Unit 2 - 2023-2024 ENG.pdf

Medical and Dental terminology Pablo Gella Montero Language What is a ‘language’? LANGUAGE System of arbitrary signs used for human communication (There is no necessity or relationship between words and the concepts they represent) dent tooth diente dente ⻮ (Any cultural symbol that conveys...

Medical and Dental terminology Pablo Gella Montero Language What is a ‘language’? LANGUAGE System of arbitrary signs used for human communication (There is no necessity or relationship between words and the concepts they represent) dent tooth diente dente ⻮ (Any cultural symbol that conveys a meaning) Language What is a ‘language’? LANGUAGE Natural languages languages people speak, such as English, French, Italian… They were not designed by people (but there is imposition of order: grammar), they evolved naturally. Metalanguage Languages used to speak about an specific language Object-language Formal languages languages designed by people for specific applications, such as maths, programming languages, logics… Professional language The “darkness” of medical language is justified for several reasons: 1. Creation of new words to designate new concepts and new discoveries. 2. Improve meaning precission. 3. Brevity (i.e. colostomy, apicoectomy…) 4. Professional secrecy. 5. Reinforcing of sociological characteristics that define the profession (authority, monopolism, intrusism) Jargon vs Slang Jargon Slang Formal language specific of a specific field/discipline Informal language shared by a group of people It is because of the presence of a phospholipid bilayer “Let’s make some dough!” The caries is located on the occlusal surface “Comment ça va mec?” Do not forget to make a hard copy of your project Medical language Historical evolution of medical terminology Antiquity: Greek was the language of medicine. The romans used the same language for science. Middle Ages: The Arabic lexicon was present in translations of ancient texts. 11th-16th Century: Arabic medical texts are translated into Latin and most Arabisms disappear (others not: alcohol, alkali, elixir, ‘jarabe’ (spanish word for ‘syrup’) Modern Age: Latin gives name to modern medical concepts and realities. Contemporary Age: Latin dissapears as the language of medicine, but it continues to be used as the Greek. Medical terms with origin and structure outside of classical languages. French and English terms are incorporated (tissue, screening, bypass…). Medical language Historical evolution of medical terminology Contemporary Age Antiquity Greek Arabic Latin English Medical language Greek and Latin Terms built from Greek and Latin root Eponyms Terms derived from the name of a person. In general, the scientist that identified the disease or developed the new technique Pandemic pan ‘all’ COPD ASA ECG Acronyms Terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase. Usually for techniques. ic english suffix for ‘pertaining to’ demos ‘the common people’ Alois Alzheimer Modern languaje Terms derived from the modern language. Medical language Onomatopoeia Imitation or representation of a natural sound or non-discursive sound DUB LUB Categories of medical terms Built from word parts or not Greek and Latin Terms built from Greek and Latin root Terms built from word parts Eponyms Terms derived from the name of a person. In general, the scientist that identified the disease or developed the new technique Acronyms Terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase. Usually for techniques. Terms not built from word parts Modern languaje Terms derived from the modern language. Categories of medical terms Descriptive vs Eponyms Eponyms Terms derived from the name of a person. In general, the scientist that identified the disease or developed the new technique Greek and Latin Terms built from Greek and Latin root Acronyms Terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase. Usually for techniques. Non descriptive Descriptive Parkinson disease Duct of Wirsung Paralysis agitans Pancreatic duct Modern languaje Terms derived from the modern language. Basic parts of medical terms Paleo odonto logy Prefix At the beginning Identifies a subdivision of the central meaning Word root Usually in the middle Gives the central meaning Word analysis method ü Identify the root ü Identify the prefix ü Identify the suffix Suffix At the end Modifies the central meaning (what/who interacts or what is happening) Basic parts of medical terms Prefix change PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX Paleo- odont -ology Supra- odont -al Sub- odont -al Endo- odont -al Peri- odont -al Poly- odont -al Basic parts of medical terms Suffix change PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX paleo odont -ology paleo odont -ics odont -algia odont -itis bacterio -static bacteri -cidal Basic parts of medical terms Union letters PREFIX peri ROOT SUFFIX oral -ity oral pharinge oro pharynx oro pharynge -al -al Union letters Intercalated between the elements, help their pronunciation but with no meaning Basic parts of medical terms Examples PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX stomat -itis Stomat (o) + gnathos -ic dent -ist gloss -itis gingiv -itis Oste (o) -porosis rhin -itis hemo -philic An- emia A- cellular Append -ectomy Patho -gen Infra- orbital Intra- oral Post- natal Hypo- thermia Resources • https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce21/root-wordsprefixes-and-suffixes-used-in-dental-terminology • Endodoncia - Dicciomed: Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico (usal.es)