Unit 1 Study - Psychology Past Paper PDF

Unit 1 Study ### **1. Historical Foundations of Psychology** Who is considered the founder of modern psychology? a\) Sigmund Freud b\) Wilhelm Wundt c\) William James d\) John B. Watson What was the primary focus of early psychology according to Wilhelm Wundt? a\) Study of abnormal behavior...

Unit 1 Study ### **1. Historical Foundations of Psychology** Who is considered the founder of modern psychology? a\) Sigmund Freud b\) Wilhelm Wundt c\) William James d\) John B. Watson What was the primary focus of early psychology according to Wilhelm Wundt? a\) Study of abnormal behavior and therapy b\) Study of normal mental processes such as sensation and perception c\) Study of cognitive behavior and memory d\) Study of personality and emotional disorders What was the primary difference between structuralism and functionalism? a\) Structuralism focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components, while functionalism focused on the purpose of consciousness. b\) Structuralism focused on behavioral aspects, while functionalism focused on mental illness. c\) Structuralism studied the brain\'s anatomy, while functionalism studied cognitive therapy. d\) Structuralism emphasized practical applications, while functionalism emphasized theoretical research. ### **2. Major Themes in Psychology** Psychology is empirical. What does this mean? a\) It relies on philosophical reasoning. b\) It acquires knowledge through intuition. c\) It acquires knowledge through systematic observation. d\) It relies on speculation and hypotheses. Which theme highlights that no single theory can explain all human behavior? a\) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context b\) Psychology is theoretically diverse c\) Psychology is empirical d\) Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage Which of the following statements best describes the idea that \"behavior is determined by multiple causes\"? a\) Behavior can always be explained by a single factor. b\) Complex behaviors are usually a result of several contributing factors. c\) Behavior is primarily driven by either heredity or environment, not both. d\) All behaviors are the result of cultural influences. ### **3. Subfields and Applications** Which subfield of psychology focuses on the treatment of mental illness and emotional problems? a\) Educational psychology b\) Clinical psychology c\) Industrial/Organizational psychology d\) Biological psychology How has behaviorism contributed to clinical psychology? a\) By introducing the concept of introspection. b\) By developing practical therapeutic strategies focused on observable behavior. c\) By promoting the use of cognitive assessments. d\) By encouraging the study of unconscious desires. What area of psychology focuses on how people perceive, learn, and remember information? a\) Cognitive psychology b\) Psychoanalytic psychology c\) Biological psychology d\) Evolutionary psychology Here are multiple-choice questions for each of the key terms and people you provided: \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key Terms\*\* 1\. \*\*Applied Psychology\*\* involves: \- a) Using psychological knowledge to solve practical problems \- b) Theoretical research in psychology \- c) Analyzing unconscious motives \- d) Conducting laboratory experiments only 2\. \*\*Behavior\*\* refers to: \- a) Thoughts and feelings \- b) External and observable actions of a person or animal \- c) Genetic inheritance \- d) Social and cultural norms 3\. \*\*Behaviorism\*\* focuses on: \- a) Studying conscious thoughts \- b) Observable behaviors and their relation to stimuli \- c) The role of emotions in decision-making \- d) Cognitive functions like memory 4\. \*\*Biological Psychology\*\* studies: \- a) The role of culture in behavior \- b) The interaction between genetics and environmental factors \- c) The physical bases of behavior, such as the brain and nervous system \- d) Psychotherapy techniques 5\. \*\*Clinical Psychology\*\* is concerned with: \- a) Conducting research in cognitive development \- b) Studying the unconscious mind \- c) Diagnosing and treating mental disorders \- d) Understanding group dynamics 6\. \*\*Cognition\*\* involves: \- a) Emotional regulation \- b) Mental processes like thinking, learning, and memory \- c) Observing social interactions \- d) Studying the brain\'s anatomy 7\. \*\*Counseling Psychology\*\* focuses on: \- a) Providing therapy for severe psychological disorders \- b) Helping people deal with everyday problems and improve well-being \- c) Researching childhood behavior disorders \- d) Studying group behavior and social influences 8\. \*\*Critical Thinking\*\* is best described as: \- a) Using intuition to solve problems \- b) Analyzing information logically and evaluating evidence \- c) Basing opinions on personal experiences \- d) Accepting commonly held beliefs 9\. \*\*Culture\*\* refers to: \- a) Biological traits shared by a group of people \- b) The shared norms, values, and customs of a group of people \- c) Individual habits and behaviors \- d) Genetic predispositions 10\. \*\*Developmental Psychology\*\* studies: \- a) The brain's development over time \- b) Changes in behavior and mental processes throughout a person\'s lifespan \- c) Abnormal mental processes \- d) Group dynamics in a social context 11\. \*\*Empiricism\*\* is the belief that: \- a) Knowledge should be acquired through observation and experimentation \- b) Mental processes are more important than behavior \- c) Psychological research should be focused on culture \- d) Genetics are the most important factor in human development 12\. \*\*Ethnocentrism\*\* refers to: \- a) The study of ethnic diversity \- b) Believing that one's own culture is superior to others \- c) Promoting cultural diversity \- d) The study of cross-cultural psychology 13\. \*\*Evolutionary Psychology\*\* examines: \- a) How the mind evolves over a lifetime \- b) The influence of natural selection on behavior and mental processes \- c) The role of culture in shaping behavior \- d) The treatment of mental illness 14\. \*\*Experimental Psychology\*\* focuses on: \- a) Practical applications of psychology \- b) Conducting research through controlled experiments to understand behavior \- c) Studying cultural influences on human behavior \- d) Developing clinical treatments 15\. \*\*Functionalism\*\* is the study of: \- a) The structure of the mind \- b) How mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment \- c) Unconscious desires and their effect on behavior \- d) The role of introspection in understanding the mind 16\. \*\*Humanism\*\* emphasizes: \- a) The role of unconscious conflicts \- b) The innate potential for personal growth \- c) The role of stimulus-response associations \- d) Genetic predispositions in shaping behavior 17\. \*\*Industrial/Organizational Psychology\*\* focuses on: \- a) Diagnosing and treating workplace-related disorders \- b) Applying psychological principles to improve productivity and employee well-being in workplaces \- c) Researching individual personalities \- d) Studying human development in industrialized countries 18\. \*\*Introspection\*\* is best defined as: \- a) The study of external behavior \- b) A method of self-observation used to analyze conscious thoughts \- c) Using brain imaging techniques to study perception \- d) Observing others in a social setting 19\. \*\*Natural Selection\*\* is a concept introduced by: \- a) Sigmund Freud \- b) B.F. Skinner \- c) Charles Darwin, referring to the process where traits that enhance survival are passed on to future generations \- d) John B. Watson 20\. \*\*Personality Psychology\*\* studies: \- a) How thoughts influence behavior \- b) Patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique \- c) The role of culture in personality development \- d) Social influences on personality 21\. \*\*Positive Psychology\*\* focuses on: \- a) The treatment of mental illness \- b) Promoting human strengths and well-being \- c) Diagnosing personality disorders \- d) Understanding social influences on behavior 22\. \*\*Psychiatry\*\* is: \- a) A branch of psychology that studies behavior \- b) A medical field specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses \- c) The study of emotions and motivations \- d) The use of therapy to treat behavioral disorders 23\. \*\*Psychoanalytic Theory\*\* focuses on: \- a) The influence of external stimuli on behavior \- b) The role of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior \- c) Cognitive processes and problem-solving \- d) Human growth and potential 24\. \*\*Psychometrics\*\* is the study of: \- a) The effects of culture on human behavior \- b) The measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence and personality \- c) The impact of emotions on decision-making \- d) Group behavior and dynamics 25\. \*\*Psychology\*\* is best defined as: \- a) The study of unconscious desires \- b) The scientific study of behavior and mental processes \- c) The measurement of emotional responses \- d) The study of human cultures 26\. \*\*Social Psychology\*\* focuses on: \- a) How individuals interact and influence one another \- b) The diagnosis of mental illness \- c) Biological factors affecting behavior \- d) The study of perception and memory 27\. \*\*Stimulus\*\* refers to: \- a) The response to a behavior \- b) Anything in the environment that elicits a response from an organism \- c) The cause of abnormal behavior \- d) The internal thoughts that drive actions 28\. \*\*Structuralism\*\* aims to: \- a) Analyze the purpose of mental functions \- b) Break down mental processes into their basic elements \- c) Understand the unconscious mind \- d) Study behavior in practical settings 29\. \*\*Theory\*\* in psychology refers to: \- a) A hypothesis that has been proven true \- b) An explanation or model that accounts for a set of observations and predicts future outcomes \- c) A specific experimental result \- d) An opinion or belief held by psychologists 30\. \*\*Unconscious\*\* refers to: \- a) Thoughts and feelings outside of conscious awareness that influence behavior \- b) A state of sleep or rest \- c) Automatic responses to stimuli \- d) Cognitive processes involved in decision-making \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key People\*\* 31\. \*\*Sigmund Freud\*\* is known for: \- a) Developing behaviorism \- b) Founding psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes unconscious drives and childhood experiences \- c) Establishing cognitive psychology \- d) Promoting functionalism 32\. \*\*G. Stanley Hall\*\* is significant for: \- a) Founding the first psychological laboratory in the U.S. and being the first president of the American Psychological Association \- b) His work on behaviorism \- c) Developing humanistic psychology \- d) Creating the concept of the unconscious mind 33\. \*\*Donald Hebb\*\* is best known for: \- a) His work on humanistic psychology \- b) Proposing that the brain functions as a network of interconnected cells (Hebbian theory) \- c) Founding structuralism \- d) Promoting introspection as a method 34\. \*\*William James\*\* is associated with: \- a) The theory of natural selection \- b) Founding functionalism, which focused on the purpose of mental processes \- c) The development of humanistic psychology \- d) Psychoanalytic theory 35\. \*\*Carl Rogers\*\* is best known for: \- a) Developing behaviorism \- b) Founding humanistic psychology and person-centered therapy \- c) His work in cognitive development \- d) Conducting early experiments in introspection 36\. \*\*Martin Seligman\*\* is known for his work in: \- a) Behaviorism \- b) Psychoanalysis \- c) Positive psychology