Spanish Protected Areas PDF

2 different group assignments 1) 18 Nov. 1st. PPT separate from indi...

2 different group assignments 1) 18 Nov. 1st. PPT separate from individual assignment. Unit 1: Spanish Protected Areas ↳ assignment 14 per group. guadlines in Introduction Moodo. ≈40min National Parks → 18 Nov deadline Other Parks to present. Nature reserve ≈ month. Natural monument slides whatever Protected landscape we want grape = protected are Other protected áreas Natura 2000 ecological network ↗ written task individual-species Marine protected areas we pick a country what we want to say 1 1 ❑ Introduction similar to the assignment.(group). Kingdom of Spain: National goverment } different types of Autonomous communities (17 in total): Autonomous goverment laws-different levels  - different climate = ❑ Introduction variety for diffrent "habitats" 1 biodiversity - migratory rats 2 big 3 4 5 like in share, ⑤ cowboy monies were recorded Africa near here) i "dry" ar" stage Spain is known and appreciated worldwide a It of Medditerania Σ biodiversity among other things for its natural abundance and biodiversity. Its favourable biogeographical position, variety of climate and orography, extensive coastline and significant groups of islands confer Spain with extraordinary natural conditions. 3 ❑ introduction The great diversity of ecosystems, natural areas and wild species native to Spain make it the country with the greatest biodiversity in Europe and a point of reference on the issue of nature conservation. 4 ❑ Introduction the king Spain was one of the pioneer countries in the world to stablish the protection of nature. The first National Park law was approved on December 8, 1916 Under this law the first two Spanish national parks were declared in 1918. The sanctuary of Covadonga (Picos de Europa National Park, Asturias) was the first National space protected by the pioneering Spanish law. Here is where begun the reconquest of the Spanish natural heritage that we enjoy today. The same place where begun the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Christian kingdoms. 5  ❑ Introduction Protected areas in Spain: - most! National park → start I Other parks 3 Nature reserve ¼ we Natural monument Protected landscape will 5 National Par k 6 Other protected areas study Marine pro tected are a in Nature 200 0 7 Natura 2000 ecological network Natural monumen t detain. Other pro tected are as Other par ks Pro tected land scapes Nature reserve 8 Marine protected area most! figures ↳ what are the main figures of protection we have in the countries we pick! 6 ❑ Introduction Protected areas in Spain: Law 42/2007 on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, which repeals Law 4/1989, of March 27. Directives 79/409/CEE, of April 2, 1979, relative to the conservation of wild birds. Directive 92/43/CEE, of May 21, 1992, relative to the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora EU commission. Valencian Comunity: Law of the Generalitat 11/1994, of December 27, on Protected Natural Areas of the Valencian Community. ↳ most 1? here 7  ❑ Introduction Law 42/2007 “Natural Heritage and Biodiversity” cageSpain is one of the countries with the greatest biological diversity of the European Union due, among others, to factors such as its geographical position, its geological diversity, its climatea and its paleobiogeographic history.> lots of caves Law 42/2007 of December 13, on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, establishes the basic legal regime for the conservation, sustainable use, improvement and restoration of natural heritage and biodiversity. The principles that inspire the law focus on the maintenance of essential ecological processes and basic vital systems, on the preservation of biological, genetic, population and species diversity, the variety, uniqueness and beauty of }" natural ecosystems, and geological and landscape diversity. * why or what is a law protecting ↗ can be a test question! ⅓ Background to the Law 42/2007 of December 13, on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity Law 4/1989 on the conservation of natural spaces Background to the Law 4/1989 on the conservation of natural spaces Law of Natural Spaces of May 2, 1975 conservation laws Forest Law of 1957 (arts. 78 and 79) National Parks Law of 1916 ❑ Introduction Law 42/2007 “Natural Heritage and Biodiversity” The law establishes a series of instruments for the knowledge and planning of natural heritage and biodiversity: The Spanish Inventory of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity The Strategic Plan for Natural Heritage and Biodiversity The Guidelines for the Management of natural resources Regarding the conservation of habitats and natural space: The Marine Protected Areas The Natura 2000 European Ecological Network The inland Protected Areas Regarding the conservation of wild biodiversity: The List of Species under Special Protection Regime The Spanish Catalog of Threatened Species The Spanish Catalog of Invasive Alien Species https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2007/12/14/pdfs/A51275-51327.pdf 9 ❑ Introduction Law 42/2007 “Natural Heritage and Biodiversity” Depending on the species and values to be protected and the management objectives to be met, in Spain the Protected Natural Spaces, whether terrestrial or marine, are classified into five basic categories at the state level, established by Law 42/2007, of December 13. However, given that most of the Autonomous Communities have developed their own legislation on protected areas, there are currently more than 40 different designations for Protected Natural Spaces in Spain. very specific questions → study ∀ from the years! P Pts as there is not much theory. dates/names 10 ❑ Introduction migratory birds moves so they need Birds directive Directive 2009/147/EC worldwide protection. It is the oldest piece of EU legislation on the environment and one of its cornerstones. Member States unanimously adopted in April 1979. Amended in 2009, to became the Directive 2009/147/EC. The Directive therefore places great emphasis on the protection of habitats for endangered and migratory species because habitat loss and degradation are the most serious threats to the conservation of wild birds as well as , intensive agriculture, forestry, fisheries and the use of pesticides. Thirty-two percent of the 500 wild bird species in Europe are currently not in a good conservation status. It establishes a network of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) including all the most suitable territories for these species aiming to protect all of the wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union. Since 1994, all SPAs are included in the Natura 2000 ecological network, set up under the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC Albufera → 2000 Natura ❑ Introduction Habitats directive Directive 92/43/EEC Adopted in 1992, the Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora aims to promote the maintenance of biodiversity, taking account of economic, social, cultural and regional requirements. It forms the cornerstone of Europe's nature conservation policy with the Birds Directive and establishes the EU wide Natura 2000 ecological network of protected areas, safeguarded against potentially damaging developments. The Habitats Directive ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species. close connection between bird & habitat directive ❑ Introduction Requirements for the nomination of protected areas: Areas can be declared as protected under the Spanish law (law 42/20007) and included in the Spanish Catalogue of Habitats in Danger of Disappearance if one of the following circumstances applies: 1) Very small and decreasing area 2) Destroyed in most of their natural range 3) Drastic deterioration of their composition, structure and ecological functions in most of their natural range 4) At high risk of irreversible transformation in the short or medium term in a significant part of their distribution area, including due to the effects of climate change Nominations normally are submitted by an initiative of the Autonomous communities or by the Ministry itself (National government) 13  marine to us to land protection ❑ Introduction for our country for the group assig­ nment. similar table → curopean Harem' Total of protected area by autonomous community 14  i ❑ Introduction Parks Parks are natural areas, which, due to the beauty of their landscapes, the representativeness of their ecosystems or the uniqueness of their flora, fauna or geological diversity, including their geomorphological formations, have ecological, aesthetic, and educational and scientific whose conservation deserves preferential attention. In the Parks, the use of natural resources may be limited in case that are incompatible with the purposes that have justified the creation of the park. In the Parks the entry of visitors will be facilitated with the precise limitations to guarantee its protection. The management will be based on the Master Plans for Use and Management 15  naturar 2 ❑ National parks National parks national ① A national park is a natural space of high natural and cultural value, little altered by human activity that, due to its exceptional natural values ​(flora, fauna, geomorphology) and its representative character deserves preferential attention for its conservation. It is declared of general interest of the Nation as it is representative of the Spanish natural heritage. For a territory to be declared: ↘ conditions It must be representative of its natural system, To have a large and sufficient surface to allow natural evolution and ecological processes To present Little human intervention on its natural values To have territorial continuity. Not to have inhabited area in its interior (with some exceptions). To be surrounded by a territory likely to be declared a peripheral protection zone. To have a marked value of scientific interest. This refers, in general, to the presence of autochthonous species typical of that área. territorial continuity → the whole territory needs to be connected. 16 ❑ National parks Network of Spanish National Parks 16 National parks Last one: july 2021 Sierra de las nieves (2021) 22 979,76 ha watch Link to Spanish series of documentaries of 15 mins per national park https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgEKXqq2AaxUAEGasJADx4ElhBvmiKyjP ❑ National parks TEIDE NATIONAL PARK (1954) The Teide National Park was declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. It is also a European Diploma by the Council of Europe and is part of the Natura 2000 Network Places. The Teide National Park is located in the center of the island, at an average altitude of 2,000 meters It has an official altitude of 3715 meters above sea level and 7500 → highest meters above the ocean floor (Everest has 8849meters) being the highest peak in Spain and of any landmass in the Atlantic Ocean. peak in It is the third largest volcano on Earth, after Mauna Kea and Spain Mauna Loa, both in Hawaii. 3ʳᵈ biggest ↗ volcano in the world Its record-breaking figures also include that it is the most visited national park in Spain and Europe, receiving around three million tourists a year. 18 ❑ National parks GARAJONAY NATIONAL PARK (1981) Culminating point of La Gomera, with 1475 m. Tall. It is the main exponent of the Canarian laurel forest and has a very high number of endemic species of flora and fauna. In 1981 it was declared a National Park and then in 1986 it was included among the assets of the Natural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Its surface area exceeds 10% of the total of the island. 19  → Turia ❑ Other parks Other Parks → Albufera. National Law Regional National Park 16 Regional, or Natural Park152 https://www.eyeonspain.com/blogs/spains-top-ten/12944/SPAINS-TOP-10---National-Parks.aspx 20 ❑ Other parks there are differences. Natural parks ② They are spaces that, due to their particular ecosystem of flora and fauna, must receive special treatment. In this sense, the same protection measures already mentioned for National Parks or, at least, very similar measures are taken into account. Despite being areas of great natural wealth, they are not so important from a scientific point of view, since the species that can be found in their territory are also present in other geographical areas or parks. Natural Parks are normally managed by autonomous governments É Natural Parks, distributed throughout its entire geography, with a joint extension of 3,402.062 hectares, which Spain has 132 represents 6.74% of the total surface of Spain. From the Cantabrian marshes of Victoria, Joel and Santoña, to the the Gran Canaria pine forests of Pilancones, or from the volcanoes of La Palma to the Menorcan Albufera des Grau, Spain has a wide and magnificent representation of Natural Parks. 21  2,52 ❑ Other parks In Spain there are 132 Regional or Natural Parks 22 ❑ Other parks Sierra de Irta Natural Park Located north of the province of Castellón, the Sierra de Irta It occupies an area of ​almost 8,000 hectares of unaltered nature and steep slopes that form small coves in their gentle descent to the sea. In addition to its protection as a Natural Park, the Sierra de Irta was declared in 2003 a Marine Reserve of Fishing Interest. A mosaic of coastal ecosystems that is especially representative of the northern part of the Valencian Community and in which, among others, such peculiar species are preserved. ❑ Nature reserve 8 main protective figures of protection. ③ National Par k Nature reserve Marine pro tected are a Nature 200 0 Natural monumen t Other pro tected are as Other par ks Pro tected land scapes Nature reserve 24 ❑ Nature reserve Nature reserve Nature Reserves are natural spaces created to protect ecosystems, communities or biological elements that, due to their rarity, fragility, importance or uniqueness, deserve special appreciation. D:\Doctorado\CURSO 06-07\Práctica-Fotos\Valle de Iruelas\DSC02238.JPG In the Reserves, the exploitation of resources will be limited, except in those cases in which this exploitation is compatible with the conservation of the values that are intended to be protected. In general, the collection of biological or geological material will be prohibited, except in those cases where, for research, conservation or educational reasons (subject to the pertinent administrative authorization) Natural reserve of Valley of Iruelas (Avila) 25 ❑ Natural monument ④ National Par k Natural monument Marine pro tected are a Nature 200 0 Natural monumen t Other pro tected are as Other par ks Pro tected land scapes Nature reserve 26 ❑ Natural monument he gives an area described Natural monument and we need to say what - Natural Monuments are spaces or elements of nature basically constituted by formations of notorious singularity, rarity or beauty, which deserve to be the object of special protection. type of Unique and monumental trees, geological formations, paleontological protecti u sites and other elements that gather a special interest due to the singularity or figure importance of their scientific, cultural or landscape values will also be it considered Natural Monuments. has 'exam? Natural monument of las médulas (León) 27 ❑ Natural monument Natural Monument Atlantic Islands of Galicia: they are formed by four archipelagos, Cies, Ons, Sálvora and Cortegada, provinces of Pontevedra and La Coruña (Galicia). Declaration date: 2009. Flora and fauna: underwater kelp forests and large colonies of seabirds. Maritime-terrestrial ecosystem with great cliffs full of legends. On the Island of Cortegada is the largest laurel forest in Europe. Rodas beach in the Cíes Islands was chosen by The Guardian newspaper in 2007 as the most beautiful in the world. Natural monument of Atlantic Islands (Galicia) 18 28 ❑ Natural monument Natural Monument Singular Trees are examples of trees that, due to their extraordinary or remarkable characteristics (size, age, history, beauty, location, etc.) deserve special protection. http://www.publispain.com/blogs/jardineria/uploads/2008/02/drago.jpg Unique Millennial Dragon Tree: Tenerife (Canary Islands). Date of declaration: 1917. It is listed in the Guiness book as the oldest in Spain. It is considered one of the oldest living beings in the world. It weighs about 140 tons. Natural monument of Drago milenario (Canary islands) 29 ❑ Protected. landscape National Par k Protected Landscape Marine pro tected are a Nature 200 0 Natural monumen t Other pro tected are as Other par ks Pro tected land scapes 5 Nature reserve 30 ❑ Protected. landscape Protected Landscape It is a space occupied by gatherers, shepherds, hunters and fishermen who have a very intimate and specialized knowledge of the environment Las Tablas de Daimiel is an ecosystem originated by the overflow of several rivers. Declaration date: 1973. Flora and fauna: There is a great variety of aquatic birds, as well as carp and turtles. Protected landscape of las Tablas of Daimiel: Ciudad Real (Castilla-La Mancha). 31 ❑ Other protected areas Other protected areas National Par k protected by international programs Marine pro tected are a Nature 200 0 Natural monumen t Other pro tected are as Other par ks ⑧ Pro tected land scapes Nature reserve 32 ❑ Other protected areas Protected areas by Iternational programs: http://reddeparquesnacionales.mma.es/parques/imagenes/logo_pat_hum.jpg 33 ❑ Other protected areas Protected areas by regional laws Micro-reserve is a regional protection figure of an area of less than 20 hectares in extension, which is declared the Ministry of the Environment of the Valencian Autonomous Comunity, in order to favor the conservation of rare botanical species , endemic or threatened. Its purposes are the following: - To preserve the "classic botanical localities", that is, the places where new species were discovered for the first time for science, many of them exclusive to the Valencian Community worldwide. - To favor the conservation of the substrates on which the vegetation grows, and especially the geological or soil type profiles. - To preserve outstanding inventories of vegetation units protected by the Habitats Directive of the European Union. - To conserve, individually or together, monumental or singular trees that grow on natural lands. - To preserve educational botanical tours and ecological routes for botanical teaching. - To facilitate the reintroduction or population reinforcement of threatened or endangered plants. 34 ❑ Natura 2000 ecological network Doñana, Andalucia,Spain. Natura 2000 National Par k Marine pro tected are a Nature 200 0 Natural monumen t ⑥ Other pro tected are as Other par ks Pro tected land scapes Nature reserve 35 ❑ Natura 2000 ecological network Natura 2000 ecological network Most protected areas in Spain are included in the Natura 2000 network while they are also protected by the country’s laws. According to the Natura 2000, in 2020 there were 1872 Natura sites in Spain, covering a total area of 222515 km2, 27% of its land. This fact makes Spain the european country that most contributes to the Natura 2000 network. Natura 2000 is made up of two figures (UNIT3) Site of Community Importance (SCI)/ Special area of conservation (SAC) Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA) 36 ❑ Marine reserve Marine protected area National Par k Marine pro tected are a Nature 200 0 Natural monumen t Other pro tected are as ⑦ Other par ks Pro tected land scapes Nature reserve 37 ❑ Marine protected area Marine protected area In Spain, the figure of “Marine Protected Area” MPA was created based in Law 42/2007, as one of the categories of classification of protected natural spaces (articles 29 and 32). MPA is defined as natural spaces designated for the protection of ecosystems, communities or biological or geological elements of the marine environment, which, due to their rarity, fragility, importance or uniqueness, deserve special protection. It includes the marine reserves (UNIT 3) 38