Endocrine System - Unit 1 Chapter 16 PDF

Summary

This document explains the endocrine system, including the functions of endocrine glands and hormones. It covers hormone types, actions, and control mechanisms, providing detailed information for students learning about human anatomy and physiology.

Full Transcript

Hatpter 16 TheEndocrinesystem controls metabolism growthdevelopmentandlongterm activities ofbody tissues ExocrineGlands releasesecreationsintoducts Enatoirinesiana's EU h'aM ecretehormones chemical iedssmagiamnasm...

Hatpter 16 TheEndocrinesystem controls metabolism growthdevelopmentandlongterm activities ofbody tissues ExocrineGlands releasesecreationsintoducts Enatoirinesiana's EU h'aM ecretehormones chemical iedssmagiamnasm messengers intoECFthat goes intothe bloodstream TargetcellsTargetorgans have specificmembranereceptors orintracellularreceptors thatenable specificresponse tohormones Endocrinology thestudyof Endocrine organsandhormones endocrineFunctions regulationof cellular metabolism andenergybalance long termchanges GrowthandDevelopment Reproduction Maintenance of electrolyteswaterandnutrientbalance inblood ndocrine Majororgans Cartilage of larynx pituitaryGland Gland ThyroidGland 1 f E.it ParathyroidGland ThyroidGland ÉIeii AdrenalGland fÉÉffÉÉÉÉffÉ Éf ffÉÉffÉÉfjgy fff i iiI meanana Hyperggging.es ueiggpqpffgn.on oiiini i hemicalMessengers ormones long distancechemical messengers signalingmolecules thattravel inbloodyou fu't8 7 19Me'm disIFex effectsIntine thaemlnqgifneai.se Ete'snfn pafacflnt.es iomaiursiegndflnsg'moYehitles flateffectnearby cells ormone chemical classes Ex Ex oh peptide AminoAcidBased IttffIiinepmine Esthetician Amines peptides proteins IIIII.it Pro aminoacids largest hormone class Mostly water soluble circulate in bloodstreamfreely on Tyr Ile steroids subcategory oflipids synthesized fromcholesterol adrenal cortex iipid.VE rman Earhtdmbtes assmd'professin 98 Ex Testosterone Progesterone A t.it I IIio'III IiiiitiIIi IE ormone IIIIrIiEEi'IIII.ir Iiesi Action Iiii.si butonlyaffecttargetcellsorgans hi Fn f fiuftp.Y nztyhemebsody hh.it as India annsi ifeng.in eea iim eaigciintgiinitainet.se cell water solublehormones AminoAcidBasedhormones are watersoluble Exceptthyroidhormone andcannot thephospholipid bilayer of plasmamembranes Targetsthe receptoroncells surface adenylate formone GPLR TAMP Kinase prhotein G GPCR and cAMP mechanism 1ˢᵗmessenger bindsmembranereceptor 1 Hormone BF.ir ieinaatiitaeiesGadintiatecyclase em fate'sinitiating fetes messengers Yrboste.ME a9h membrane andbindtointracellularreceptors Activates specificgeneswhichleadtoproteinsynthesis ThyroidHormone an aminoacidbased hormone that is lipidsoluble and functions similar to the steroids lipid soluble Gene Activation 1 steroiddiffusesinto cell by intracellular receptor 2 hormonereceptorcomplex entersnucleus 3 hormonereceptorcomplexbinds a specific DNAregion ntess'tfPhtgtotethegene to mRNA Bad.iniifei9 lipid soluble water soluble Hormone steroids ThyroidHormone Aminoacidbased Hormones sources 99hr9 stealthily Allotherendocrineglands Transportation inBlood Boundtoplasmaproteins Free inplasma Half life in Blood metabolised most byliver mostremovEdbykidneys location of receptors intracellular plasmamembrane at aren't isfsActthrougps h'messenger Mechanisangefaction n Half life health Efirmonte 999k at 9e pstance todecrease by Control of Hormone release th n ttt ofkeyions or nutrients in blood parathyroidglandsmonitoring calciumlevels in blood Neural stimuli Hormonesreleasedbystimulation of nervoussystem Adrenalmedulla releasing Epinephorine E or Norepinephrine NE aka adrenaline into the bloodstream H i n mtoMe s hormonesthat control other endocrine glands fromAnteriorPituitary x AnteriorPituitary Gland secretes hormones that stimulate the thyroidglands adren cortex andtestes or ovaries Specific Endocrine Glands Pituitary Gland hypophysis location in SellaTurcica of sphenoid bone Master Endocrine Gland influences other endocrine glands Mostly controlled by Hypothalamus connected by infundibulum orPosterior Pituitary neurohypophysis includesinfundibulum Neural tissue from hypothalamus during development storage for 2 neurohormones made by Hypothalamus orAnteriorPituitary adenohypophysis Glandular Tissue that makes secretes manyhormones Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis Hypothalamic Hypophyseal tract Neurons that run through the infundibulum connects Hypothalamus to posteriorpituitary originates in 2 Hypothalamic nuclei nuclei collection of neuron blagiesgraymate 895 8ichtheh's EntitagneticHormone BoothEestiffdcia.PE siorpituitary until triggered by action potential OsteriorPituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones tocin sina.dkindtait.amtethfotimoid9i s milk ftp.hhkyritgfifgfigati short chain peptide 9 amino acids ADH inhibits urine formation by promotingreabsorption ntipjyrgftjjcesst.lymone as In stthhidfdbqteriobatgpe.ph'indration tide Plantin'tafia's pothalamusmonitor solute wate gsnmegegqpotnorgip.by Alcohol acts as diuretic increased urination dehydration Diabetes insipidus is a deficiency causing intensethirst excessiveurination ypothalamic Pituitary Axis Hypophyseal PortalSystem AnteriorPituitary from eh little s9edsathfingteemriboryfityit.ee Grimsen ypophyseal Portal system vascular connection between anterior pituitary and hypothalamus primary capillaryplexus Hypophysealportalveins secondarycapillaryplexus Hypophyseal portal veins connect primary capillary plexus in the infundibulum to secondary capillary plexus in anterior pituitary releasing inhibiting hormones fromventral hypothalamus circulates through the hypophyseal portalsystem to the anterior pituitary regulates secretion of hormones produced byanteriorpituitary hypophyseal Portal System controls AnteriorPituitary secrete releasinginhibiting hormones into the primary tap hagiyamp agurons where they shitiate In.tt Eetha's'eu9ofPaItelofeip utQa9yter bPituitary Pituitary secretes hormones into secondary Yap a 59 19 to ramping the.frhtafi9n nteriorPituitaryHormones Effie fi i Fai LuteinizingHormone LH iimi iintropicHormones 89 Hr'm'The GH most activate cAMP second messengersystems intargetcells Thyroid stimulating Hormone TSH or thyrotropin tropic Hormone that stimulates the development activity of the Thyroid Glan controlled by thyrotropin releasinghormone TRH fromthe Hypothalamus Ex in negativefeedback If'f9ihh qslevfstfscretahf.fi'd hormones result Hypothalamus TRH AnteriorPituitaryGland TSH Thyroid TSHR Targetcells Ssiimiiat Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTHor corticotropin Tropichormone that stimulates Adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones such as glucocorticoids to resist bodystressors fever or lowbloodsugar controlled by corticotropin releasinghormone CRH fromthe Hypothalamus Ex Risinglevels of glucocorticoids feedbackand inhibitsACTH secretion Gonadotropins FolliclestimulatingHormone FSH luteinizinghormone LH Tropichormonesthatregulate the testes andovaries M FSHstimulatesgameteproduction eggsand sperm MLHpromotesproduction of gonadalhormone je 1 gg releasinghormone GnRH from Hypothalamus stimulates gonadotropinrelease 997 95 Ex elevated gonadalhormone levelsinhibit FSHandLH release GrowthHormone somatotropin anabolic hormone to promote growth metabolism fattygig as fuels increase bloodglucose andincrease metaboliceffectsipyngasae.gg skeffatmnuesfeets.iogYwseIYpiiife tifnrceitiiisik.the.in nis l imagestineffaeiuit.es bone matrix homeostasis of GH effect is controlled by growthhormone releasinghormone GNRH growth hormone inhibitinghormone GHIH from hypothalamus anterior pituitary fffttt adf.tt Hypothalamus secretes GNRH OHIH ffffg Posterior Pituitary GrowthPigmoting metabolicactions g skeletal traskeletal met dism camrpqaygy.tn ifeng.intrtitgeeta Ed what growth fin in gstiis ceilfEsen pthesis release Ex Gigantism childhoodhypersecreation of6H Acromegaly regtion of GH Qyhsehypghs.gg enlargedhands feet and face Dwarfism childhood Hyposecreation of GH Protactin PRL similar to GrowthHormone stimulatesmilkproductionin the breasts Prolactinrelease isinhibited by prolactininhibitinghormone PTH fromthe Hypothalamus GOAT Granthe oxytocin antigium thyroigitimasting stimulating Follicles FLAP cytentiing Adrenggtigtopic prolactin

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