Physical Science: An Introduction to Matter PDF

Physical Science An Introduction to Matter  Describing Matter: Matter - is anything that has mass and occupies space Properties of Matter - How is it described: Hot, cold, hard, soft, rough, smooth, shiny, dull, solid, liquid, gas, etc. Characteristic Properties -Those pro...

Physical Science An Introduction to Matter  Describing Matter: Matter - is anything that has mass and occupies space Properties of Matter - How is it described: Hot, cold, hard, soft, rough, smooth, shiny, dull, solid, liquid, gas, etc. Characteristic Properties -Those properties of a given substance that do not change and therefore can be used to help identify the substance. Boiling Point, Melting Point, Freezing point  Changes in Matter Physical Change -A change that alters the form of a substance but not the chemical makeup of the substance, a change of state – Words like: crush, smash, tear, evaporate, slice, breakdown, dissolve, absorb, swell, burst Chemical Change - One or more substances combine or decompose to form a chemically different substance – Words like: react, burns, forms, decomposed, rusting, sours, rotting, digesting, cooked, molecular change  Types of Matter Pure Substances – Those substances made up of one kind of matter. It has definite characteristic properties – Elements: Contain only one type of atom, H, He, Na, Mg, C, N, O, – Compounds: A pure substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements - CO2, H2O, C6H12O6, NaCl Mixed Substances (Mixtures)– two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined. – Homogeneous Mixture: a very well mixed mixture -solution of sugar water – Heterogeneous Mixture: not evenly mixed - handful of dirt, Rocky Road Ice Cream,  Measuring Matter SI – International System of Units = the metric system – Length – the one dimensional measurement of distance – SI unit is Meter, Kilometer – Mass – the amount of matter in a substance – SI unit: gram or kilogram – Weight – the force of gravity acting on an object – SI unit: Newton – Volume – how much space an object occupies – SI unit: liter, milliliter, cm3 ▪ Solid Volume = Length x Width x Height = cm3, meter3 ▪ Liquid Volume = liter, milliliter ▪ 1ml = 1cm3 – Density – the amount of mass an object has in a given volume – SI unit: g/ml, g/cm3 ▪ Density= Mass / Volume – Temperature – the average kinetic energy of an object. ▪ 0C = Centigrade or degrees Celsius, 0K = degrees Kelvin ▪ 0 0C = 273 0K – Time: unit of measure: second, minute Measuring Matter  Particles of Matter Atoms – The smallest particle of an Element that retains the chemical properties of that element Democritus – 400 BC, a Greek philosopher that coined the term “atomos” which means “uncuttable, indivisible”  John Dalton -1802 - The Atomic Theory Atoms can not be broken into smaller pteces – atoms are like a solid marble (Not entirely accurate) In an element all atoms are exactly alike (Not entirely accurate) Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form compounds ( this is true) Atoms of each element have a unique mass (Not entirely accurate) Compounds are always composed of whole number proportions of elements ie CO2 – Carbon dioxide, H2O – Water, C6H12O6 – Glucose, NaCl – Table Salt (this one is true also) The basic particle of an Element is the Atom – H, He, Fe, etc The basic particle of a Compound is the Molecule – a group of atoms that are chemically bonded and act as a single unit until the bonds are broken: CO2, H2O, C6H12O6, NaCl  No mas!! (time for activity)