Unit 4 Notes IT (402) Gr 10-1 PDF

Gulf Asian English School, Sharjah CH:13 Health, Safety and Security at Workplace Short answer questions. 1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace. Answer: Health refers to the overall well-being of employees, including physical, mental, and social aspects. Safet...

Gulf Asian English School, Sharjah CH:13 Health, Safety and Security at Workplace Short answer questions. 1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace. Answer: Health refers to the overall well-being of employees, including physical, mental, and social aspects. Safety involves protecting employees from work-related injuries and accidents. Security includes measures to protect employees and organizational assets from threats like theft, violence, and natural disasters. 2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace. Answer: To ensure the well-being and productivity of employees. To comply with legal and regulatory requirements. To reduce the risk of accidents and injuries, leading to lower costs. To create a positive work environment and enhance employee morale. 3. List out the various workplace safety hazards. Answer:  Physical hazards (e.g., machinery, heights)  Chemical hazards (e.g., toxic substances)  Biological hazards (e.g., bacteria, viruses)  Ergonomic hazards (e.g., repetitive strain)  Psychosocial hazards (e.g., stress, harassment) 4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organisation. Answer: Poorly maintained equipment Inadequate training Hazardous substances Poor workplace design Non-compliance with safety protocols 5. List some of the IT workplace hazards. Answer: Ergonomic issues from prolonged computer use Eye strain from screen glare Electrical hazards from equipment Data security risks Stress from high job demands 6. What are the examples of potential hazards? Answer: Slippery floors leading to falls Exposure to harmful chemicals causing health issues Excessive noise causing hearing loss Repetitive tasks leading to musculoskeletal disorders 7. Describe information technology workplace hazards. Answer: Prolonged sitting and poor posture causing back and neck pain Constant exposure to screens causing eye strain and headaches Repetitive movements like typing causing carpal tunnel syndrome Cybersecurity threats from handling sensitive information 8. What are the workplace safety rules? Answer: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Follow all safety procedures and protocols.  Report any hazards or unsafe conditions immediately. Participate in safety training programs. Maintain a clean and organized work area. 9. List out different safety guidelines? Answer: Conduct regular safety audits and inspections. Ensure proper labeling and storage of hazardous materials. Provide adequate training on emergency procedures. Install and maintain safety equipment like fire extinguishers. Promote a culture of safety through communication and leadership. 10. Describe type of emergency with example. Answer: Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, floods, hurricanes. Example: An earthquake requires evacuation plans and earthquake-resistant infrastructure. Technological Emergencies: Chemical spills, power outages. Example: A chemical spill requires immediate evacuation and containment procedures. Human-Caused Events: Fires, workplace violence. Example: A fire requires fire drills, extinguishers, and clear evacuation routes. CH:14 Workplace Quality Measures Short answer type questions 1. What causes the water pollution? Answer: Industrial Waste: Factories releasing pollutants into water bodies. Agricultural Runoff: Pesticides and fertilizers washing into rivers and lakes. Sewage and Wastewater: Untreated or inadequately treated sewage entering water bodies. Plastic Waste: Plastic debris that does not decompose and pollutes water. Oil Spills: Accidents or leaks from oil tankers and rigs. Household Waste: Chemicals from household products entering waterways. 2. What is occupational overuse syndrome? Answer: Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS) is a condition caused by repetitive movements, sustained or awkward postures, and insufficient recovery time. It leads to pain and discomfort in muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues, commonly affecting areas like the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, and neck. 3. What are musculoskeletal problems? Answer: Musculoskeletal problems are conditions that affect the muscles, bones, and joints. These include: Strains and Sprains: Overstretching or tearing of muscles or ligaments. Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist. Back Pain: Often due to poor posture or heavy lifting. Arthritis: Inflammation of joints causing pain and stiffness. 4. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer? Answer: Maintain Proper Posture: Sit with your back straight and feet flat on the floor. Use Ergonomic Furniture: Ensure your chair and desk support a comfortable position. Take Regular Breaks: Follow the 20-20-20 rule every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Adjust Screen Position: Keep the monitor at eye level to avoid neck strain. Use Proper Lighting: Avoid glare on the screen by positioning lights appropriately 5. Why there is no right way to use a laptop? Answer: Laptops are not ergonomically designed for prolonged use. The fixed screen and keyboard position can lead to poor posture and strain on the neck, back, and wrists. It is recommended to use external peripherals and adjust the setup for better ergonomics. 6. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it? Answer: Causes of Eye Strain: Prolonged screen time without breaks. Glare or reflections on the screen. Poor lighting conditions. Incorrect screen brightness. How to Avoid Eye Strain: Follow the 20-20-20 rule. Adjust screen brightness to match the environment. Reduce glare with anti-glare screens or filters. Ensure proper lighting in the room. Keep screens clean to avoid dust and fingerprints. 7. What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer? Answer: LCD or LED Monitors: These screens are preferable due to their clear display and energy efficiency. Adjustable Stands: Allows you to set the screen at eye level. Anti-Glare Coating: Reduces reflections and glare. High Resolution: Provides clearer and sharper images, reducing eye strain. Blue Light Filter: Helps reduce blue light exposure, which can cause eye strain. 8. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer? Answer: Ergonomic Keyboards: Designed to reduce strain on the hands and wrists by promoting a natural hand position. Split Keyboards: In these keyboards the keys are separated into two or more groups, reducing wrist and hand strain. Mechanical Keyboards: Offer tactile feedback and can reduce the effort needed to press keys, helping to minimize strain. Low-Profile Keyboards: Have a flatter design, reducing the need for wrist extension. CH:15-Prevent Accidents and Emergencies Question Answer Short answer questions 1. What is a workplace emergency? Answer: A workplace emergency is an unexpected situation that threatens employees, customers, or the public; disrupts or shuts down operations; or causes physical or environmental damage. 2. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business? Answer: To protect yourself, your employees, and your business, you should prepare for emergencies by creating an emergency action plan, conducting regular training, maintaining emergency supplies, and ensuring clear communication. 3. What is an emergency action plan? Answer: An emergency action plan is a detailed plan outlining the procedures to follow during an emergency to ensure the safety of everyone in the workplace. 4. What should your emergency action plan include? Answer:  An emergency action plan should include:  Procedures for reporting emergencies  Evacuation routes and exits  Emergency contact information  Procedures for employees who remain to operate critical operations  Account for all employees after an evacuation  Medical and rescue duties  Means of alerting employees to an emergency 5. How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures? Answer:  To develop an evacuation policy and procedures:  Identify potential emergencies and their impact   Designate evacuation routes and exits  Assign roles and responsibilities  Create a communication plan  Conduct training and drills 6. How do you establish evacuation routes and exits? Answer: Establish evacuation routes and exits by: Ensuring they are clearly marked and well-lit Keeping them free of obstructions Posting maps and signs Conducting regular inspections and drills 7. What are the various types of fire extinguisher and their extinguishing material? Answer: Class A: Water or foam (for ordinary combustibles like wood and paper) Class B: Carbon dioxide or dry chemical (for flammable liquids like gasoline) Class C: Dry chemical or carbon dioxide (for electrical fires) Class D: Dry powder (for combustible metals like magnesium) Class K: Wet chemical (for cooking oils and fats) 8. What are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fire emergency. Answer: Use the PASS method: Pull the pin Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire Squeeze the handle Sweep the nozzle from side to side 9. Compare the different type of fire extinguisher. Answer: Water Extinguishers: Best for Class A fires, not for electrical or flammable liquid fires. Foam Extinguishers: Effective on Class A and B fires, not suitable for electrical fires. Dry Chemical Extinguishers: Versatile for Class A, B, and C fires. Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers: Best for Class B and C fires, leave no residue. Wet Chemical Extinguishers: Designed for Class K fires, used in kitchens. 10. List the different class of fire. Answer: Class A: Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper) Class B: Flammable liquids (gasoline, oil) Class C: Electrical fires Class D: Combustible metals (magnesium, aluminum) Class K: Cooking oils and fats 11. List out electrical rescue techniques. Answer: Disconnect the power source if safe to do so Use non-conductive materials to move the victim away from the electrical source Call emergency services Administer CPR if needed 12. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies? Answer: Ensure the area is safe and power is off Call for medical help immediately Check for breathing and pulse, and perform CPR if necessary Treat burns with cool, clean water, but do not apply ice or ointments Keep the victim calm and still until help arrives