Medical Terminology Lecture 1 PDF

11/26/2017 Medical Terminology LEC 1 Medical Terminology  Medical terminology is a specialized language used by health care practitioners  Course objective: ‐ Define common medical terms ‐ Relates common medical t...

11/26/2017 Medical Terminology LEC 1 Medical Terminology  Medical terminology is a specialized language used by health care practitioners  Course objective: ‐ Define common medical terms ‐ Relates common medical terms to:. human anatomy physiology, and pharmacology. common disease state , categories and diagnostic tests. ‐ Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports. 1  11/26/2017 Medical Terminology There are 2 major categories of medical terms : 1. Descriptive – describing shape , color, size ,function, etc,. Exp: Hypertension 2. Eponyms, literally “putting a name upon”, has been used to honor those who first : ‐ discovered or described an anatomical structure or ‐ diagnosed a disease or ‐ developed a medical instrument or procedure. Exp: ‐ Fallopian tubes  uterine tubes: by Gabrioello Fallopio ‐ Eustachian tubes auditory tubes by Bartolommeo Eustachian  Medical terms are always part of the language that includes them, but mostly are have Latin or Greek roots. Medical Terminology Elements  Medical terms consist of:  Prefix: is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word Exp.: Hypotension  Word root: the main part or foundation of a word; all medical words have at least one word root. Exp.: Hypotension  A combining form (CF): is created when a word root is combined with a vowel. This vowel is usually an “O”. Exp: Gastro, Dento  Suffix: is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word Exp: Osteoarthritis 2  11/26/2017 Prefix  Substituting one prefix for another prefix changes the meaning of the word.  A prefix usually indicates a: ‐ number, time, ‐ position, size or ‐ negation.  Many prefixes found in medical terminology also are found in the English language.  A prefix that stands alone is followed by a hyphen (Small dash).  In the term: macro/cyte  macro‐ is a prefix meaning large; A macrocyte: is a large cell, ‐cyte is a suffix meaning cell. hyperglycemia  (“high blood sugar”) and hypoglycemia  (“low blood sugar”) name conditions that are exact opposites. Prefix  Learning prefix meanings as parts of common words has two distinct advantages over learning them as parts of medical terms: ‐ The first is that you will learn the meaning of each prefix as part of a word you already know or have probably at least heard. ‐ The second is that you will not be prematurely exposed to medical term roots that are best learned in connection with anatomic systems, all of which are subjects of subsequent lectures. 3  11/26/2017 Prefix Categories of Prefixes: prefixes of time or speed prefixes of direction prefixes of position prefixes of size or number prefixes of negation Prefix Prefixes of time or speed Prefix Refers to Example Meaning ante-, pre- Before Prehypertension Before Hypertension (Borderline) brady- abnormally slow rate of Bradycardia Abnormal slow heart speed beats neo- New Neonate Newborn post- After Post‐surgery After surgery tachy- rapid, abnormally high Tachypnea Abnormal rapid rate of speed breathing 4  11/26/2017 Prefix Prefixes of direction Prefix Refers to Example Meaning ab- away from, outside Abnormal Not normal of, beyond ad- toward, near to adhere Stick to Anti- Against Antibiotic Against infectious diseases con-, sym-, With Connective Together syn- Sympathetic compassionate Synthesis combining of separate elements into a complete whole contra- Against Contraindicated Against the indication (inadvisable to prescribe ) dia- across, through Diagnosis process of identifying a disease through its symptoms Prefix Prefixes of position Prefix Refers to Example Meaning ec- Outside Eczema inflammatory skin disease (Outside skin) ecto- Outside Ectoderm Outside skin en- Inside endo- Within Endocardia Membrane that lines the heart epi- upon, subsequent to Epigastric On or over stomach ex- Outside Extension Expansion/Enlargement exo- Outside Exophthalmia Outside the eye extra- Beyond Extracellular Outside the cell hyper- above, beyond normal Hypertension Abnormal high blood pressure hypo- below, below normal Hypotension Abnormal low blood pressure 5  11/26/2017 Prefix Prefixes of position Prefix Refers to Example Meaning infra- inside or below Infrared Below the visible red end of the spectrum inter- Between Interact act on each other intra- Inside/within Intracellular Within the cell meso- Middle Mesoderm Middle cell layer meta- Beyond Metastasis spreading (of a disease to another part of the body) para- alongside, like Parathyroid Small secretory glands located alongside the thyroid gland Peri- Around Pericardia membranous sac surrounding the heart retro- backward, behind Retronasal behind the nose 6