Early Civilizations Notes - Gentry 23 - PDF

Unit 2: EARLY Civilizations Quiz: Sep 30 / October 1 Test: Oct 9 and 10  GRAPES When studying civilizations, we look at: G - Geography ○ Where is it? What resources do they have? R - Religion ○ What do people believe? How does it...

Unit 2: EARLY Civilizations Quiz: Sep 30 / October 1 Test: Oct 9 and 10  GRAPES When studying civilizations, we look at: G - Geography ○ Where is it? What resources do they have? R - Religion ○ What do people believe? How does it impact their lives? A - Arts and Achievements ○ What did they invent? How did they express themselves? P - Politics ○ What was their government like? Who made the decisions? E - Economy ○ How did people make money? What did they sell or trade? How did they get resources? Was there slavery? S - Social ○ What were the social class systems? Who was considered more important? How were women and minorities treated?  PG. 5 RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared in river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent. SLIDESMANIA.COM Egypt Geography & Impact Nile River Valley - good farming area Nile River ○ Floods ONCE a year predictably ○ Flooding - destructive but leaves silt for farming Borders the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea Natural Protection from Deserts to the East and West  Religion Polytheistic Pyramids- tombs for Pharaohs  Achievements The Pyramids Hieroglyphics and Papyrus Canal Irrigation Egyptian Calendar  Politics Hereditary Dynasty Pharaoh - Title of the ruler, considered part man/part god  Economy/Infrastructu re Traded linens, papyrus, and grain for resources from Africa and the Middle East  Social Pharaoh at top Social hierarchy  CSI: How did King Tut Die? 1. Read the documents and answer the questions for each document 2. At the end, decide how you think King Tut died. BE SPECIFIC AND EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER! This question will be graded similarly to your warm-ups 3. When you’re done, turn in the worksheet to the bin and give the document sheet to Ms. Gentry 4. Finish early? Begin reviewing for your quiz - play the map games or the vocab blooket Mesopotamia  Geography Located in fertile crescent (modern day Iraq) Tigris and Euphrates rivers Key city: Babylon  Achievements Cuneiform (writing system) ZIggurats (similar to pyramids) Code of Hammurabi - first written law code Epic of Gilgamesh - possibly the oldest written story  Code of Hammurabi Activity To learn more about Mesopotamia, we’ll be looking at a primary source - Hammurabi’s Code! 1. Read the document and annotate as you read 2. Answer the questions to learn more about the religion, economy, politics, and society of Mesopotamia 3. Don’t worry about the GRAPES Chart 4. Put away when done Hebrews  G- Geography Originally nomadic Land of Canaan (“promised land”)-> Israel Located between Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River Main city: Jerusalem  ORIGINS considered the founder/father of Judaism Received a message from God to move his people to the city of Canaan “the Promised Land” Makes a covenant with God SLIDESMANIA.COM  ORIGINS Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt to the Holy Land - The Exodus Makes a second covenant with God when he receives the Torah and the Ten Commandments SLIDESMANIA.COM  Religion Judaism Abraham - Father of Judaism and the Hebrews Monotheistic 10 Commandments - moral and religious code of laws  Politics Theocracy Moses -> Judges -> Kings -> Exile/ruled by other empires  Prince of Egypt clips We will watch two videos from the movie “The Prince of Egypt” which tell the story of Moses For the first video, pay attention to what the Israelites are going through. In the song, what are they asking? In the second video, the Israelites/Hebrews are leaving Egypt (also known as the Exodus). What does the Exodus mean to the Israelites? What is the significance of Moses? SLIDESMANIA.COM  Connections Across Time: Moses and Harriet Tubman From US History - who was Harriet Tubman? Why do you think her nickname was “Moses”? What does her life have to do with Moses and the Israelites? SLIDESMANIA.COM  Hebrews Reading and Worksheet 1. Read the article and use it to answer the questions on the worksheet 2. When you are done, staple the worksheet to your Unit 2 packet 3. You are responsible for this information on your test October 9/10! 4. Complete the exit ticket on Schoology for an IP grade - you may use notes, the worksheet, and the reading Phoenicians  Geography Never united into a power country Modern day Lebanon Limited arable land -> Colonized along Mediterranean Sea -> established Carthage in North Africa  Religion Polytheistic (nothing else you need to know about it)  Achievements First alphabet Purple dye made from shells Remarkable shipbuilders and sailors -> helped with trade and colonization  Economy and Social Focused on TRADE by sea (not much area to farm) ○ Carried technology, ideas, and items into Europe and North Africa Women had more rights in Phoenicia than in other early civilizations (slay girlboss) ○ Could divorce their husbands, own property, and pass property to kids (wow crazy!!) Written Languages  Development of Written Language No more prehistory we write stuff now! Why written language? ○ Keep records - good for leadership and trade ○ Make sure laws are applied equally and everyone knows them ○ Spread or standardize religion  Written Languages Pictographs - pictures used to represent a word or phrase ○ Often literal ○ EARLIEST writing system Eventually, more complex systems developed  Do Now Use the laminated station sheets to complete the organizer in your Unit 2 packet Keep your packet to study! Fill out form on Schoology Work on the IP: Civilizations Statements (multiple tries for highest score) and begin studying for your test THE REVIEW DAY SHOULD NOT BE THE FIRST DAY YOU STUDY  Early Civs: Political Patterns Hereditary rulers: a political leader who is born into their role or inherits it Dynasties of kings, pharaohs, etc. Dynasty - a family line of rulers Many leaders were religious AND political leaders (theocracy) Development of first states (like city-states, kingdoms, empires) Early Civs: Social Patterns Rigid class system Hierarchical (some people are “above” others) Slavery was accepted  Early Civs: Economic Patterns Use of metal (bronze, iron) for tools and weapons Better tools, plows, irrigation -> increasing agricultural surplus -> higher population, more specialized trades (weavers, craftsmen, etc.) Increased trade along rivers and by the sea Slavery used for cheap labor