Unit 1.1 Week 1 Matter and the Periodic Table (Draper) PDF

WELCOME TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE Good Morning Monday! I.D. Check PHYSICAL SCIENCE Benchmark  WELCOME TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE Tiger Tuesday I.D. Check  UNIT 1.1 Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in...

WELCOME TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE Good Morning Monday! I.D. Check PHYSICAL SCIENCE Benchmark  WELCOME TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE Tiger Tuesday I.D. Check  UNIT 1.1 Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.  Objectives: UNIT 1.1 ❏ What is the Periodic Table ❏ How to Read the Periodic Table I can predict the ❏ How is the Periodic Table reactivity of elements Organized based on their location ❏ What is a Group ❏ on the periodic table, What is a Period ❏ What is an Element? using periodic trends.  What is Stuff? How would you define what an ELEMENT is? Before Instruction During instruction After Instruction  Let’s figure out what the elements are Let’s categorize the following materials: Wood Iron Salt Dirt Plastic Ink Aluminum Rubber Foam Copper Clay Sand Steel Water Charcoal Paper Olive oil Graphite Air Oobleck Marble Glass  UNIT 1.1 What Patterns can you see when you organize these materials?  How have other people’s organized the “elements”? What patterns did they see? The Greeks: Four Elements - Earth, Fire, Water, Air The Arabs: Elixirs - All Solids made of Sulfur and Mercury Late Medieval Europeans: Philosopher’s Stone - Sulfur and Mercury  How have other people’s organized the “elements”? What patterns did they see? The Renaissance: Alchemy - Distillation of different chemicals The Elements are being questioned and the order of materials and what is composed of what is coming into view as Alchemists begin to toy with the idea of atoms.  WELCOME TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE Win Wednesday  UNIT 1.1 Matter is anything that takes up space What is Matter? and has mass (Vocab) Matter  Matter is composed Matter of small particles. These small particles can be classified into two What is Matter major categories. made of? Mixture Substance Matter Mixture – two or more substances What is a physically combined Mixture? (Vocab)  Matter Substance - all particles in What is a matter are Substance? identical (Vocab)  Substance Matter Mixture  Substances are either pure UNIT 1.1 substances called elements , What are the or a combination particles that of two particles make up called a Substances? compound  Element - simplest Matter form of matter from which more complex substances are What is an made (listed on the Element? Periodic Table) (Vocab)  Matter Compound - two or more elements chemically What is a combined in a Compound? fixed proportion (Vocab)  Element Substance Compound Matter Mixture  When two or more Matter substances mix together they can form a What are the homogeneous types of mixture , or a heterogeneous Mixtures? mixture  Homogeneous: components are Matter evenly distributed out on a microscopic level What is a Solutions (when one Homogeneous substance is dissolved into another) are Mixture? homogeneous mixtures (Vocab) Ex. Bleach, lemonade, coffee  Heterogeneous: substances in the Matter mixture are not evenly spread out What is a Different Heterogeneous components are easy Mixture? to see, or separate out over time (Vocab) Ex. Salad dressing, paint, cereal  Element Substance Compound Matter Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous  WELCOME TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE Thrawn Thursday I.D. Check  It is never wrong to be curious. But it can sometimes be dangerous. Which of the following are pure substances? Which of the following are mixtures? Which of the following are elements? Which of the following are are compounds?  Working in a group of four use the The Elements element cards. Organize the cards and consider: ❏ What Patterns do you see? ❏ Are there multiple ways to organize the cards Let’s Organize ❏ Are there any patterns? ❏ Are there any outliers in the groups? The Elements Organize the cards and consider: ❏ What Patterns did we see? ❏ What were those patterns? ❏ Are there multiple ways to How did we end up organize the cards organizing the ❏ Are there any outliers in the groups? elements?  We saw with the Greeks, The The Elements Arabs, and the Medieval Europeans that there was an effort to organize and classify matter. When did these ideas become How do Scientists modernized? Organize these When did we really figure out how elements? to organize these elements? The Elements Crash Course Chemistry Dmitri Mendeleev How do Scientists Organize these elements?  The Periodic Table A table organizing all of the elements known to exist by atomic number and chemical properties.  The Periodic The Periodic Table Table organizes the How do we read pure elements and understand into columns the organization called groups and rows of the periodic called periods. table?  The Periodic The vertical columns on the Table periodic table All elements in the same group What is a Group? have the same (Vocab) number of valence electrons  The Periodic Table Groups: The vertical columns on the periodic table – All elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons Remember: valence e- are the e- in an atom’s outermost energy level in the electron cloud Group 1 = 1 valence e- Group 2 = 2 valence e- (skip the transition metals in groups 3-12) Group 13 = 3 valence e- (etc. until…) Group 18 = 8 valence e- – With the exception of Helium – Because of this, elements in the same group have similar chemical properties  The Periodic Table Group Names to Know: – Group 1 = Alkali metals Most reactive metals – Note: For metals, reactivity increases as you move down the group Doesn’t include Hydrogen – Group 2 = Alkaline earth metals – Group 3 = Rare earth metals – Groups 3-12 = Transition metals – Group 17 = Halogens Most reactive nonmetals – Note: For nonmetals, reactivity decreases as you move down the group – Group 18 = Noble Gases Nonreactive elements, due to already being chemically stable  The horizontal rows The Periodic on the periodic table Table All elements in the same period have the same What is a Period? number of energy (Vocab) levels in their electron cloud  The Periodic Table Periods: The horizontal rows on the periodic table – All elements in the same period have the same number of energy levels in their electron cloud Remember: All atoms have a nucleus with p+ and n0 surrounded by an electron cloud with e-. – Electron clouds are broken down into shells or energy levels, that each hold a certain number of e- Level 1 (closest to the nucleus): holds a max of 2 e- Level 2: holds up to 8 e- Level 3: holds up to 8 e- (for our purposes) Level 4: holds up to 18 e- (for our purposes) 1 energy level 2 energy levels 3 energy levels 4 energy levels 5 energy levels 6 energy levels 7 energy levels  How to Read the Periodic Table Atomic Number = # of Protons Atomic Mass = # of Protons + # of Neutrons In a Neutral Atom # of Protons = # of Electrons