NURS 1112 Cleaning, Disinfection & Sterilization PDF Notes

NURS 1112 CLEANING, DISINFECTION & STERILIZATION K LOOTAWAN 21/10/24 OBJECTIVES Identify Identify the difference between cleaning, disinfection & sterilization Discuss Discuss the activities entailed in cleaning Discuss Discuss the activities entailed in disinfection Dis...

NURS 1112 CLEANING, DISINFECTION & STERILIZATION K LOOTAWAN 21/10/24 OBJECTIVES Identify Identify the difference between cleaning, disinfection & sterilization Discuss Discuss the activities entailed in cleaning Discuss Discuss the activities entailed in disinfection Discuss Discuss the activities entailed in sterilization Examine the responsibilities of the nurse as it pertains to cleaning, disinfection and Examine sterilization DEFINITION OF TERMS DECONTAMINATION is a process of removing soil and pathogens from objects and surfaces so that they are safe handle, further process or discard. This is done via the following three (3) processes: Cleaning Disinfection Sterilization World Health Organization. 2016. Decontamination and reprocessing of medical devices for health- care facilities. World Health Organization. Retrieved from : https://www.who.int/infection-prevention/ publications/decontamination/en/ WHY DECONTAMINATION Decontamination of medical devices plays an important role in the prevention of health care-associated infections. It includes cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization. (WHO2022) Decontamination is important because it is part of quality assurance at health care facilities It is a significant part of infection prevention and control to ensure health care worker and patient safety in all health careenvironments.  Goals of cleaning are to: 1 2 3 Make surface or Reduce the Remove both device safe to bioburden on organic & inorganic handle/use devices and contaminants environmental surfaces  Definition- the physical removal of body materials, dust or foreign material. Cleaning 1. removes the number of microorganisms and soil, thus, CLEANING facilitating better contact of the surface to be disinfected or sterilized 2. ↓the risk of inactivation of chemical disinfectants and the multiplication of microbes  Dirt protects microorganisms from contact with lethal agents (disinfectants, sterilizers) CLEANIN G– Physical cleaning eliminates large quantities of microorganisms associated with soil GENERAL PRINCIPL Always follow manufacturer recommendations when cleaning the equipment ES All objects are completely disassembled before cleaning FACTORS FOR A SUCCESSFUL CLEANING PROCESS 1. Time of exposure 2. Cleaning products 3. Mechanical action 4. Temperature 5. Water quality DISINFECTION Definition: The destruction or removal of microorganisms at a level that it is not harmful to health and safe to handle N.B. This process does not include the destruction of bacterial spores FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN SELECTING A DISINFECTION PROCESS 1. Quantity and location of the microorganisms 2. Resistance of the microorganisms to the chemical agent 3. Concentration of the agents 4. Physical and chemical factors 5. Duration of the exposure 6. Presence of extracellular material or biofilms 7. Use of medical devices BIOFILM STERILIZATION The complete removal or destruction of microorganisms including bacterial spores. It is a validated process used to make a product free from viable microorganisms (PAHO, 2022) It is the process using chemical or physical agents in order to destroy all the forms of microbial life and applied specifically to inanimate objects (Favero,1991; Rhame,1992; Silva, Graziano & Lacerda,1992)  Chemical Chemical sterilizing, usually same chemical high-level disinfectants but longer period of exposition METHODS OF Chemical Steam: hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide STERILIZATIO N Physical Dry heat Steam  Moist heat or steam sterilization is method usually used Mechanism of action – the saturated THE SSD/ steam is a sterilizing agent CSSD(Central Microbial death from “denaturation” of Sterilizing the proteins produced by the action of Services the temperature and the saturated steam Department) The materials should be open and disassembled to promote the contact of steam with all parts; e.g.: open tweezers, textile adequately packed MOIST HEAT OR STERILIZATION WITH STEAM Advantage Disadvantage The method is considered Deleterious for heat-sensitive most economical, fast and instruments. nontoxic. There is no residue waste of the sterilizing agent. LOOK & LISTEN https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=l5mtsU4YtPQ !READ THIS DOCUMENT https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/364587/WHO- UHL-IHS-IPC-2022.4-eng.pdf?sequence=1 GET A CERTIFICATE https://openwho.org/courses/IPC-DECON-EN