation.  AUDIENCE Expectations and Prior Knowledge Understanding the Audience Your audience comes to you with What kind of audience will you be speaking expectations, prior knowledge, and to? What do you know about their experience. They have a wide range of expectations, prior knowledge or characteristics like social class, gender, age, backgrounds, and how they plan to use your race and ethnicity, cultural background, and information? language that make them unique and diverse. PURPOSE 1 Presentation Goals 2 Strategies for Success A presentation may be designed to Given the diverse nature of audiences, inform, demonstrate, persuade, the complexity of the communication motivate, or even entertain. The process, and the countless options and purpose of your speech is central to its choices to make when preparing your formation. presentation, you may feel overwhelmed. PIE: PERSUADE, INFORM, ENTERTAIN An author writes for many reasons. An author may give you facts or true information about a subject. If so, they are writing to inform. Authors write fiction stories or stories that are meant to entertain you. Authors write to persuade or to try to get you to do something. THINK ABOUT IT LIKE THIS: Author’s purpose + main idea statement = why they wrote (PIE: to inform, to persuade, or entertain) + (what it was about?) It is ok to use words OTHER than the main 3 (P.I.E.) as long as they mean the same thing. Other ways to write author’s purpose: To describe about the life cycle of the butterfly. To convince voters to chose a political candidate To amuse the reader with a thrilling adventure Facts or true information? = to inform, describe or teach Fiction? = to entertain or amuse Tries to get you to do something? = to persuade or convince RHETORICAL SITUATION  WHAT IS RHETORIC? Definition: Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. This concept was originally explored by Aristotle in his book titled, “Rhetoric.” Rhetorical Appeals Are Everywhere “Ethos, pathos, and logos show up everywhere, from commercials and advertising to friendly conversations and debates. Whenever you use research and statistics to support an argument, you are using logos. Any time you invoke your experience and specialized knowledge to highlight your credibility, you are using ethos. When you find yourself using vivid language and telling stories to persuade, you are using pathos.” (Super ELA, 2024) THREE ELEMENTS OF A RHETORICAL SITUATION Context Presentation space connects to the broader world Consideration of time of day and current events External factors influence preparation decisions Audience Audience is a key component of communication They come with diverse expectations, knowledge, and experiences Characteristics include social class, gender, age, race, ethnicity, cultural background, and language Understanding the audience helps tailor the message effectively Purpose Presentations can aim to inform, demonstrate, persuade, motivate, or entertain Purpose is central to the speech's structure Should be able to state the purpose clearly in one concise sentence ARISTOTLE FORM OF RHETORICAL PROOF IMAGE SOURCE: WHO IS ARISTOTLE?  LET’S BREAK IT DOWN…  HOW COULD YOU USE THESE APPEALS TO SELL A PEN? Fig. 5.1 Context, Audience, and Purpose. Your presentation depends on your knowledge of these three elements of rhetoric. LOGOS EXAMPLE This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC ETHOS EXAMPLE PATHOS EXAMPLE This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Ethos, Pathos, Logos: Explanation & Class Activity PROFESSIONAL TONE Informal reports may have internal or external audiences. The format of the report should align to the recipient: Memos are used for internal communication. Letters are used for external communication. Web postings are typically used for external communication, but institutions that have private networks may use these posting for internal communication. Email may be used for internal or external reports depending upon company policy. HOW TO CREATE AN EMAIL SIGNATURE IN OUTLOOK Create your signature and choose when Outlook adds a signature to your messages Open a new email message. On the Message menu, select Signature > Signatures.... Under Select signature to edit, choose New, and in the New Signature dialog box, type a name for the signature. Under Edit signature, compose your signature DON’T FORGET TO INCLUDE YOUR STUDENT NUMBER!! Read more here: https://support.microsoft.com/en- us/office/create-and-add-an-email-signature-in-outlook- 8ee5d4f4-68fd-464a-a1c1-0e1c80bb27f2 NINE COGNATE STRATEGIES STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS #1 Tone #2 Emphasis #3 Engagement Your choice of words, your Emphasis as a cognate Engagement strategies clothing, your voice, body strategy asks you to can include eye contact, language, the rhythm and consider relevance, and movement within your cadence of your speech, the the degree to which your space, audience use of space – these all focal point of attention participation, use of contribute to the tone of the contributes to or detracts images and even the presentation. from your speech. words you choose. STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS (CONTD.) #4 Clarity #5 Being Concise “Clarity strategies help the receiver Being concise is part of being clear – it (audience) to decode the message, to refers to being brief and direct in the understand it quickly and completely, visual and verbal delivery of your and when necessary, to react without message, and avoiding unnecessary ambivalence” (Kostelnick, C. and intricacy. Roberts, D., 1998). STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS (CONTD.) #6 Arrangement #7 Credibility “Arrangement means order, the organization You will naturally develop a relationship of visual (and verbal) elements” (Kostelnick & with your audience, and the need to make Roberts, 1998) in ways that allow the trust an element is key to that audience to correctly interpret the structure, development. hierarchy, and relationships among points of focus in your presentation. STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS (CONTD.) #8 Expectation #9 Reference Your audience will have inherent Reference involves attention to expectations of themselves and the source and way you present of you depending on the your information. The audience rhetorical situation. Expectations won’t expect you to personally involve the often unstated, gather statistics and publish a eager anticipation of the norms, study, but they will expect you to roles and outcomes of the state where you got your speaker and the speech. information. PURPOSE AND CENTRAL IDEA STATEMENTS In writing your specific purpose statement, you will take three contributing elements Figure 5.3. You, your audience, and your context (Tucker & Barton, 2016) CREATING A SPECIFIC PURPOSE STATEMENT FORMULA To _______________ [Specific Communication Word (inform, explain, demonstrate, describe, define, persuade, convince, prove, argue)] my [Target Audience (my classmates, the members of the Social Work Club, my coworkers] __________________. [The Content (how to bake brownies, that Macs are better than PCs]. Example: The purpose of my presentation is to demonstrate for my coworkers the value of informed intercultural communication. LET’S GET THE FACTS STRAIGHT! There is a difference between FACT and OPINION. Facts are statements that can be proven. Opinions can not be proven. They are based on someone's thoughts, their feelings and their understanding. Though you may be able to use facts to add credibility to an opinion, it is still an opinion! Though an opinion may be widely accepted, that does not make it a fact. Let’s Get The Facts Straight! A fact is something that can be proven by a reliable authority such as: Proven A Statistics scientific law history book Governmental Measurements law Mathematics An observation Note : None of these authorities are fool proof, but information that they provide is considered to be fact. OUTLINING YOUR PRESENTATIONS Owl Purdue OPEN THIS LINK OWL PURDUE: How to Outline - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University  References Ontario Business Faculty and eCampus Ontario Program Managers (2018). Communication for Business Professionals (Can ed.) BC Open Collection. BC Campus. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BYSA 4.0) https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/commbusprofcdn/ Chapter 5 Super ELA. (2024). What are rhetorical Appeals? https://super-ela.com/terms/aristotles-rhetorical- appeals-ethos-pathos-logos/