Unit 3 Knowledge Organiser PDF

Unit 3 Knowledge Organiser Health, safety and security in health and social care. LO1: Potential hazards Potential impacts of hazards for individuals who require care or support, employees and employers Harm and abuse.  LO1 Potential hazards in health, social care and child car...

Unit 3 Knowledge Organiser Health, safety and security in health and social care. LO1: Potential hazards Potential impacts of hazards for individuals who require care or support, employees and employers Harm and abuse.  LO1 Potential hazards in health, social care and child care environments. Hazard: Something that could potentially harm someone or could cause and adverse effect on health. Manual handling: using the correct procedure when physically moving any load by lifting, putting down, pushing or pulling Type of Examples in care environments hazard Environmental  Work or damaged equipment, furniture and flowing can cause slip and trip hazards resulting in sprains, bruising, fractures or being knocked unconscious. Biological  Medical or other waste products not disposed of following correct procedures and poor levels of hygiene can result in the spread of infection and disease. Chemical  Medicines – incorrect doses being administered, wrong medication, unauthorized access to medication can have serious health consequences.  Cleaning materials – stored or used incorrectly can cause serious physical harm. Psychological  Fatigue and stress – due to long working hours, coping with challenging behavior, violence, abuse from service users, bullying in the workplace. Physical  Excessive loud noise at work, i.e. continuous use of a loud hoover can cause ringing in the ears, deafness or other ear complaints.  Radiation from electromagnetic rays like x-rays and gamma rays – X-rays, used in medical environments for scanning internal organs and diagnosing broken bones. Gamm rays are used in the treatment of cancers and sterilising medical equipment. Musculoskelet  Manual handling – equipment, patients, residents can cause muscle injuries if not carried out al correctly following procedures.  Display Screen Equipment (DSE) -incorrect posture or badly placed screen can cause muscular aches and pains and also repetitive strain injuries (RSI). Working  Temperature – to hot or too cold can cause dehydration and make conditions such as asthma worse. conditions  Hearing can be damaged with long-term exposure to noise levels that are too high.  Stress and fatigue can be caused by travelling long distances, being away from home and sitting in traffic for periods of time. Working  Excessive hours result in accidents and mistakes as a result of lack of concentration and tiredness. practices  Lack of supervision for new staff or those taking on new tasks. Training essential to avoid accidents and errors. i.e. using a hoist to incorrectly could lead to injury. Lack of  Door locks, alarm systems and monitoring of all visitors are all measures to prevent unauthorized security access by strangers who may pose a threat of harm to individuals in care environments. Security may  Potential impacts of hazards for individuals who Examples of hazardous activities in care settings: require care or support, employees and employers. Assisting an individual out of a Hazards can impact on everyone who uses a care setting. wheelchair. For each listed below, outline how hazards can impact on Cleaning – cleaning chemicals materials, them. noisy hoovers. Dressing wounds, changing nappies and Employees: contact with bodily fluids. Exposure to infections. Individuals who work in a care setting, such as nurses in a hospital or Helping a person out of bed. teaching in a primary school. Staff in care settings may develop mental Helping a person out of the bath. health illnesses such as depression or stress and physical effects such Lifting heavy equipment. as high blood pressure if their workload is excessive. They may sustain Picking someone up from the floor. back injuries if they do not receive the correct or adequate training got RSI from using display screen things such as manual handling. equipment. Using a hoist or bed board to transfer individuals. The Employer: Violent or abusive service users. Examples of practical A manager or owner of a care setting who employs staff. Examples hazards: Broken Broken toys include a Headteacher of a school or owner of a residential home. furniture Clutter Employers could face serious consequences, such as being taken to rugs Examples court, being fined or closed down. For example if an individual is of stairs practical Wet floors seriously injured due to a hoist not being worn out or poorly hazards maintained. This could also result in a care setting developing a poor Extension Objects on the reputation to failing and inspection. cords floor Uneven Poor flooring lighting Individuals who require care or support: Service users, the people who go to a service, such as; hospital patients, people attending a day centre etc. Individuals who require care or support may not receive adequate levels of care if staff do not have enough time to do their job properly sue to staff shortages or a lack of training. Staff who do not maintain high standards of hygiene  MRSA: serious bacterial infection that can spread Potential impacts of hazards in quickly in settings like a hospital where people are more care settings vulnerable due to open wounds and weakened immune systems. Injury or harm Illness Impacts of hazards can also result in illness: Impac Eye strain Financial ts of Illness Food poisoning – diarrhoea and sickness loss hazar Headaches ds High blood pressure Infections Poor Mental health – anxiety, depression, standar ds of disempowerment, burnout care MRSA Being unable to work, leading to staff absence. Injury or harm: Poor standards Back injuries – musculoskeletal of care damage, slipped disc, injured Poor standards of care can be caused by muscle. employees who: Chemical burns Feel tired or exhausted Cuts and bruises Forget to give medication Deafness Forget to provide fluids or food Fractures – arm, leg, rib, ankle, Lack concentration collarbone Lack enough time to do their job properly. Injury from intruders – terrorists or The impacts of poor standards of care on burglars. individuals who need care or support are: Financial loss Radiation. Bed sores and pressure ulcers Bruising due to poor handling Loss of earnings due to time off work Dehydration Loss of job Health deteriorates / illness gets worse Compensation being malnutrition received/pursued Theft of personal money or belongings.  Harm and Cross contamination – when bacteria spread on to Abuse food from another source like; hands, work surfaces, kitchen equipment or between cooked and raw food. All individuals in care environments can be susceptible to CQC –The Care Quality Commission, a government the risk of harm and abuse to they may be perpetrators of organization that inspects and regulates health and harm and abuse themselves. social care provision. Intentional abuse: This is deliberate abuse, examples of this are; theft, verbal Possible effects for abusers of abuse in abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and financial abuse. care environments. Having to Unintentional Abuse: attend Can be caused by carelessness, lack of training to do things Care or training or correctly or as a result of neglect. For example; poor care of health be re- a patient leading to pressure sores, a nursing home resident environmen trained. Disciplina t fined or ry action. suffering from dehydration as fluid intakes are not being closed monitored. A catering assistant in a primary school down. forgetting to wash their hands before preparing food – could cause cross contamination, leading to an outbreak of food School placed in poisoning. Possible effects of abuse in care special Suspensi environments for individuals who have measure on. s by experienced abuse. Ofsted. Possibl Anger Illness, deterioration of Loss of e Anxiety health professional effects Death Injury status – Denial Lack of sleep nurse, Dismissal Depression Loss of confidence doctor,. Disempowerment Loss of trust social worker, Embarrassment Low self-esteem teacher. Fear Self-blame Feeling betrayed Self-harm Sued for Financial hardship Suicidal feelings Imprisonme negligence Becoming withdrawn nt – financial Criminal loss. prosecutio n, Types of Settings: Health Care Care Child Care Transport: Public Environments: Environments: Environments:  Ambulanc Environments:  Clinic  Community centre  Breakfast club e  Cinemas  Health Centre  Day centre  Child minder  Care  Parks  Dental  Lunch club  Children’s centre  Boat  Leisure centres practice  Individual’s own  Crèche  Caravan  Religious  Drop-in home  Foster home  Coach groups i.e. surgery  Residential care  Kindergarten  Ferry Sunday school  GP surgery home  Nursery  Minibus  Theme park  Hospital  Retirement home  Playgroup  Taxi  Theatre  Medical centre  Social services  Pre-school  Train  Supermarkets  Nursing home department  Primary school  Riding stables  Optician  Support group  Café or  Pharmacy restaurants  Shopping centres  Recreation Exam Tips: Revision Activities: ground Read questions carefully to Create match cards with  Sport clubs, i.e. Try answering these: make sure you are answering examples of hazards and Write a definitionTigers, LCFC. of hazard. about the right setting. settings. Identify two hazards that may be Read questions carefully to Create cue cards to learn found in a hospital ward. make sure that you are examples of hazards. Explain the potential hazards for a answering the question about On A3 paper use the hospital receptionist spending the right focus, i.e. employee, diagram on page 2 of the most of her working day using a employer to a service user. KO ‘Potential impacts of computer. Make sure you can identify hazards in care settings’ Identify the four main impacts of different types of abuse and and extend each of the hazards. the effects on those being impacts by adding Describe the potential abused. examples. For example; musculoskeletal hazards and their Be able to explain possible injuries of other effects for impacts on a health care assistant consequences for the abuser. employers, employees or on a busy geriatric ward. (if it relates to the scenario service users. Explain the difference between you gain more marks) Google an image of a intentional and unintentional nursery playroom and abuse Unit 3 Knowledge Organiser Health, safety and security in health and social care. LO2: How legislation, policies and procedures promote health, safety and security in health, social care and child care environments. Legislation : Legislation: a collection of laws passed by Parliament. It is upheld through the courts, which may prosecute individuals or an organisation if Health and Safety at Work they break it. Act 1974 Risk: likelihood that someone or something could The Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA) established be harmed. the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as the regulator PPE: Personal Protective Equipment provided by for health and safety in the work place. The purpose of the employer; for example clothing and protective the HSE as regulators is to monitor health and safety in equipment to make sure that an individual is safe the work place by carrying out spot checks and carrying in their workplace and carrying out tasks. out investigations if an accident happens. The legislation is enforced by the HSE by issuing improvement notices, fining settings or taking a setting to court. They also offer HASAWA -Employee advice and guidance about how to minimise risks in a responsibilities work Key place. Aspects HASAWA states employers have the following Employees must ensure that responsibilities…. they: Cooperate with their The working Carry out risk assessments. environment must not Provide PPE. employer by following health put anyone at risk. Have procedures in place to prevent accidents. and safety regulations in the Monitor staff practice. workplace. Ensure fire alarms, extinguishers and exits are Any hazards must be reported accessible and working. to the employer. Provided protective clothing The equipment provided Provide fit for purpose equipment in good working must be worn. must be safe and in good order. Do not misuse or tamper with working order. Safety check equipment regularly. Regular maintenance and service of equipment. equipment provided, that Electrical equipment and appliances are PAT tested. meets health and safety regulations. i.e. fire Employers must provide Provide health and safety training for all staff – extinguisher. adequate health and regularly updated. Participate in any health and safety training for staff. Staff trained to use specialist equipment. safety training provided. Regular fire evacuation practices. Take care of themselves and Provide adequate first aid. others in the work place. A written health and Health and safety policy written in line with legal safety policy should be requirements. provided. Ensure staff are aware of and have access to the policy. Display the Health and Safety Law poster. Management of Health and Safety at Work Food Safety Legislation Regulations 1999 The key aspects of The Food Safety Act 1990 and how it impacts on care settings: Key aspects Impact on care settings These regulations were introduced to reinforce and support HASAWA. Covers safe preparation, storage and Employers must maintain Regulations put duties on the employers service of food. high standards of personal and employees, with additional specific ‘Food businesses’ must be registered, hygiene. detail in relation to the safe management this includes; canteens, clubs and Employees who prepare of health and safety. care homes. and serve food should be Environmental Health Officers (EHO) provided with training in Key Employers must ensure can: food safety. aspect  Seize food thought to be unfit for Food should be stored human consumption. correctly. Specific Risk assessments are  Serve an improvement notice. Meals should be prepared, detail carried out and any control  Close a premises causing a risk to cooked and served safely added measures needed are health. and hygienically. regarding implemented. CQC requires that care services Food provided must be HASAWA Competent individuals are ensure that food and drink is safe to eat. and the appointed to manage health handled, stored, prepared and Records must be kept of safe and safety and security – to delivered in a wat that meets the where food is from so it is Key aspects – Food Impact on care settings managem deal with any emergencies requirements of the Act. traceable. Safety(General Food Hygiene) ent of that might happen. Regulations 1992 health Information, training and and supervision are provided so Requires food safety hazards are Use of Hazard Analysis and safety. that work activities can be identified. Critical Control Points (HACCP) carried out safely. Setting should know the critical to identify food safety hazards; steps for food safety in their packaging, work surfaces, food setting. processing equipment, Safety controls must be in place, cookware and personal Risk assessment: the process of evaluating maintained, and reviewed. hygiene. the likelihood of a hazard actually causing Food handlers must wear Food safety controls and harm. suitable clean and appropriate procedures must be in place Control measures: actions that can be PPE. and reviewed regularly. taken to reduce the risks posed by a hazard Food handlers must be Food preparation/serving or to completely remove the hazard. supervised and/or trained in food areas must be well hygiene to an appropriate level. maintained. The preparation and cooking Employers must provide environment must be kept clean appropriate personal hygiene an din good condition. facilities. Adequate arrangements for Employers must provide clean, Food Standards Agency – CCP checklist for residential care homes. Exam Tips: Exam questions are often set in the Safety Point Why? How do you do this? context of a certain care setting – Handwashing: Harmful bacteria How do you make read the questions carefully and make Anyone who works with food can spread very sure staff wash their sure you are answering about the should wash their hands before easily from hands at these right environment and whether the handling it. people’s hands to times? question is about the service user, People with care duties should food, equipment employee or employer. also wash their hands after: and work surfaces. toileting, emptying bed pans, Handwashing is Don’t get your hazards mixed up. For using medical equipment, one of the best example slipping on vomit is an touching dirty linen or clothing ways to prevent and handling pets or their these bacteria environmental hazard, however food feeding bowls. spreading. being covered with vomit is a biological hazard. Food storage and preparation: Older people may Are staff trained to Do not use foods past its ‘use be more likely to make the checks? For LO1 questions – read questions by’ date and fridges are clean suffer from food Yes /No carefully and make sure that in a and operating below 5°C poisoning. These Storage instructions on food scenario question, you can identify checks will help labels followed. protect residents different types of abuse and the Use open food within to days rom bacteria that effect on the individuals being unless it states otherwise. could cause illness. abused. Keep foods that are ready to eat – chilled. www.gov.uk/scienc You must be able to explain the e/microbiology/liste consequences for the abused and to ria gain the highest marks you have to for more info if you Prevents How do you do this? relate the answer to the scenario in Accidents: want it. harmful Make sure areas cleaned after bacteria rom the question and not generalise. an accident such as vomiting or spreading to food diarrhoea are disinfected from hands or You may be asked to identify key thoroughly. uniforms. aspects of the Food Safety Act. The Wear suitable clothing/PPE i.e. table on the left will assist with disposable apron and hands are questions like – state three food washed thoroughly. safety requirements of a care home. Meals: Helps prevent Are care staff Read the Basic Food Hygiene Fact Care staff helping serve meals harmful bacteria trained to wash should wash their hands spreading to food their hands and Sheet – thoroughly and put on a clean from our hands and wear aprons before www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/sf disposable apron before serving or clothing serving food. bb or feeding residents. (uniforms) Yes / No Visitors should be made to wash What type of apron Always be clear about whether you Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Guidance for safe lifting In health and social care environments, manual 1. Stand with feet handling for care providers is a big thing. There are a apart number of situations where individuals requiring care 2. Bend the knees or support (especially those with mobility issues), will 3. Keep back need to be assisted safely to move and transfer from straight one place to another. For example, from a bed to a 4. Lean slightly chair. Injuries can happen easily if methods used are forward to get a not carried out correctly. Manual handling legislation grip of the item requires the risk of injury to be reduced as far as 5. Lift smoothly. possible. Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (Amended 2002) What should manual handling training include? Key aspects Impact on care setting Information about risk factors and how/why injuries Avoid the need for Training must be can happen. manual handling as far provided for anyone Techniques for manual handling safely for tasks in as possible. who needs to carry out relation to an individuals place of work. manual handling as How to operate mechanical lifting aids, such as; Assess the injury risk part of their job role. hoists in a care home. for any manual Any manual handling Practical work to allow the trainer to identify any handling that is activities must be risk potential errors and provide advice and correct what unavoidable. assessed. the trainee is not doing safely. Employees must not Take action to reduce operate manual Revision idea: the risk of injury as far handling equipment Create a table with the headings as per the example as possible. unless they have been below. For each care setting write a list of situations trained to do so. where manual handling may be required. You will then Employers mush Reduced risk of injury. be able to used these as examples in an exam answer. provide information, Reduced need for staff training and to undertake manual Health Social Child Care supervision about safe handling unless Care Care manual handling. essential. Lifts should be planned and practiced before doing it for real.  Reporting of Dangerous Injuries, Diseases Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin, can be and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 sue to contact with an irritant or as a result of an allergic reaction. Symptoms include; itching, redness and in some cases blistering. This legislation is often known as RIDDOR, it is a legal Statutory duty – an obligation required by law requirement and requires employers to keep written records – something that has to be done. of and to report the following incidents to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Work related accidents that cause death. Work related accidents that cause serious injury, such as; Public Health England (PHE) aims to detect loss of sight, serous burns, crush injuries- causing organ possible outbreaks of disease and epidemics as damage, hypothermia or heat induced illness. quickly as possible. The ‘notification of infections Diagnosed cases of specific types of work related diseases, diseases’ is the term used to refer to the e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, asbestosis, ‘statutory duty’ to report notifiable diseases occupational dermatitis, occupations cancer, occupational under the the Health Protection (Notification) asthma, exposure to biological agents. Regulations 2010. Incidents that have a potential to cause harm – collapse of equipment, chemical spills and leaks, overflowing drains, gas Diseases and illnesses that are reportable leaks. are:  Anthrax Records of the following must be kept:  Food poisoning Any accident, occupational disease or dangerous occurrence  Hepatitis that requires reporting under RIDDOR.  Legionella / Legionnaire’s disease Any other occupational accident causing injuries that result  Malaria in a worker being away from work for or incapacitated for  Measles more than seven working days.  Meningitis  Salmonella An accident book should be used for any accident (even  Tetanus if not reportable). The following information must be  Tuberculosis (TB) recorded:  Typhoid Date, time and place of the event.  Typhus Details of those involved. Summary of what has happened. Exam tip: Learn the key aspects of RIDDOR so you can Details of injury/illness that resulted. use the correct terminology when answering exam questions. Keeping records enables employers to: Make sure you use the correct terminology in Collect information to help manage health and safety in their questions about the Data Protection Act – work place safely. Information can be used to aid risk assessment. learn the eight principles!  The Data Protection Civil Contingencies Act 2004 Act 1998 The Civil Contingencies Act (CCA) 2004 establishes a clear set of Care environments handle data al of the time roles and responsibilities for individuals involved in emergency in the form of; patient records, test results, preparation and response at a local level. It requires that care plans, staff employment records, organisations in the health system, including; emergency services, emails, phone calls are just some examples local authorities and other NHS bodies are prepared for adverse of this. events and incidents. The eight principles of the Data Protection There are a number of emergency situations that may affect Act (DPA) aim to ensure that the data is only organisations and its ability to maintain patients’, residents’ or used as it should be and share with only service users’ safety. For example an emergency may result in a authorised individuals who need to know and health care setting needing shelter for its staff and patients in that it is kept safe and secure. places of better safety or activating a full site evacuation. Incidents and events might include: The eight principles of the Act state An explosion of a suspect package that data should be: Extreme weather conditions  Processed fairly and lawfully Fire  Used only for the purposed for which it Flooding was intended Hazardous materials (hazmat) release – chemical, biological,  Adequate and relevant but not excessive radiation or nuclear.  Kept no longer than is necessary Major transport incident  Processed in line with eh rights of the Outbreak of an infectious disease individual. Pandemic influenza  Secured Power or utility failure Revision idea: to other countries outside  Not transferred The CCA requires Terrorist event NHS organisations and providers of NHS-funded Tryoftothe think EUof an example for each of the care, fire, police services and local authorities to show that they can eight DPA principles and what a GP surgery, deal with such incidents. They have to provide plans for their Care home and Nursery do to implement the response to a possible major incident and the Act requires Data Protection Act. organisations to carry out risk assessments and work together to plan their response to both local and national emergencies. Pandemic – When an outbreak of an Examples: infectious disease spreads over a wide Major incident plans geographic area, e.g. a whole country. It Plans for management of mass casualties affects a very high proportion of the Shelter and evacuation planning population. Fire, police or health service response plans Lockdown or controlled-access plan Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 This legislation is also known as COSHH. There are lots of hazardous What does COSHH cover? substances within care environments. For example; blood, urine, Storage, labelling and disposal of medication and cleaning materials. There is also hazardous waste like hazardous substances soiled bedding and used dressings in some care environments. Each work place must have a COSHH file which lists all of the COSHH 2002 regulations require employers to either prevent or reduce hazardous substances within that their workers’ exposure to substances that a re hazardous to their setting health. They have to protect both staff and service users from harm by COSHH files must be kept up to date making sure that potentially dangerous substances are safely stored or Medication and chemicals must be disposed of and that staff are properly trained to carry out the tasks. kept in their original containers Substances must be stored in a safe and secure place (i.e. locked cupboard) Containers must have appropriate safety lids or caps (i.e. push down to turn) What should be in the COSHH file? Hazardous substances identified and named Storage locations of hazardous substances Identify what the labels on hazardous substance containers mean Description of the effects of the hazardous substances Must state the maximum time it is safe to be exposed to the hazardous Exam Tip: substance Be able to list what should be in a Description of action to be taken to COSHH file! deal with an emergency involved Know examples of hazardous the hazardous substance. substances in health (hospital ward) and social care (residential home) and child care (nursery) environments.  Safeguarding – the measures that are taken to protect people’s Safeguarding health, wellbeing and rights, enabling them to be kept safe from harm, abuse and neglect. In health, social care and child care environment, Barred List – list of individuals on record as unsuitable for working practitioners must all be aware of the need for with children and vulnerable adults safeguarding. The need for safeguarding: Common safeguarding issues in adult care are: There are some individuals that are more at risk of Incorrect administration of medication, i.e. wrong dose, late abuse, maltreatment or neglect than others, i.e. they or inappropriate (e.g. sedatives) are more vulnerable, this includes individuals with; Pressure sores – those frail or reduced mobility are at risk on a learning difficulty their pressure points and if untreated can become deep and a physical disability infected – individuals like this should be repositioned a sensory impairment (blindness or deafness) regularly lack of mental capacity (comatose or dementia) Falls – individuals not risk assessed for risk of falls and / or looked after children (children in care) walking aids not provided Rough treatment – shouted at, rushed, ignored, man-handled These individuals might not want to, or be able to, Malnourished – appropriate food not provided for religions, report abuse or poor care for a number of different those who cannot chew or swallow properly or dietary needs reasons. For example; they are dependent on carers and Isolation – lack of social inclusion, no stimulation, activities or feel their treatment might get worse if they upset them. They might not understand their rights or even know opportunities to interact with others. Institutionalised care – routines , systems and regimes of an they are being abused or poorly treated. If trey have a sensory impairment, they may not be able to see or institution result in poor care or inadequate standards of care hear who is mistreating them. Service users in care and poor practice – i.e. people being forced to get up or go to environments may not have anyone they trust to talk to. bed at a certain time or being forced to eat All staff in health and social care or child care Physical abuse – could be between staff and residents or environments have a duty of care to report any between residents Safeguarding children involves: Financial abuse – staff inappropriately accepting gifts or theft concerns. Protecting children from maltreatment = physical, of personal Disclosure money and or possessions. Barring Service (DBS): psychological and emotional abuse DBS checks are a requirement for anyone aged 16 and over for Preventing impairment of children’s health and roles volunteering or working with children or vulnerable adults, development = education and physical health and including those applying to foster or adopt. It ensures people are well being sage to work or volunteer with children and vulnerable adults. There are three types of checks: Ensuring children grow up in a stable home with Standard – checks for criminal convictions, cautions, provision of safe and effective care – removal from reprimands and final warnings neglect or unstable/chaotic family life Enhanced – additional check of any information held by police relevant to the role being applied for Taking action to enable all children to have the best Enhanced with list checks – additionally checks the Barred outcomes – providing support for families, fostering or list adoption. On Staff: On Practices: Examples include: Safeguarding Activities and equipment are risk assessed. Protecting people form harm is a key role for all care workers and is supported by legislation. If staff not trained in manual handling – they should not The Care Act 2014 0 established new framework including attempt to lift or move individuals or operate lifting adult safeguarding. equipment – have to be risk assessed. He Children Act 204 – includes the paramountcy principle and encourages partnership work to protect children. Critical Points – where food contamination may happen - Working Together to Safeguard Children 2015 provides identified and control measures put in place. guidance on statutory inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. COSHH file – kept and regularly updated. Health and Safety: Wok-related injuries, accidents and diseases where Legislation requires employers have a responsibility for safety appropriate – reported according to RIDDOR regulations. for themselves and others. They need to: Follow systems in place for safety at work. Regular fire drills will take place, ensuring everyone knows Co-operate with employer on health and safety matters. what to do in case of emergency Inform employer if any hazards are identified. Take care to ensure that their activities are not a risk to others Principles for Data Protection implemented – ensuring the or put others at risk. safety and security of patient records. Training: Staff provided for with appropriate training for their role. Employees are required to participate in training relevant to Managers develop policies, for example; health and safety, their job – giving them relevant skills and knowledge to perform safeguarding and fire procedures. their duties. For example, training in: data protection, health and safety, Managers will ensure that staffing levels are safer in a care Influence of safeguarding, child protection, food safety, manual handling home and adequate child-to-teacher ratios in a school or and completing the Care Certificate. Legislation nursery. On Premises: All health, social care and child care environments must maintain high levels of hygiene in all aspects of care. Any care setting providing food – must comply with food hygiene regulations and regularly checked by environmental health inspectors. Risk assessments – for all activities and equipment must be carried out, ensuring safety for all who work in or use the setting Health and safety law requires fire exits must be kept clear and are well signposted; fire extinguishers should be available by exits, fire blankets in kitchens, special evacuation equipment available if needed (depending on setting , examples – evac chairs, visual and audio alarms). The Equality Act 2010 – adaptations should be made to provide access for those with disabilities. For example, automated doors, disabled parking,, doorways wide enough for wheelchairs, ramps, lowered reception area etc.  Implementation of Policies and Procedures Health and safety management systems: Five steps for carrying out a risk assessment: HSE steps to effectively manage health and safety are: 1. Look for hazards associated with the activity. Leadership and the setting of standards by 2. Identify who might be harmed and how. management. 3. Consider level of risk - decide on the precautions Trained employees. Trusting and supportive environment. or control measures needed to reduce the risk. Understanding of the risks of specific to a particular 4. Written record of findings made. workplace. 5. Review the risk assessment regularly – improve Work hazards and risk controls (risk assessment) precautions or control measures if required. Having effective controls in place protects workers from workplace hazards. Help avoid injuries, illnesses, and incidents, minimise or eliminate safety and health risks – help employers provide workers with healthy and safe Importance of Risk Assessment : working conditions. Legal requirement in settings with more than 5 employees – they must be recorded. Reasons for Risk Assessments Purpose to reduce risk of harm to service users, visitors Legal requirement under Health and Safety at Work Act – and staff. written record provides evidence that that the risk Staff identify potential hazards by taking a walk around assessments have been carried out. the setting looking for things that may cause harm to Staff, service users and visitors – right to be protected patients, small children or staff – for example faulty and kept safe from harm. electrical equipment. Assessment check what could cause harm to people Potential hazards in the setting are identified, action using the care setting. must be taken so accidents and harm are avoided and Assessments preventing illness, accidents and danger. control measures put in place. Staff, service users and visitors feel confident using the Policies: Health, social care and early years settings have policies service and knowing risk assessments are carried out. in place – this are plans that outline the policy purpose and the instructions for carrying out the necessary Purpose of Risk Assessment: Check equipment is safe and fit for purpose. actions to achieve its aim of keeping service users safe Ensure the building and care setting is safe and promoting their rights. Policies ensure that the care setting is complying with Identify potential dangers, e.g. trip hazards or risky the legislation requirements. activities. Procedures provide a step by step guide of how to Work out what could go wrong with an activity. Assess how much supervision is needed. complete a task or implement a policy. For example, Fire Identify ways of controlling and minimising risks. Safety, Asbestos – Duty to Manage, Transport , Food Ensure planned trips or visits are safe to proceed. Safety, and Electrical Safety. Fire: Transport: All care settings are legally required to a fire The policy covers the maintenance and safety o f vehicles emergency evacuation plan. It depends on the setting used, like a mini bus for school trips or care home outings and will be different depending if it is a hospital, care etc. home or school and some may require more support Procedures include: than others. Appropriate insurance, licensed driver. PEEPS – Personal Emergency Evacuation Plans may be Service and maintenance up to date. needed for those with dementia, poor mobility or Seatbelts fitted and working. sensory impairment. Children will need more Parental consent for trips/outings in a school/nursery. reassurance and kept supervised and calm. Visits are risk assessed and control measures in place (traffic, weather, medical emergency etc.) Regular fire drills and testing of fire alarms making sure Contingency plans for delay or breakdowns. they can be heard throughout the setting. First aid provision Emergency contact details – phone numbers, money etc. Fire escape routes must be kept clear, staff given Impact of poor or excessively hot weather. specific roles to support the evacuation process, such as Supervision – staff to student/resident ratio (this will marshalling or helping those needing help to leave the depend on age, ability etc.) building. Procedure Examples: Asbestos: Duty to Manage: Electrical Safety: Can be found in any building built before the year Electrical appliances, belonging to the residents in the care 2000. The HSE reports that it causes 5000 deaths home or the home itself have to be maintained and checked every year (lung cancer). to make sure they are safe. Anyone who is a building owner – has a duty to manage any asbestos in the building. Examples- what’s covered: The duty covers public buildings such as; leisure Portable electrical equipment should be tested regularly (PAT centres, hospitals, religious buildings and schools. testing) ‘Duty to Manage’ responsibility holders have to: Staff make frequent visual checks for: damage to cables, Find out if asbestos is present. damage to plugs, broken socket covers, damage or worn Record the location, type and condition of the equipment, no use of extension cables, no overloading of asbestos. sockets. Asses the risk of anyone being exposed to the asbestos. Exam tips: How to report Know damage examples and to whom.for above and Child Prepare a plan – how to manage these risks. Protection, food safety, chemical and biological health Action the plan – monitor and keep it updated. hazards, disposal of hazardous waste, storage and dispensing Provide this information to anyone who might work on of medicine, security, lone working procedures and security or disturb the asbestos. procedures.  LO3: Roles and responsibilities involved in health, safety and security in health, social care and child care environments. ROLES: Roles involved in health, safety and security in health, social care and child care environments include; Employers: Ensure compliance with the health and safety legislation and must provide a safe place to work with training requirements, safety equipment etc. NHS: Role is to provide secure environments, healthy to work in and visit. Must provide staff with training information and supervision to carry our work safely. Local Authority: There are 2 roles – both promoting and enforcing health and safety. Promote health and safety – local authorities provide guidance and raise awareness of health and safety in health and social care settings – providing information about roles and responsibilities. Enforce health and safety standards – local authorities can carry out inspections and make recommendations for improvements. They can send advisory letters, re-inspect or prosecute if adequate standards are not met. Care Manager: Must develop, review and update the policies and procedures for health and safety. Ensure effective safe systems for reporting and recording and investigating accidents, injuries and incidents under RIDDOR. Headteacher and Governors: Oversight and management roles to ensure safeguarding to protect the welfare of staff, students, visitors to the school site and all activities taking place are healthy, safe and secure. Third Sector: Charitable organisations – have a role to play in safeguarding and promoting health, safety and security for their employees as well as individuals who require support. For example; Barnardo’s, MIND, Age UK, Childline and Mencap. Employees: Use safe working practices to maintain the safety of themselves and others’, attend health and safety training, use PPE provided and report any hazards / incidents in the workplace. Individuals who require care and support: Follow any health, safety and security instructions provided verbally by staff. For example in an emergency evacuation practice, safety signs like, ‘wet floor’ signs or ‘no smoking’/ They should report any hazards they become aware of. Responsibilities : Employers Employees Promoting health and safety policies: Using equipment or substances: Ensuring all relevant health and safety policies are in Only used in accordance to training and guidance. place. Taking care of themselves and those around them. Ensuring all staff are aware of their responsibilities as Cooperating with and wearing PPE as required and stated in relevant policies. provided. Ensuring health and safety training is in provided. Not tampering / misusing equipment provided to Ensuring appropriate staff are recruited, i.e. DBS meet health and safety regulations. For example, checked, appropriate qualifications and/or experience. fire extinguishers. Maintaining health and safety policies: Reporting serious or imminent danger: Keeping up to date with legislation. Immediately communicating hazards and anything Policies updated regularly. dangerous to the employer. All accidents and incidents are recorded and following Implementing safeguarding procedures. up. Providing induction for new staff. Reporting shortcomings: Ongoing training provided. Must report any shortcomings in health and safety Checking the setting for health and safety issues – arrangements or procedures. carrying out risk assessments, safety walks etc. Individuals who require care and support Staff supervision. Understanding health and safety policies: Participating in fire evacuation drills. Enforcing health and safety policies: Reporting any hazards they are aware of. Regular fire drill practice evacuations. Cooperating with safety instructions and risk Ongoing monitoring, supervision and training. assessments. Managing response to external checks, i.e. CQC or Ofsted inspections. Monitoring – policies for staff ratios, levels of supervision and working hours are being complied with. Remember it is not just Implementing Exam Tips: disciplinary procedures when required. the responsibility of Use all your knowledge from the different parts of the management and staff specification in particular hazards, legislation, risk assessments and safeguarding to answer questions – it is everyone's! about roles and responsibilities for health, safety and security in hall types of care settings. LO4: Responding to incidents and emergencies in a health, social care and child care environment. Incidents and emergencies: There are many types of accidents, incidents and Reporting of accidents and incidents: emergencies that occur in health, social care and childcare It is a legal requirement for certain injuries, accidents environments. (refer back to hazards in LO1) and diseases to be recorded and reported to the HSE Exposure to hazardous substances or chemicals – refer under RIDDOR regulations. (refer back to LO2 KO) to COSHH – info on LO2 KO. It is good practice to record all accidents this can Some incidents require evacuation of a premises. inform future risk assessments in order to improve Other accidents causing injury – may require first aid future safety standards. treatment at the setting or an ambulance to take them For other incidents, like aggressive or drunken for appropriate treatment in hospital. encounters, the police will need to be informed or, for a safeguarding issue, social services may need to be First Aid provision should be available in all settings under notified. the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations. First aid Floods, loss of water supply need to be reported to requirements for employers are to; the water board. In case of a leak, a plumber would  Carry out risk assessments to identify the level of first be called. aid provision required. Any situation when the setting may need to be closed  Provide appropriate first aid equipment and facilities. – families, parents or other contacts of the service  Train and appoint staff to give first aid – if employees Evacuation procedures:(For fire procedures refer to users would need to be informed. info in LO2). fall ill or get injured at work.  Have an effective method to record accidents or Other incidents that are similar and follow the same evaluation procedures as fire include; incidents that require first aid intervention. Gas leak.  Provide and adequate number of first aiders for the Flood. number of individuals in the setting. Bomb threat. Aggressive & dangerous encounters and unauthorized access. All of the above require the setting to be evacuated Aggressive and dangerous encounters and unauthorized swiftly and efficiently to keep people safe. access could be due to individuals being under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or having mental health In the rare event of a firearms or weapon attack, the issues. They may be burglars or dissatisfied service users. government has provided advice on how individuals can The correct response needs to include; keep themselves safe. Information can be found in leaflets, posters and YouTube videos. Being calm. Run – if you can. Speaking clearly and firmly – asking them to leave. Hide – if you can’t run away, and Alerting other staff. Tell – the police when it is safe to do so. Keeping service users/residents/children away from incidents. Care settings are encouraged to ensure they raise Calling the police – if they refuse to leave and persist. awareness of this advice sensitively, particularly with First Aider Responsibilities: First aid is the initial treatment for a person who has 4. Maintain respect and dignity: had an accident or is suddenly taken ill. The purpose of Send spectators’ away. a first can be summarized as the ‘Three P’s’. Cover body parts to maintain dignity. Preserve life. Prevent further injury. 5. Get help: Promote recovery. Request the appropriate level of help. For example call 999 if a medical emergency, or call a doctor, parents or relatives. How are the ‘Three P’s’ carried out? First aiders have six responsibilities – which address the ‘Three P’s’ 6. Stay with the individual: Use a calm and confident voice. 1. Assess for danger: Don’t speak too quickly. Look around – check the areas around the casualty Say help is on the way. for any risks or possible dangers. For example; Make eye contact. moving traffic nearby, boiling water, electrical Get down to their level. current, chemicals, broken glass, fire etc. 2. Keeping yourself and the area safe: A written record of the incident should be made so Quickly remove any hazards, without putting relatives can be informed of what has happened. yourself in danger. For example – moving a sharp Records also provide relevant facts that can inform knife or fallen char , switching off a cooker or socket. investigations of incidents that may take place later on. In a car accident making sure the ignition is off to reduce the risk of a spark causing a fire. Exam Tips: If asked to identify an appropriate action and 3. Prevent further harm: explain the reasons for taking it, you must make Key signs to check are; sure that you give only one action. If you list  Are they conscious? several actions and you will not achieve full  Is their airway open?  Do they have a pulse? marks on the question – because the instruction is one action and explanation – read the Administer appropriate emergency aid for the injury. questions carefully! For example – immersing the burned area in cold water, cleaning and dressing a graze, placing an Make sure you know all six of the first aider unconscious person in the recovery position if safe to responsibilities and you are able to give do so. Only attempt what you know can be done examples of actions for each one.