Unit 1 Matter and Qualitative Analysis PDF
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This document provides a basic overview of matter, states of matter, and various physical properties. It includes examples of different physical states at room temperature, and examples of properties like density, malleability, ductility, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity.
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## Unit 1.1 Qualitative and Quantitative analysis ### States of matter A pot of water is placed on the stove. A short while later, it boils as the temperature of the water reaches 100°C and changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state. If water boils into steam, is it still water, or does it beco...
## Unit 1.1 Qualitative and Quantitative analysis ### States of matter A pot of water is placed on the stove. A short while later, it boils as the temperature of the water reaches 100°C and changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state. If water boils into steam, is it still water, or does it become something new? If water freezes into ice, is it still water, or does it become something new? To change liquid water to its solid state, you must cool it to 0°C. ### Physical Properties Examining a glass of liquid water, you notice that it is colourless, odourless, tasteless, and liquid at room temperature. All these familiar characteristics-colour, odour, taste, states(boiling and freezing point)-are examples of physical properties. Physical properties can be observed without actually changing the identity of the sample. The following are some examples of types of physical properties. ### Physical State: A physical state is the form (solid, liquid, or gas) in which matter exists at various temperatures. #### Example of states at room temperature - Solid at 20°C: Gold - Liquid at 20°C: Mercury - Gas at 20°C: Helium ### 1. Density Density is the amount of mass of a substance in a given volume. #### Example of Density - Lead is used for fishing weights because it is more dense than water. - Two objects of equal volume, but one object contains more matter than the other. This object is considered more dense. ### 2. Malleability Malleability is the ability to be compressed or pounded into a thin sheet without shattering. #### Example of Malleability - Aluminum can be hammered into sheets of Aluminum foil. ### 3. Ductility Ductility is the ability to be stretched or drawn into the shape of a thread, strand, or wire. #### Example of Ductility - Candy taffy is ductile because it can be drawn into thin strands. The opposite of ductile is brittle. ### 4. Thermal Conductivity Thermal conductivity is the ability to transfer heat to something else. #### Example of Thermal Conductivity - Metal is used for pots and pans because it is effective at conducting heat from the burner to the food being cooked. ### 5. Electrical Conductivity Electrical conductivity is the ability for a substance to conduct electricity.
