Unit 1.1 Overview of MedTech Profession PDF

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which covers me, that of sin and of ignorance. Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and ease of le...

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which covers me, that of sin and of ignorance. Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and ease of learning, the lucidity to comprehend, and abundant grace in expressing myself. Guide the beginning of my work, direct its progress and bring it to successful completion. This I ask through Jesus Christ, true God, and true man, living and reigning with You and the Father, forever and ever. Amen.  PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE 1 OVERVIEW OF THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Outline Part I Introduction Medical Technology Profession Historical Perspective Part II Medical Technology Education Learning Outcome 1. Discuss the practice of medical technology, with emphasis on the Philippines setting. Formative Assessment 1. Where is the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines located? a. Intramuros, Manila b. Malate, Manila c. Quiricada St. Sta Cruz, Manila d. Puting Kahoy, Silang, Cavita Formative Assessment 2. Who is the first medical technologist in the Philippines to earn a Bachelor’s degree? a. Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda b. Dr. Jesse Umali c. Dr. Mariano Icasiano d. Mrs. Willa Hedrick Formative Assessment 3. Who is the founder of Medical Technology Education in the Philippines? a. Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda b. Dr. William Welch c. Dr. Mariano Icasiano d. Mrs. Willa Hedrick Formative Assessment 4. Who wrote the book entitled “Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory Methods” which became the standard reference for laboratories? a. James Campbell Todd b. Ebers Papyrus c. Isaac Judaeus d. Rufus of Ephesus Formative Assessment 5. Which among the choices defined medical technology as Application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases? a. RA No. 5527 b. Ruth I. Heinemann c. Norma J. Walters d. Anna P. Fagelson INTRODUCTION What is Medical Technology? A.k.a Clinical Laboratory Science (Moraleta) ; Medical Laboratory Science (CMO 13 s. 2017) What is Medical Technology? Anna P. Fagelson (1961) - Branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the maintenance of health. What is Medical Technology? Norma J. Walters (1996) - Health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in view of obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as in the maintenance of good health. What is Medical Technology? Ruth I. Heinemann (1963) - Application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. What is Medical Technology? RA No. 5527 (The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969) - Auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine - Deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical laboratory procedures which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION WHAT DOES A MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST DO? What is a Medical Technologist? RA No. 5527 (The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969) - Person engages in the work of medical technology under the supervision of a pathologist or licensed physician (DOH) - Person who passed the prescribed course and examination Medical Technology Practice Science - Primarily concerned with the study of the natural world and the interrelationship among the biological, psychological, and even the social world. Medical Technology Practice Technology - Application of science in ways that are considered beneficial to society - Avenue to modify the environment Medical Technology Practice - Designed to improve the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diseases. - Has linkages with many other disciplines for specific diagnostic and therapeutic purposes - Its nature is contextual, interdisciplinary, interdependent, and systems-based Medical Technology Practice R.A. 5527 - The Medical Technology Act of 1969 1. Examination of tissues, secretions, and excretions of the human body and body fluids by various laboratory techniques/procedures 2. Blood banking procedures and techniques 3. Parasitology, mycologic, and microbiologic procedures and techniques 4. Histopathologic and cytotechnology 5. Clinical research Medical Technology Practice R.A. 5527 - The Medical Technology Act of 1969 6. Preparations and standardization of reagents, standard, stains and others 7. Clinical laboratory quality control 8. Collection and preservation of specimens Roles and Responsibilities Perform clinical laboratory testing Roles and Responsibilities Perform special procedures Roles and Responsibilities Ensure accuracy and precision of results Roles and Responsibilities Be honest in practice Roles and Responsibilities Ensure timely delivery of results Roles and Responsibilities Demonstrate professionalism Roles and Responsibilities Uphold confidentiality Roles and Responsibilities Collaborate with other health care professionals Roles and Responsibilities Conduct research Roles and Responsibilities Involvement in health promotion programs Job Opportunities 1. Medical technologist in a clinical laboratory 2. Histotechnologist in an anatomical laboratory 3. Researcher/research scientist 4. Academe 5. Perfusionist 6. Molecular scientist 7. Diagnostic product specialist 8. Public health practitioner 9. Health care leader Job Opportunities 1. Molecular biology 2. Public health and epidemiology 3. Veterinary laboratory science 4. Forensic science 5. Nuclear medicine/science 6. Health facility administration and management 7. Quality management Field of Specialty 1. Hematology 2. Clinical chemistry 3. Clinical microscopy 4. Microbiology 5. Blood bank and transfusion practices 6. Immunology and serology 7. Histopathology and anatomic pathology Places of Work Private and Non-profit Organizations 1. Hospitals 2. Laboratories 3. Biotechnology firms 4. Blood banks 5. Clinics 6. Medical equipment manufacturers 7. Colleges and universities Places of Work Private and Non-profit Organizations 8. Physician’s offices 9. Diagnostic testing companies 10. Pharmaceutical companies 11. Health maintenance organizations 12. Research institutes HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1500 BC Ebers Papyrus -oldest preserved egyptian compilation of medical texts -first records of intestinal infection https://egypt-museum.com/the-ebers-papyrus/ History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1500 BC 600 BC Ebers Papyrus Sushruta -oldest preserved -described diabetes as egyptian compilation passage of large of medical texts amount of urine -first records of -urine from diabetic intestinal infection patients is sweet and attracts black ants  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1500 BC 600 BC 300 BC - 180 AD Ebers Papyrus Sushruta Hippocrates “Father -oldest preserved -described diabetes as of Medicine” egyptian compilation passage of large -four humors of medical texts amount of urine -imbalance of these -first records of -urine from diabetic four humors leads to intestinal infection patients is sweet and diseases. attracts black ants https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/74/d2/f8509918e30173e36772955751e4.jpg  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1500 BC 600 BC 300 BC - 180 AD Ebers Papyrus Sushruta Galen -oldest preserved -described diabetes as -diabetes as diarrhea egyptian compilation passage of large of urine of medical texts amount of urine -relationship between -first records of -urine from diabetic fluid intake and urine intestinal infection patients is sweet and volume attracts black ants https://galen.org/about/who-was-galen/  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 50 AD Rufus of Ephesus -definition of hematuria -hematuria attributed to kidney problem https://acnr.co.uk/articles/rufus-of-ephesus/  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 50 AD Medieval Period Believed by Ruth Williams to be the beginning of medical technology. Rufus of Ephesus Uroscopy -definition of -diagnosis by visually hematuria examining urine’s -hematuria attributed physical to kidney problem characteristics https://picryl.com/media/al-raziingerarduscremonensis1250-b3b170 History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 50 AD Medieval Period 900 AD Believed by Ruth Williams to be the beginning of medical technology. Rufus of Ephesus Uroscopy Isaac Judaeus -definition of -diagnosis by visually -kitab al baul (book of hematuria examining urine’s urine) -hematuria attributed physical -formulated rules for to kidney problem characteristics the use of urine in patients’ diagnosis  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1590s Zacharias Janssen and Hans Janssen -invention of the microscope https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/janssen.html  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1590s 17th Century Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Hans Janssen “Father of Microbiology” -invention of the -improved compound microscope microscope -observed and classified bacteria according to shape https://www.sapaviva.com/antonie-van-leeuwenhoek/ | https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/leeuwenhoek.html  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1590s 17th Century Zacharias Janssen Frederick Dekkers and Hans Janssen -proteins in urine precipitated -invention of the when boiled with acetic acid microscope https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/27368/frederik-dekkers-leyden-b-1647-physician  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1590s 17th Century 18th Century Zacharias Janssen Frederick Dekkers Richard Lower and Hans Janssen -proteins in urine precipitated -blood transfusion -invention of the when boiled with acetic acid from one animal to microscope another https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Lower_%28physician%29  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 1590s 17th Century 18th Century Zacharias Janssen Frederick Dekkers William Hewson and Hans Janssen -proteins in urine precipitated -discovered plasma -invention of the when boiled with acetic acid could be separated microscope from blood cells -“coagulable lymph” https://wellcomecollection.org/search/images?query=WILLIAM%20HEWSON#jxpaw5g4  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 19th Century Era of Public Health John Snow (1854) -cholera outbreak https://www.micropia.nl/en/discover/microbiology/john-snow/  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 19th Century Louis Pasteur -aerobic and anaerobic bacteria -pasteurization -vaccine against anthrax https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Pasteur#/media/1/445964/122442  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 19th Century Robert Koch -koch’s postulates -specificity of a pathogen can only be established if: (1) present in all cases, (2) inoculations of its pure culture produce disease in animals, (3) from these cultures, it can be obtained, and (4) then it again be propagated in pure cultures. Robert Koch 1843-1910, photogravure after a photo by Wilhelm Fechner around 1900, Public Domain.  History of Medical Technology Profession in a Global Context 19th Century mid-1800s Robert Koch Laboratory tests for -koch’s postulates tuberculosis, -specificity of a pathogen can only be established cholera, typhoid and if: (1) present in all cases, (2) inoculations of its diphtheria were pure culture produce disease in animals, (3) from introduced these cultures, it can be obtained, and (4) then it again be propagated in pure cultures. History of Medical Technology in the United States Mid 1800s University of Michigan Hospital -first well-equipped chemical laboratory related to medicine -first clinical laboratory set up in the United States (Cardona et al.)  History of Medical Technology in the United States Mid 1800s 1878 University of Dr. William Welch Michigan Hospital -opened a teaching laboratory at Bellevue Medical College - first clinical (New York University Medical School) laboratory set up in -first physician recruited to be a professor at John Hopkins the United States University -appointed as head of department of pathology -first dean of John Hopkins University School of Medicine https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whwelchmd.jpg  History of Medical Technology in the United States 1908 James Campbell John Bernard Henry Todd -edited todd’s book which -wrote a book entitled was then named Clinical Clinical Diagnosis: A Diagnosis and Manual of Laboratory Management by Methods Laboratory Methods  History of Medical Technology in the United States 1908 1918 James Campbell John Bernard Henry John Kolmer Todd -edited todd’s book which - published the -wrote a book entitled was then named Clinical demand for and Clinical Diagnosis: A Diagnosis and training of laboratory Manual of Laboratory Management by technicians Methods Laboratory Methods State legislature of Pennsylvania -enacted a law related to clinical laboratory  History of Medical Technology in the United States 1920 Administrative units of clinical laboratories in large hospitals were directed by a chief physician 4-5 divisions: clinical pathology, bacteriology, microbiology, serology and radiology  History of Medical Technology in the United States 1920 1922 Administrative units of American Society for American Society for clinical laboratories in Clinical Pathology Clinical Laboratory large hospitals were (ASCP) Science directed by a chief -collaboration between -subgroup of ASCP physician physicians and clinical -helped non-physician pathologists clinical laboratory 4-5 divisions: clinical -code of ethics for scientists recognized as laboratory technicians autonomous pathology, bacteriology, and technologists professionals microbiology, serology and radiology History of Medical Technology in the United States 1923 University of Minnesota -first to offer medical technology degree program History of Medical Technology in the United States 1923 1950s University of Professional Minnesota recognition of -first to offer medical medical technology degree technologists program through licensure laws  History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 16th Century Manila as Capital of Spanish Empire -established Hospital Real in Cebu when was relocated to Manila. -established health and educational institutions https://www.facebook.com/PublicHealthLab/  History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 16th Centurey 1887 Manila as Capital of Spanish Empire Laboratorio Municipal -established Hospital Real in Cebu when was de Manila relocated to Manila. -established by Spanish -established health and educational institutions authorities -laboratory examinations of food, water, and clinical samples  History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1901 Bureau of Government Laboratories -established by the US government under Philippine Commission Act No. 156 -located in Calle Hernan (Pedro Gil), Ermita, Manila -had science library, chemical section, and serum laboratory for the production of vaccines -Paul Freer first director https://www.facebook.com/PublicHealthLab/  History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1901 1905 Bureau of Government Laboratories Reorganization of Bureau of -established by the US government under Philippine Government Laboratories Commission Act No. 156 -established the bureau of science -located in Calle Hernan (Pedro Gil), Ermita, Manila -worked with army board for the study -had science library, chemical section, and serum of the tropical diseases laboratory for the production of vaccines -became active center for scientific -Paul Freer first director and instruction in the country https://www.facebook.com/PublicHealthLab/  History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1944 First Clinical Laboratory -members of the U.S. healthcare team were brought to Philippines -26th medical infantry of the 6th infantry division of the US army -located at 208 Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila now known as Manila Public Health Laboratory https://www.facebook.com/PublicHealthLab/  History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1944 June 1945 World war II 6th infantry division left the facility and endorsed Members of the U.S. healthcare team were the laboratory to the brought to Philippines National Department of Health. 6th infantry division of the US army established the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines at The laboratory became 208 Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila known as non-operational Manila Public Health Laboratory History of Medical Technology in the Philippines Oct 1, 1945 Reorganization of the Abandoned Laboratory -lead by Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda -supported by Dr. Mariano Icasian (Manila City Health Officer) Facility named as Manila Public Health Laboratory History of Medical Technology in the Philippines Oct 1, 1945 1947-1954 Reorganization of the Abandoned Dr. de Roda, Dr. Sta. Ana, Dr. Briones Laboratory -offered medical technician training -lead by Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda program for high school graduates -supported by Dr. Mariano Icasian (Manila City Health Officer) Laboratory named as Manila Public Health Laboratory History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1954 MRS. WILLA HEDRICK - Founder of medical technology education in the First four-year Bachelor of Science in Philippines Medical Technology Program - American medical -offered by the Philippine Union College practitioner of the (now Adventist University of the 7th day adventist Philippines) and Manila Sanitarium and church in the Hospital (now Manila Adventist Medical Philippines Center) History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1954 1956 First Reorganization four-year Bachelor of the Abandoned of Science in Dr. Jesse Umali Medical Technology Laboratory Program -first graduate of the program in -offered -leadby bythe Dr. Philippine Alfredo PioUnion de Roda College Philippine Union College -supported (now Adventist by Dr.University Mariano Icasian of the Philippines) (Manila andCity Manila HealthSanitarium Officer) (now Manila Adventist Medical Center) Laboratory named as Manila Public Health Laboratory History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1957 UST initially offered Medical Technology as an elective course June 17, 1957: temporary permit was issued by department of education for medical technology as separate program History of Medical Technology in the Philippines 1957 June 1960 UST initially offered Medical Medical Technology as official Technology course program in UST History of Medical Technology in the Philippines June 14, 1961 Medical Technology as official program in UST Inventions and Innovations in the Field of Medical Laboratory ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK Father of Microbiology 1660 Known for his work on the improvement of the EDWARD JENNER microscope Vaccine for smallpox Impact contribution: immunology 1796  MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER BICHAT Identified organs by 1880 their types of tissues Impact of contribution: AGOSTINO BASSI histology Produced disease in worms by injection of organic material - the 1835 beginning of bacteriology LOUIS PASTEUR 1857 Successfully produced immunity to rabies  GREGOR MENDEL Enunciated his law of inherited characteristics 1866 from studies on plants JOSEPH LISTER Demonstrated that 1870 surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms ROBERT KOCH Presented the first pictures of bacilli 1877 (anthrax), and later tubercle bacilli  ELIE METCHNIKOFF Described phagocytes in 1886 blood and their role in fighting infection ERNST VON BERGMANN Introduced steam 1886 sterilization in surgery KARL LANDSTEINER Distinguished blood groups through the 1902 development of the ABO blood group system  AUGUST VON WASSERMANN Developed immunologic 1906 tests for syphilis HOWARD RICKETTS Discovered microorganisms whose 1906 range lies between bacteria viruses called rickettsiae HANS FISCHER Worked out the structure 1929 of hemoglobin  JONAS SALK 1954 Developed poliomyelitis vaccine JAMES WESTGARD Introduced the westgard rules for quality control in 1973 the clinical laboratory BARUCH SAMUEL BLUMBERG 1980 Introduced hepatitis B vaccine  KARY MULLIS Developed the polymerase chain 1985 reaction (PCR) ANDRE VAN STEIRTEGHEM 1992 Introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF) JAMES THOMSON Derived the first human 1998 stem cell line References Benitez, P., Dumaoal, O., Estrella, F., Mortel, F., Nava, M. (2019). Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1. C and E Publishing, Inc. Cardona, C., Garcia-Meim, R., Martin, G. (2015). Introduction to Medical Technology Practice in the Philippine Setting. C and E Publishing, Inc. CHED Memorandum Order 13 (2017). Policies, Standards and Guidelines for the Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science Program Republic Act No. 5527 (1969). An Act Requiring the Registration of Medical Technologists, Defining their Practice, and for other Purposes Formative Assessment Make a reflection paper on the goals you have for yourself after earning a medical technology degree and the vital roles of a medical technologist you want to adhere to when practicing medical technology. Include specific approaches you will take to accomplish your goals. Format: Number of words: 300-500 Paper size: A4 Font: Times New Roman Font Size: 12 Margins: 1 inch on all sides of the page Spacing: 1.15 Header: your name, instructor’s name, date of submission, course title, title of the essay Alignment: Justify DEADLINE: DAY BEFORE END OF UNIT I RUBRIC FOR REFLECTION PAPER RUBRIC FOR REFLECTION PAPER RUBRIC FOR REFLECTION PAPER Formative Assessment 1. Where is the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines located? a. Intramuros, Manila b. Malate, Manila c. Quiricada St. Sta Cruz, Manila d. Puting Kahoy, Silang, Cavita Formative Assessment 1. Where is the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines located? a. Intramuros, Manila b. Malate, Manila c. Quiricada St. Sta Cruz, Manila d. Puting Kahoy, Silang, Cavita Formative Assessment 2. Who is the first medical technologist in the Philippines to earn a Bachelor’s degree? a. Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda b. Dr. Jesse Umali c. Dr. Mariano Icasiano d. Mrs. Willa Hedrick Formative Assessment 2. Who is the first medical technologist in the Philippines to earn a Bachelor’s degree? a. Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda b. Dr. Jesse Umali c. Dr. Mariano Icasiano d. Mrs. Willa Hedrick Formative Assessment 3. Who is the founder of Medical Technology Education in the Philippines? a. Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda b. Dr. William Welch c. Dr. Mariano Icasiano d. Mrs. Willa Hedrick Formative Assessment 3. Who is the founder of Medical Technology Education in the Philippines? a. Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda b. Dr. William Welch c. Dr. Mariano Icasiano d. Mrs. Willa Hedrick Formative Assessment 4. Who wrote the book entitled “Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory Methods” which became the standard reference for laboratories? a. James Campbell Todd b. Ebers Papyrus c. Isaac Judaeus d. Rufus of Ephesus Formative Assessment 4. Who wrote the book entitled “Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory Methods” which became the standard reference for laboratories? a. James Campbell Todd b. Ebers Papyrus c. Isaac Judaeus d. Rufus of Ephesus Formative Assessment 5. Which among the choices defined medical technology as Application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases? a. RA No. 5527 b. Ruth I. Heinemann c. Norma J. Walters d. Anna P. Fagelson Formative Assessment 5. Which among the choices defined medical technology as Application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases? a. RA No. 5527 b. Ruth I. Heinemann c. Norma J. Walters d. Anna P. Fagelson