Unit 2 - Chemistry of the Cell PDF

cell highlyorchestrated dynamicallychanging seriesof actions smallammountsimportant 4electrontransportchain  cytoplasm strongest sharing exchange ofelectrons p ionicbondschangein characterdependingw...

cell highlyorchestrated dynamicallychanging seriesof actions smallammountsimportant 4electrontransportchain  cytoplasm strongest sharing exchange ofelectrons p ionicbondschangein characterdependingwherefound  betweenatoms w similarelectroneg strongandstable formingfoundation forvariousbiological molecules airited cost matP dblbond 2pairs ofelectrons atomsofequal or similar electronegativityshare e Canform 4 covalentbonds Valence e tofilloutershell the of bonds that can beformed Canform stable structures Non polar covalent bonds are strong stable require1g input of energy to breakbonds Allowfor variety of structure stability of C C bonds Allbiological molecules have cCbond oftenbackbone ex aminoAcids proteins branching longchains ringstructures Can bond w a large array of atoms carbonorbital structure size of molecule can bindto biologically importantfunctionalgroups DNARNA ATP need to be able to know proteins f whichisneg pos or neutral butpolarcharged lipids proteins  co share valence electrons s 7 8 St i I commonones maybeasked about St st H2O  Nosharingofelectrons Weakin aqueoussolutions positivaffargative some functional groups canformionic bonds physiological PH equal sharing unequally sharing Nosharing  dont share xenang Neptet ponds due to unequal distribution of e s Dipole separation of charge atoms wipolar DNA RNA covalent bonds He weak attractions w other atoms w partial charge Weak but significant non specific form between any 2 atoms that are in close enough proximity Dipole Apolar attractfor brief moment briefbic electronclouds redistribute  electrons on oneside for a potentiation ble they happen between any 2 atoms individually weak but strongas a group strength in numbers  AWaterfearing Dueto cohesiveness of watersHydrogen bonded network H2ointeraction favourable protein structure importance of membranes hydrophobicforces ex orientation of bilffins membranes y  any non polar molecule excluded from H2o enviormen VDW any 2 atoms ionic bonds between any charged atoms variin now used in space same idea  Starters properprotein folding dependent on Nonpolar interactions covalent Noncovalentbonds are weakinteractions butcollectivlytheycan be reallystrong allowsforreversibleinteractions any Nonpolarmolecule can experience 9thpolar Hydrophobicforces strands of DNA held together by many weak bonds Wantto be able to split strands covalentbonds backbone Ionic bondsforms between proteins  moleculethat binds to receptor Missed bic intactionsarent permanent cell can changeactivity and function  Properties of Water 1 Adhesion cohesion 2 Temp stability 3 solvent propert 4 Hydrophobic F Dynamics for functionstructureimptfor all cells H2O responsible for manypropert polarity is the most critical part of water  Adhesion When water has a greateraffinity for other molecules than H2o Waterhasgreater affinity for self 0 capillary Action MSKrfktfhht.is other molecules are more polar than H2O or charged polarity of each watermolecule such that water can form uptoo 4 other H2O bonds constantly being broken and reformed liquid H2O 3.5 bonds ice H2o 4 bonds Highsurface Tension of Water gives round shape of water dropplets bugsbeing able to walk on water Non polar High Boiling Point of Water bonds Waterneeds more energy to break the apart High specific heat capacity of wat temprequired to raise the temp of 1g by1 C H2o has the highest heat capacity High Heat of Vaporization temp needed to convert 1g of any liquid to vapour  1 takes a long time to cool Heat capacity of water 5 than sand thats why the sand is always hoter than water I and absorbs heat heat ford beingused to breakbonds momma i Dog panting sweating Heat pulles Hao sweat from body Inc Kinetic energy of H2o changes from liquid to vapour  Hydration spheres of water Aggregation Hydrophilicforms latice around Hydrophobic solvent sugars nucleic acids ions compounds that havecharges COOH NHz P0y  Here's ex water can gain Ht proton 30 or lose proton H OH AminoAcids carboxylgroup amino.G coo HtsN CH R  More Ht lowerpH more acidic LessHt HigherpH morebasic AT Bifiersystem physiological pH 7 7.4