Unit 1 - Digital Information Vocab PDF

Unit 1 - Digital Information Vocab Binary: A way of representing information using only two options. Bit: A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1 Byte: 8 bits Overflow Error: Error from attempting to represent a number tha...

Unit 1 - Digital Information Vocab Binary: A way of representing information using only two options. Bit: A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1 Byte: 8 bits Overflow Error: Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large. Round-off Error: Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. The value is rounded. Analog Data: Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples of analog data include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race. Digital Data: Data that changes discretely through a finite set of possible values Sampling: A process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples. Lossless Compression: A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible. Lossy Compression: A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible. Intellectual Property: A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc. Creative Commons: A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created Prototype- preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It's the original drawing from which something real might be built or created. Abstraction: Abstraction reduces information and detail to facilitate focus on relevant concepts. "we create simplified representations of something more complex" It allows us to hide the details and instead focus on problems at a higher level. It is a process, a strategy, and the result of reducing detail to focus on concepts relevant to understanding and solving problems. Open Source: programs that are made freely available and may be redistributed and modified. (website that post helping code segments for say robotics teams)​ Open Access: online research output free of restrictions to access and use (such as a library database or museum website for images of artwork) Unit 2: The Internet VOCABULARY Computing Device: a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors Computing System: a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose Computing Network: a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data. Path: the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver. Bandwidth: the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second. Protocol: An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system IP Address: The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet. Internet Protocol (IP): a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device Router: A type of computer that forwards data across a network Packet: A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all. Redundancy: the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network. Fault Tolerant: Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups. HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet Domain Name System (DNS): the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses Internet: a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols. World Wide Web: a system of linked pages, programs, and files. Digital Divide: differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics Unit 3 - Intro to App Design Unit Vocabulary User Interface: the inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software. User interfaces can include a variety of forms such as buttons, menus, images, text, and graphics.  Input: data that are sent to a computer for processing by a program. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text. Output: any data that are sent from a program to a device. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text. Program Statement: a command or instruction. Sometimes also referred to as a code statement. Program: a collection of program statements. Programs run (or “execute”) one command at a time. Sequential Programming: program statements run in order, from top to bottom. Event Driven Programming: some program statements run when triggered by an event, like a mouse click or a key press Sequential programs run line by line Event-driven programs run code when they are triggered by events Both still run one program statement or command at a time Sequential programs run the same way each time Event-driven programs will run differently based on user interactions Documentation: a written description of how a command or piece of code works or was developed. Comment: form of program documentation written into the program to be read by people and which do not affect how a program runs. Pair Programming: a collaborative programming style in which two programmers switch between the roles of writing code and tracking or planning high level progress Debugging: Finding and fixing problems in an algorithm or program. Development process: the steps or phases used to create a piece of software. Typical phases include investigating, designing, prototyping, and testing Event: associated with an action and supplies input data to a program. Can be generated when a key is pressed, a mouse is clicked, a program is started, or by any other defined action that affects the flow of execution. What is the difference between describing the purpose of the program and describing the functionality? Aren’t the purpose and function the same thing? The purpose of a program is to solve a problem or to pursue an interest through creative expression. In essence, why the programmer decided to create this program. For example, “the purpose of this program is to encourage others to recycle." The function of a program is how it behaves during execution and is often described by how a user interacts with it. In essence, what the program does. For example, “the program accomplishes its purpose by allowing users to enter in the type of material a product is made out of and providing information about where this material can be recycled. The user earns points for each piece of recycled material they recycle."