Unit 3 Culture BB.pptx

Unit 3 CULTURE WHAT WILL I LEARN UNDERSTAND CULTURE • Define culture and examine different features • Analyze the influence of cultural values, symbols, language, beliefs, norms and traditions OF CULTURE ELEMENTS • Subcultures and Countercultures • Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism • Multicult...

Unit 3 CULTURE WHAT WILL I LEARN UNDERSTAND CULTURE • Define culture and examine different features • Analyze the influence of cultural values, symbols, language, beliefs, norms and traditions OF CULTURE ELEMENTS • Subcultures and Countercultures • Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism • Multiculturalism CHAPTER 3 What is Culture? 01 Shared set of values, beliefs, rules, behavior, objects and language 02 Learned 03 Passed on from one generat ion to the next 04 Socially transmitt ed and reinforce d 05 Used by people to make sense of the world the sum total of the social environment in which we are raised and continue to be socialized in throughout our A METAPHOR FOR CULTURE Onions have layers ogres have layers COMPONENTS OF CULTURE Iceberg Metaphor 25% Visible MATERIAL CULTURE The physical artifacts and objects found in culture. The tangible part of culture that you can see, hear, taste and touch. NONMATERIAL CULTURE 75% Invisible The intangible and abstract components of culture including symbolic culture, values, norms, sanctions and beliefs. These are aspects of culture that lack a physical existence. Some examples include ways of talking, song lyrics, forms of behavior. COMPONENTS OF CULTURE MATERIAL CULTURE . SYMBOLS An object, image or event used to meaningfully represent something VALUES Beliefs about ideal goals and behavior that serve as standards for social life NONMATERIAL CULTURE NORMS The rules and expectations by which a society guides the behaviour of its members SANCTIONS Rewards for adhering to a norm and punishment for violating a norm NONMATERIAL CULTURE: SYMBOLS An object, image or event used to meaningfully represent something SHARED SENSE OF UNDERSTANDING MEANING CAN VARY ACROSS TIME MEANING CAN VARY ACROSS CONTEXTS INDIGEOUS PEOPLE : SYMBOLISM SYMBOLS: SHARED UNDERSTANDING  Depend on shared meaning of cultural customs and symbols for communication SYMBOLS: SHARED UNDERSTANDING SYMBOLS: SHARED UNDERSTANDING SYMBOLS: SHARED UNDERSTANDING SYMBOLS: SHARED UNDERSTANDING SYMBOLS: SHARED UNDERSTANDING SYMBOLS: SHARED UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE VIDEO FOR THIS UNIT Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis     Why Indigenous Languages Matter and What We Can Do to Save Them | Lindsay Morcom Language provides a way of thinking about the world This way of thinking reflects cultural values It influences the way we see the world Languages shape and reflect the reality of cultures VALUES- RIGHT OR WRONG? Steal collectively shared ideas about what is right or wrong from a store – RIGHT OR WRONG? To lie RIGHT OR WRONG? NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS DEFINITION The rules and expectations by which a society guides the behaviour of its members DEFINITION DEFINITION The rules of behaviour that tell you what is appropriate and inappropriate Expectations of how we are suppose to act, think and look that are maintained by sanctions NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS TYPES OF NORMS WRITTEN/ UNWRITTEN FORMAL (written down) INFORMAL (unwritten) SHOULD/ SHOULDN’T LEVEL OF IMPORTANCE PRESCRIPTIVE (should) MORES (important) PROSCRIPTIVE (should not) FOLKWAYS (not so important) NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS FORMAL NORMS  FORMAL NORMS are written down and involve specific sanctions EXAMPLES Law Policy Break the Law Specific Punishmen t like jail or fine Follow policies Rewarded with promotion or bonus NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS PRESCRIPTIVE NORMS Rules about behaviour that is appropriate or acceptable and that we are expected to do You should… Say Hello NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS PROSCRIPTIVE NORMS Rules about behaviour that is inappropriate or unacceptable You should not… PROSCRIPTIVE NORMS  Social Norms NC 2010 - Student Assignment A. Break a proscriptive (informal/folkway) norm. YouTube B. Observe and record sanctions. Proscriptive Norm- You shouldn’t hug strangers 1. What level of coercion was needed to get people to violate this norm? 2. What type of sanctions did the students encounter? NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS TYPES OF NORMS WRITTEN/ UNWRITTEN FORMAL (written down) INFORMAL (unwritten) SHOULD/ SHOULDN’T LEVEL OF IMPORTANCE PRESCRIPTIVE (should) MORES (important) PROSCRIPTIVE (should not) FOLKWAYS (not so important) NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS    Social norms that are widely observed and determine what is considered morally acceptable or unacceptable Sanctions for violating mores is far more severe than violating folkway E.g. Taboos against incest, cannibalism, adultery, plagarism MORES NONMATERIAL CULTURE: NORMS Informal norms that are based on socially accepted behaviour.  Folkways often involve etiquette and manners  Informal sanctions like expressions of disapproval e.g. frowning, ignoring, belittling, shaming , “shhhh”-ing, laughing, ridiculing, shunning  FOLKWAYS COMPONENTS OF CULTURE MATERIAL CULTURE . SYMBOLS An object, image or event used to meaningfully represent something VALUES Beliefs about ideal goals and behavior that serve as standards for social life NONMATERIAL CULTURE NORMS The rules and expectations by which a society guides the behaviour of its members SANCTIONS Rewards for adhering to a norm and punishment for violating a norm NORMS ENFORCED THROUGH SANCTIONS TYPE Positive Sanctions (Rewards) Negative Sanctions (Punishment) Formal Norms Salary bonus Medal Diploma Informal Norms Smile Compliment Cheers Demotion Firing Ticket Jail sentence Expulsion Frown Humiliation Belittling Ostracize/ Shun WHAT WILL I LEARN UNDERSTAND CULTURE ELEMENTS OF CULTURE 1. Cultural Universals, Innovation, Diffusion and Globalization 2. Subcultures and Countercultures 3. Cultural Shock, Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, Xenocentrism 4. Canadian Culture and Multiculturalism CHAPTER 3 CULTURAL UNIVERSALS • Practices found in almost every culture • Examples: language, sports, religious ceremonies, ritual gift giving, laws, music Practices are universal but context varies. INNOVATION • Humans are creative. • New technologies and products are constantly being produced. Innovations can have significant cultural impacts World’s first machine to fuse radiation and highresolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Targets tumours and monitor their response to radiation with unprecedented precision – even as a tumour moves. DIFFUSION AND GLOBALIZATION DIFFUSION- When cultural items or practices are transmitted from one group to another GLOBALIZATION- worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements etc… has accelerated cultural diffusion Pokemon and Pokemon Go illustrate how globalization influences diffusion. These EXAMPLES Canadians are playing Pokemon Go (a Japanese creation) in Winnipeg DIFFUSION AND GLOBALIZATION DIFFUSION- When cultural items or practices are transmitted from one group to another GLOBALIZATION- worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements etc… has accelerated cultural diffusion EXAMPLES SUBCULTURES  A segment of a culture that has characteristics that distinguish it from the broader culture.  Has its own distinctive values, norms, and behavioursIndividuals can belong to more than one subculture at a time  Examples are religious groups and ethnic groups EXAMPLES SUBCULTURES ARGOTspecialized language that distinguishes a subculture from the wider society EXAMPLES SUBCULTURES PRISON ARGOTspecialized language that distinguishes a subculture from the wider society 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. FishGo BoyMuleSkin fanScrewsShankWolf- EXAMPLES Taken from Serge LeClerc , Untwisted COUNTERCULTURES A COUNTERCULTURE is • a subculture that rejects conventional norms and values and adopts alternatives . • Nonconformists- at odds with the larger society EXAMPLES CULTURE SHOCK A feeling of uncertainty and disorientation when we encounter new or different cultural practices EXAMPLES ETHNOCENTRISM The tendency to evaluate other cultures based on our own cultural lens Seeing one’s own culture as superior to others EXAMPLES CULTURAL RELATIVISM DEFINITION The attempt to understand cultures on their own terms Attempting to understand why cultural practices exist rather than judging them Understanding does not necessarily involve supporting or agreeing with the cultural practice PRACTISING CULTURAL RELATIVISM Our perception is often tied to our cultural understanding and upbringing and can vary by place, time and context. FOOD PET EXAMPLES PEST XENOCENTRISM A preference for a culture other than one’s own. For example, the assumption that products produced in other countries are always superior to domestic products EXAMPLES MULTICULTURALISM DIVERSITY is a central aspect of Canadian society MULTICULTURALISM is considered an important part of Canadian identity. It is protected in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Multiculturalism Act (1985) Mandates equality before the law EXAMPLES Protects people from discrimination Protects language rights Allows people to practice any religion Allows people to maintain their ethnic and social identities KEY POINTS UNIT THREE 01 Culture is learned. Each culture follows norms that are passed generationally. These are instilled and enforced through positive and negative sanctions. 02 Material culture includes all physical objects that a society creates and uses. Nonmaterial culture includes the values, beliefs, norms and sanctions of any given group. 03 04 05 Cultural universals are the practices known in every human culture although they can vary. Cultures expand through innovation, diffusion and globalization. Both subcultures and countercultures exist in every society. Ethnocentrism can lead to prejudice and discrimination. We should attempt to practice cultural relativism in order to increase understanding. Unit 4 SOCIALIZATION