Unit 2 Revision Guide PDF

Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content...

Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Key roles in healthcare Healthcare roles are positions in organisations such as hospitals and surgeries. Roles have responsibilities that are carried out by people in their day-to-day duties. Here are six key roles in healthcare. Doctors (GPs) care Nurses are trained to provide medical wo rk carry out medical for patients. They Specialist doctors their level of and local duties at mainly in surgeries have expert training in seniority and specialism, ey: communities. Th particular areas. They work mainly in hospitals, surgeries, diagnose, treat, mainly in hospitals and clinics and homes. ent illness clinics. They: monitor and prev Specialisms include hospital provide prescrip tions diagnose, treat, critical care nursing, cardiac for treatme nt an d ar ra nge monitor and prevent illness nursing, surgical care and preventa tiv e ca re , su ch as in specialist areas, such as oncology nursing. Nurses: cardiology (heart), oncology flu immunisation monitor and care for other (cancer), paediatrics (children) chronic and acute refer patients to and geriatrics (elderly) the daily health profes sio na ls, su ch medical needs of patients ist do ct or s an d liaise with other as special support doctors professionals, such as therapists. in giving treatment and nurses, to carry out prescribed drugs treatment in hospital work to restore health contribute to teams for and wellbeing. ongoing patient care. Midwives work mainly Occupational in hospital maternity therapists facilita units, clinics and homes. recovery and ov te Healthcare ercome They: assistants are practical barrier s. They work mainly in hospita monitor the prenatal trained to help with daily ls, clinics, residential care development and health of personal care and to and homes. They: mothers and babies support wellbeing. They work mainly in hospitals, clinics, identif y issues pe help deliver babies ople residential care and homes. may have in ever yday life, provide postnatal care, They: such as with dres supporting mothers, babies sing, work under the guidance shopping or work and families after the birth. ing of qua lified professionals, help people to wo rk out such as nurses or doctors practical solutio ns. meet care needs, such as washing, toileting, making beds, feeding and mobility Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. monitor health by taking temperature, pulse, respiration rate and weight. Describe two differences between the role of a healthcare assistant and the role of a nurse. Midwives are trained to support Consider the level of practical help mothers during pregnancy, childbirt or h specialist care and support that and the first 28 days of a baby’s people life. in these roles are trained to give. 56 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Healthcare settings Healthcare workers carry out their roles in four main settings. GP surgeries and local health centres Hospitals Patients go here first when they need medical Patients go here for treatment that a GP advice. cannot give. It is where operations are Doctors diagnose the patient’s illness. They carried out, and Accident and Emergency may issue a prescription for medication or refer (A&E) departments and some walk-in centres patients to other services. are located. Nurses might carry out treatment or health Patients are referred by their GPs to screening, or take blood tests. specialist medical teams. Specialist doctors (consultants) may issue a prescription for specialist medication or refer patients to surgeons for operations. Healthcare settings Clinics Home Patients go here to be treated for specific This is where care is provided for housebound medical conditions. people or those who are recovering from medical Patients are referred by their GPs to treatment such as an operation. specialist clinics based in hospitals and in Most people prefer to recover at home and some the community. who are dying prefer to be nursed at home. Trained personnel, including doctors and Care may be provided at home for births. nurses, work in clinics. Patients are treated at home by community-based nursing and midwifery staff. Doctors carry out home visits when necessary. Settings and treatment A patient attends an appointment at their GP surgery to report pains in their chest. The doctor asks questions and might use equipment to help them diagnose the problem. The doctor refers the patient to a clinic at the hospital, where the patient is seen by a specialist / consultant. The specialist/consultant decides that, at this stage, an operation is not necessary but they prescribe medication to control the heart rate. Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. After one month of taking the medication, the patient has an appointment A GP uses a stethoscope with a nurse at their GP surgery. The nurse checks their progress and the to measure the patient’s patient might need another appointment with the doctor. heart rate. You need to know where services and treatment are provided. Write an example scenario showing the healthcare settings that might be involved in diagnosis, treatment and recovery of a patient with appendicitis. Links Look at page 56 to revise healthcare roles. 57 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Key roles in social care Social care roles are positions in organisations such as social care services. The roles and training for social care are different from those for healthcare. Here are five key roles in social care. Social workers A care manager are is trained to help a responsible for range of people wide th e of all ages to day-to-day running Care assistants are find solutions to of a residential care setting. Ca re settings trained to help people of They work mainly their problems. include hospices, supported all ages who need care to carry centres, homes in social care housing and home s for people out their day-to-day routines, in and clinics. They : who need nursing or help with homes, day care centres and protect vulnerable pe op le day-to-day living residential care. They: from harm or abus , who have e conditions such as dementia or meet personal needs, such help people to liv e who are disabled. independently Care managers: as was hing, toileting, dressing recruit and mana ge staff and feeding support children who live control the budg assist in monitoring health apart from their et families, and support their fo are responsible and wellbeing, by liaising with ster carers and for ensuring adopters that the service other professionals s in the care setting meet Na help with transport, help people with tional Care mental health problems, Standards household tasks and taking learning disabilities or ph put policies and people shopping. ysical disabilities procedures support refugee in place and make s and asylum sure they are seekers adhered to. help people with alcohol, drug or substanc e misuse problems, and yo ung offenders. Youth workers help the personal, social and Support workers provide educational growth of people care support to a range of aged 11–25, to help them reach service users in homes, centres y their full potential in society. The and residential care, supporting wor k main ly in yout h cen tres, other social care workers. They: schools and colleges. They: vary their duties depending manage and administer youth on the needs and wishes of the and community projects and individual resources support individuals’ overall monitor and review the comfort and wellbeing, under quality of local youth work supervision of professionals provision, and work with families help people who need and carers care and support to live as support individuals in other independently as possible, settings, including outreach also working with families. Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. work relating to drinking, drugs, smoking, violence and relationships. One role of support workers is to help people with their day-to-day living. This includes enabling people with learning and physical difficulties to prepare food. You must mention two different types of people with Identify two different types of people who might receive support from social workers. contrasting needs. 58 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Social care settings There are three main settings where social care workers carry out their roles. Residential care settings These are settings where people who can’t be cared for at home, or who feel that they can no longer cope with living on their own, are looked after. They may provide full-time or temporary respite care to give a break to carers, or those who struggle living on their own. Social care workers provide residents with personal care, such as washing, toileting and dressing. It is important for the wellbeing of Social care settings people who live in residential care settings that care workers provide s activities to keep residents’ mind and bodies stimulated. Domiciliary care Daycare centres Social care workers provide care for These are used by older people people in their own home. and those with physical and learning Care workers help people lead their daily disabilities. lives by supporting their independence. They provide respite care. Social care workers might help people with Social care workers might take part in shopping, cleaning and transport, such as leisure activities with people attending. taking them to a doctor’s appointment. Social care workers can provide carers with a short break from their duties. Benefits for people in residential Difficulties for people in care residential care Trained staff meet people’s needs and support Social care workers have to support people to them. overcome the difficulties of residential care: Specialist support is available for those with losing some or all of their independence more complex care needs. reluctance to leave their own homes Companionship is provided by other residents isolation from friends and relations Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. and staff. cost of care. A range of stimulating activities is offered. Alicia is 82, housebound and very frail. Her daughter, Magenta, is 62 and provides some of her care. She is supported by three care assistants who help to provide personal care for Alicia. Read the scenario and question Describe two ways that respite care is provided for people like carefully. Here, your answer must be Magenta who provide care for family members. about Magenta, not her mother, Alicia. 59 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Responsibilities in healthcare You need to understand the day-to-day responsibilities of people who work in healthcare settings. One responsibility they all have in common is the need to follow policies and procedures in the healthcare settings in which they work. Responsibilities of healthcare professionals Role Key medical responsibilities Key non-medical responsibilities Doctors and Diagnosing illness Creating and maintaining relationships of specialist Prescribing treatment to promote trust with patients doctors healing and recovery Observing, listening, responding Referring patients to specialists Maintaining patient records Liaising with multidisciplinary teams Maintaining confidentiality Acting in accordance with legislation Nurses Observing condition of patients Providing care and counselling Administering drugs and injections Helping with recovery and rehabilitation Carrying out routine investigations Writing patient care plans Preparing patients for operations Planning patient discharge from hospital Acting as a patient advocate Midwives Diagnosing, monitoring and examining Preparing and reviewing patient care pregnant women plans Providing antenatal care, including Arranging and/or providing parenting and screening tests health education Assisting during labour Providing support and advice on the Supervising pain management care of newborn babies Providing support and advice following miscarriage, termination or neonatal death Liaising with other agencies to ensure continuity of care Healthcare Monitoring patient conditions by taking Washing and dressing patients assistants temperature Helping with patient mobility pulse Supporting day-to-day routines respiration rate Talking to patients working under the direction of nursing staff Taking blood samples Carrying out health checks Supporting and delivering health education Weighing patients Occupational Being aware of acute medical conditions Advising on specialist equipment to therapists and how to overcome them in contexts assist with daily activities Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. such as Accident and Emergency (A&E) Advising on home and workplace and acute medicine alterations, e.g. wheelchair access Assisting people to return to work Coaching people with learning difficulties, e.g. in handling money Enabling rehabilitation Organising support and rehabilitation groups for carers and clients Consider these two roles and the different service users Explain how the responsibilities of a nurse and a midwife may differ. they may care for and support. 60 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Responsibilities in social care You need to understand the day-to-day responsibilities of people who work in social care settings. They all have to follow policies and procedures in the social care setting in which they work. Responsibilities of social care professionals Role Key responsibilities Key skills, qualities and tasks Care Day-to-day running of residential care Creating and maintaining relationships of managers settings trust with residents Supervising work of care assistants Maintaining accurate resident records Ensuring quality of care meets Observing, listening and responding to standards and adheres to relevant resident concerns legislation Maintaining confidentiality Ensuring suitable staff are available Care Providing appropriate daily personal Working in different care settings assistants care Observing and reporting changes in Carrying out general household tasks health and wellbeing of service user Carrying out other routine roles as Making service user feel at ease required by supervisor or service user Maintaining confidentiality Liaising with other health and care professionals Social Managing a designated case load Preparing and reviewing case files of workers Maintaining professional registration clients Working within regulatory guidelines Taking difficult decisions Keeping informed of changes in policy Working with a variety of service users and procedure of different ages Liaising with other agencies, e.g. the Ensuring continuity of care police for vulnerable children Youth Demonstrating values which underpin Working across different sectors, workers youth work including care and criminal justice and Completing a background check with the in public, private and voluntary sector disclosure and barring service organisations Continuing professional development Developing projects with schools and other organisations, such as debates Acting as a mentor to young people about elections or capital punishment Offering advice on topics such as sexual health using language which is accessible to young people Support Following the instructions of health and workers care professionals Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. People who provide social or Implementing care plans agreed with personal care often work with social workers people who have had healthcare Supporting members of families who or who continue to need it. provide care with parenting, financial or domestic skills Link your answer to a social worker ’s knowledge. Consider the decisions that they may need to make in different Explain the skills required by a social worker. contexts, and what they may need to do to comply with current legislation and relevant policies and procedures. 61 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Supporting routines Supporting the day-to-day routines of service users by meeting their needs ensures that their independence remains paramount. Supporting people with a physical disability Where? How? Home By ensuring that… the person has access to all rooms at home, e.g. no stairs or a stair lift facilities are within reach and not at floor level, e.g. electrical sockets if necessary, hoists are available in bedrooms and bathrooms. Educational By ensuring that… setting service users can access classrooms and laboratories, e.g. minimum door width requirements accommodate wheelchair users disabled children have access to play and exercise facilities the curriculum is adapted to meet their needs, e.g. language used in lessons should respect the dignity of people with disabilities. Work By providing… awareness training for work colleagues a support worker to help the person in the workplace extra time, if necessary, to complete work tasks. Leisure By providing… setting accessible changing facilities suitable signage, e.g. in Braille for people with a visual impairment access to adapted seating and spaces for elevated wheelchair viewing. Following policies Daily responsibilities of workers in health and procedures in and social care settings work settings Providing equipment and Providing personal Policies and procedures are in Following policies adaptations to support people care, including place to: and procedures to be more independent washing, feeding, in place in their ensure the health and safety work setting toileting of service users and health and social care workers support the day-to-day Healing and Responsibilities supporting routines of service users include... Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. recovery Enabling enable the needs and rehabilitation preferences of service users to be met Assessment and care and Supporting routines of service users, support planning, involving including daily family life, education, promote independence service users and their families employment and leisure activities among service users. Corinne’s employer could provide disability awareness training Corinne works for an international bank and travels extensively for for her co-workers, so that work. She uses a wheelchair. the effects of her disability are Describe two ways in which Corinne’s employer can ensure that access minimised at work. Give two more to her workplace minimises the effects of her disability. examples. 62 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Anti-discriminatory practice It is the responsibility of people who work in health and social care settings to promote anti- discriminatory practice by implementing codes of practice and policies that identify and challenge discrimination. The care needs of all service users must be equally met. Identifying discrimination Types of discrimination Discrimination is where someone: Direct discrimination: treating someone is treated unfairly because of who they are worse, differently or less favourably because of their characteristics. Examples is treated unequally because of who they are include harassment (e.g. receiving abusive experiences prejudice that has been put into comments) and victimisation (e.g. being practice. treated badly because you complained). Indirect discrimination: when an Leaflets in many organisation’s practices, policies or rules Accessible Access to languages signage buildings have a worse effect on some people than others. An example is pregnancy and maternity discrimination, if pregnant women or new mothers are treated unfairly or are disadvantaged. Examples of anti- discriminatory practice Action against discrimination in health and social care Where people have a protected characteristic, it is possible to do something voluntarily to help them. This is called ‘positive action’ and may take Longer appointments place if they: Policies such as anti- for people with learning are at a disadvantage bullying in schools disabilities have particular needs are under-represented in a type of work or activity. Equality Act 2010 The Equality Act 2010 protects Gender and gender people from discrimination by: Age reassignment Pregnancy and employers maternity health and care providers, such as hospitals and care homes schools, colleges and other education providers Sexual Characteristics Religion and transport services, such as orientation protected by the beliefs buses, trains and taxis Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Equality Act 2010 public bodies such as government departments and local authorities. All types of discrimination are illegal, Race although positive action is allowed in Marital or civil Disability partnership certain clearly defined circumstances. status For example, if a person who uses a wheelchair hears derogatory language about disabled people, this is direct Identify one type of direct discrimination discrimination. If they are unable to access a service because and one type of indirect discrimination. there is no ramp, this is indirect discrimination. Now identify your own examples. 63 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Adapting provision of services Challenging discrimination is an important part of the work of people in health and social care settings. This includes adapting how services are provided for different types of service users. Ensuring access There are different ways to ensure access and adapt services to accommodate user needs, including varying forms of communication and physical adaptations. Here are some examples. Service user Examples of anti-discriminatory practices Traveller Enable access to GP services at new locations Ensure that hostile language is not used Transgender person Use gender terminology which is acceptable to the service user Recognise any associated mental health issues Person with hearing Provide hearing loops in GP surgeries impairment Use British Sign Language to communicate Asylum seeker Provide translation services if needed Recognise cultural preferences Child with emotional and Provide peer mediation and mentoring in schools behavioural difficulties Provide nurture groups in primary schools as example of early intervention strategy Person with physical Provide accessible rooms in clinics disabilities Support participation in sport and exercise in schools Health and social care professionals must challenge discrimination Professionals should always challenge discrimination, whether it is based on a person’s characteristics or background (direct discrimination) or caused by an organisation’s policies and procedures that do not adapt to meet needs (indirect discrimination). For example: Doctors should consult patient notes to check the patient’s preferred language and preferred methods of treatment. Nurses should ask whether the patient prefers a male or female nurse. Social workers should advise on actions the service user can take to address any discrimination they experience. Copyright © 2017. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Occupational therapists should help people to live independently by ensuring appropriate kitchen equipment for different cultures (e.g. a wok and chopsticks might be preferred). Professionals must treat each person with respect and respond appropriately to individual needs. For example, consider anti-bullying Explain two ways a health and social care setting, e.g. a school for policies in schools and equal people with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD), opportunities. should carry out anti-discriminatory practices. 64 Brenda, Baker. Revise BTEC National Health and Social Care Revision Guide, Pearson Education Limited, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kirklees-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6709859. Created from kirklees-ebooks on 2022-10-18 11:27:35.  Unit 2 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! Content Empowering individuals Empowerment is a key value which underpins health and soci