Unit 1 Basic Concept of Tourism, Sustainability, and Sustainable Tourism PDF

M odule TM 203 Sustainable Mr. Dennis C. Oberio  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 MODULE FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COPYRIGHT © 2024 by Dennis C. Oberio MHM ALL RIGHTS RES...

M odule TM 203 Sustainable Mr. Dennis C. Oberio  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 MODULE FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COPYRIGHT © 2024 by Dennis C. Oberio MHM ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS MODULE MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOCOPYING, MIMEOGRAPHING, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNERS AND THE PUBLISHER. Published and exclusively distributed by: WEST VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING HOUSE AND BOOKSTORE La Paz, Iloilo City 5000 ISBN - 2|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Mr. Dennis C. Oberio 3|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Notes to the Students This module is a part of series of Modules for flexible learning spearheaded by the Office of the Director of Instruction and Center for Teaching Excellence, West Visayas State University. This is meant for the course TM 203– Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism is part of Tourism Management's major subject to allow students learn about the importance of preserving the environment and make necessary actions to help promote sustainable practices. There are seven (8) units in this module. Unit 1 – Basic Concept of Tourism, Sustainability, and Sustainable Tourism Unit 2 – Definition, Dimensions, and Determinants, and Impacts of Tourism Unit 3 – Tourism Impact Assessment Unit 4 – Responsible Tourism Unit 5 – Visitor Management Unit 6 – Tourism Impact Mitigation Unit 7 – Sustainable Tourism Strategies, Procedures, and Design Unit 8 – Community Participation for Sustainable Tourism The learning outcomes for TM 201, specified below are unpacked by the specific objectives of each unit. Upon successful completion of this course you would have: 1. defined and explained the basic concept of tourism, sustainability, sustainable tourism, and tourism impacts; 2. identified and assessed the various dimensions and determinants of tourism impacts; 3. discussed the various initiatives for creating responsible tourism behavior at various levels and by different stakeholders; 4. examined the possible impacts of tourism on the environment, economy, and on culture and society and minimizing tourism's adverse effects; and 5. investigated, designed, and presented a sustainable tourism plan. 4|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Notes to the Students Before you begin learning what the module is about, please be familiar with some icons to guide you through this instructional tool. You are right now reading the introduction entitled Notes to the Students. This will be followed by the Table of Contents. The unit will then unfold in this sequence: Activate Prior Knowledge. In here you will do an activity that you already know and is related to the lesson. Analyze New Knowledge. This is where you answer the question completely, what does it take to learn something about the lesson. Acquire New Knowledge. This is where the lesson is presented. Several topics may be discussed as stipulated in the learning objectives. Apply your Knowledge. In this part you will practice what you learned. Assess your Knowledge. You will be tested here and you will be able to know the gaps your understanding in this lesson. If you are not satisfied with the feedback, you may go back to some points that you have missed. References. List of the resources and links from which the content of the lesson is based from. These may take in the form of books, internet sites, blogs, videos, photographs, animation, power point presentation, icons, etc. How Much I Have Learned will be found at the end of the module. This will serve as the written examination and the submission of the research proposal. Feedback will not be posted here but will be discussed online with your Course Professor. 5|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Notes to the Students Inside every unit you can find instructions. That tells you how long the module will take you to work on. Both formative practices have to be responded to and counter-checked with the feedback attached. Honesty is a school policy and yours also. Be serious about your learning practices. This will determine who you are and what you will become in the future, to make you proud of West Visayas State University. You must submit this module to your instructor at the end of the semester, or as otherwise directed. On a schedule meeting, inquiries on some points which are not fully understood will be made online through Google Classroom. This module is a self-contained learning kit that provides instructions to lead you to the end. You are set to start now. Making up most of the day now! Enjoy it! 6|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Table of Contents Notes to the Students How Much Do You Know Unit I. Basic Concept of Tourism, Sustainability, and Sustainable Tourism a) Tourism Industry b) Landscape of the Philippines Tourism Industry c) Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism, and Sustainable Development d) Dimensions of Sustainable Development e) Aims and Pillars of Sustainable Tourism f) Foundation of Sustainable Tourism Unit II. Definition, Dimensions, and Determinants, and Impacts of Tourism a) Definition of Tourism Impact b) Dimensions of Tourism Impacts c) Determinants of Tourism Impacts d) Tourism Impacts on the Environment e) Tourism Impacts on the Economy f) Tourism Impacts on Culture and Society Unit III. Tourism Impact Assessment a) Importance of Tourism Impact Assessment b) Basic Considerations in Tourism Impact Assessment c) Tourism Impact Assessment Tools Unit IV. Responsible Tourism a) Promoting Responsible Tourism at the National Level b) Environmental Evaluation, Compliance, and Monitoring Voluntary Initiatives and Certifications c) Tourism Awards and Accreditation d) Responsible Tourism by Industry e) Fair Trade Practices f) Social Responsibility g) Sustainable Operational Activities h) Responsible Tourist Behavior Unit V. Visitor Management a) The Importance of Managing Visitors b) Carrying Capacity 7|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 c) Site Management Techniques d) Management Options to Minimizing Visitor Impacts e) Alternative Approaches to Monitoring Tourism Impacts Unit VI. Tourism Impact Mitigation a) Definition of Mitigation b) Minimizing Carbon Footprint c) Air Pollution Mitigation d) Wastewater-Saving Technologies e) Solid Waste Reduction f) Sustainable Building Design g) Mitigation Measures to Reduce Noise Unit VII. Sustainable Tourism Strategies, Procedures, and Design a) Promoting Responsible Tourism at the International Level: Global Code of Ethics b) Sustainable Tourism Indicators c) Global Sustainable Tourism Council Criteria for Hotels and Tour Operator d) The UN Global Compact e) Environmental Evaluation, Compliance and Monitoring f) Voluntary Initiatives and Certifications g) Responsible Tourism by Industry h) Fair Trade Practices i) Social Responsibility Unit VIII. Community Participation for Sustainable Tourism a) The importance of Managing Visitors b) Carrying Capacity c) Management Tools for Implementing Tourism Carrying Capacity d) Site Management Techniques e) Management Options to Minimizing Visitors Impacts f) Limits of Acceptable Change g) Alternative Approaches to Monitoring Tourism Impacts h) Determinants of Tourism Behavior i) Tourism and Visitor Management Tools 8|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Unit 1 asic Concept of Tourism, Sustainability, and Sustainable Tourism 9|P a ge  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Unit 1: Basic Concept of Tourism, Sustainability, and Sustainable Tourism Introduction: Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. For example, there were about 25.3 million international tourist arrivals in 1960. By 1990, this figure had risen to 425 million, 17 times the previous figure. It had risen to 613 million by 1997. The World Tourism Organization predicts that this figure will more than double to 1.6 billion by 2020. The importance of this rapid growth in tourism can be seen from the fact that travel and tourism accounted for 11 per cent of global GDP in 1999; expenditure on international tourism amounted to US$ 453 billion. In addition, the tourism industry has employed 200 million people-8 per cent of the total employment in the world. Tourism is therefore a major source of income and employment for many countries, particularly in the South, where it can help to address the problems caused by poverty. Learning Outcomes At the end of this Unit and after actively participating in the live and online class the student should be able to:  defined and explained tourism as an industry;  described the concept of sustainability, sustainable tourism and sustainable development;  explained the dimensions, aims, and pillars of sustainable tourism; and  discussed the different international, national, and local, organizations and agencies as well as the goals, codes, and local plan of action. 10 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Activity Direction: Analyze the following pictures. Check the appropriate box of what if you think it is one of the impact brought by tourism. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. 11 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 ANALYSIS Direction: Answer the following questions. 1. UNIT ACTIVITY Question: How do international organizations like UNWTO and UNESCO contribute to the development and promotion of sustainable tourism practices globally? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. UNIT ACTIVITY Question: What are the benefits and challenges of involving local communities in tourism planning and decision-making processes? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 12 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 ABSTRACTION Unit 1: Basic Concept of Tourism, Sustainability, and Sustainable Tourism TOURISM INDUSTRY A. Definition and Overview 1. Tourism as an Industry Tourism is a multifaceted industry that involves the movement of people to destinations away from their usual places of residence, primarily for leisure, business, or other purposes. It encompasses various services and components, each playing a critical role in delivering a complete travel experience. These services include: o Transportation: This involves the means of moving people from their home location to their destination. It includes airlines, train services, bus operators, car rentals, and cruise lines. o Accommodation: Facilities where travelers stay, such as hotels, resorts, motels, hostels, vacation rentals, and bed and breakfasts. o Food and Beverage: Restaurants, cafes, bars, and other dining establishments that cater to the needs of travelers. o Entertainment and Activities: Attractions, cultural sites, recreational facilities, and organized activities that enhance the travel experience. 2. Economic Impact The tourism industry plays a pivotal role in the global economy. Its impact can be seen in several areas: 13 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o Job Creation: Tourism generates a significant number of jobs across various sectors including hospitality, transportation, and event management. o Income Generation: It contributes to income through tourist spending on services and goods, which supports local businesses and economies. o Local Economy Stimulation: By drawing visitors, tourism stimulates demand for local products and services, leading to economic development and infrastructure improvements. 3. Key Components The tourism industry is composed of several key components that work together to provide a seamless travel experience: o Travel Agencies: These businesses assist travelers in planning and booking their trips, offering services like flight bookings, hotel reservations, and travel insurance. o Tour Operators: They design and operate packaged tours, which include itineraries that combine transportation, accommodation, and activities. o Accommodation Providers: Entities that offer lodging services to travelers. o Transport Operators: Providers of various forms of transportation, including airlines, bus companies, car rental agencies, and cruise lines. o Destination Management Organizations (DMOs): Organizations responsible for the marketing and management of a specific destination, often working to enhance the attractiveness of the location and coordinate efforts among local stakeholders. B. Structure and Function 1. Tour Operators and Travel Agents o Tour Operators: These businesses package and sell tours that often include transportation, accommodation, and activities. They may 14 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 specialize in specific types of tours or destinations and handle the logistics of travel arrangements. o Travel Agents: They act as intermediaries between travelers and tour operators, airlines, and accommodation providers. They offer personalized services to help travelers plan and book their trips, and may also provide advice on destinations and travel insurance. 2. Accommodation Providers o Hotels: Offer a range of services and amenities, from basic rooms to luxury suites, catering to different budget levels. o Resorts: Provide a comprehensive vacation experience with on-site amenities such as restaurants, recreational facilities, and organized activities. o Hostels: Budget-friendly lodging that typically offers shared accommodations, popular among younger travelers and backpackers. o Other Lodging Options: Includes vacation rentals (e.g., Airbnb), motels, bed and breakfasts, and boutique hotels. 3. Transport Providers o Airlines: Facilitate long-distance and international travel. o Bus Companies: Offer transportation services for regional and local travel. o Car Rentals: Provide vehicles for self-guided travel at the destination. o Cruise Lines: Offer transportation combined with accommodation and onboard activities, often including multiple destinations. 4. Attractions and Activities o Cultural Sites: Include historical landmarks, museums, art galleries, and heritage sites that offer insights into the local culture and history. o Natural Attractions: Examples are national parks, beaches, mountains, and wildlife reserves that showcase natural beauty and biodiversity. o Recreational Activities: Activities such as hiking, skiing, scuba diving, and golfing that provide entertainment and physical engagement. 15 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o Events: Festivals, concerts, sporting events, and other special occasions that draw visitors and contribute to the local tourism experience. Understanding the structure and functions of the tourism industry helps in recognizing its impact on the economy, local communities, and global interactions. Landscape of the Philippines Tourism Industry A. Overview of Philippine Tourism 1. Popular Destinations The Philippines is renowned for its diverse and picturesque destinations. Key locations include: o Boracay: Famous for its white-sand beaches, vibrant nightlife, and water activities. White Beach is a major attraction known for its fine, powdery sand. o Palawan: Known for its stunning natural beauty, including the limestone cliffs of El Nido and the underground river in Puerto Princesa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. o Cebu: Offers a mix of urban experiences and natural attractions. Key highlights include historical sites in Cebu City, beautiful beaches in Mactan Island, and the whale shark watching in Oslob. o Davao: Known for its rich cultural heritage, eco-tourism spots like Mount Apo (the highest peak in the Philippines), and the vibrant city life. o Other Key Destinations: Bohol (famous for the Chocolate Hills and tarsier sanctuaries), Baguio (known as the summer capital of the Philippines due to its cool climate), and Siargao (famous for surfing and its natural lagoons). 2. Tourist Demographics o Domestic Tourists: Filipinos traveling within the country, often seeking beach destinations, nature trips, and cultural experiences. 16 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o International Tourists: Visitors from other countries, including Americans, Chinese, South Koreans, Japanese, and Europeans. They are attracted to the Philippines for its tropical climate, beaches, adventure tourism, and cultural experiences. The profile includes a range of age groups and travel interests, from luxury seekers to budget travelers and adventure enthusiasts. 3. Economic Contributions o GDP Contribution: Tourism is a significant contributor to the Philippines’ GDP. It generates substantial revenue through tourist spending on accommodation, food, transportation, and activities. o Employment: The tourism industry provides millions of jobs across various sectors, including hospitality, transportation, and services. It supports direct employment (such as hotel staff and tour guides) and indirect employment (such as suppliers and service providers). B. Challenges and Opportunities 1. Challenges o Infrastructure Issues: Many tourist destinations face challenges related to inadequate infrastructure, including poor transportation links, insufficient facilities, and limited accessibility in remote areas. This can affect the overall visitor experience and limit tourism growth. o Environmental Impact: The popularity of destinations like Boracay and Palawan has led to environmental concerns, such as pollution, habitat destruction, and over-tourism. Managing the ecological footprint of tourism activities is crucial. o Seasonal Fluctuations: Tourism in the Philippines often experiences peaks and troughs, with high seasons during summer and holidays, and low seasons during the rainy period. This fluctuation can impact business stability and employment. o Socio-Cultural Concerns: The influx of tourists can sometimes lead to cultural erosion, displacement of local communities, and changes in local traditions. Balancing tourism development with respect for local culture and traditions is essential. 2. Opportunities 17 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o Development of Sustainable Tourism Practices: There is a growing emphasis on sustainability in tourism. Initiatives include promoting eco-friendly practices, supporting conservation efforts, and encouraging responsible tourism behavior among visitors. o Promotion of Lesser-Known Destinations: Diversifying tourism beyond popular spots can reduce overcrowding and spread economic benefits more widely. Highlighting lesser-known destinations can offer unique experiences and alleviate pressure on major tourist areas. o Enhancing Local Community Involvement: Engaging local communities in tourism planning and development helps ensure that tourism benefits are shared equitably. Community-based tourism initiatives can empower locals, preserve cultural heritage, and provide authentic experiences for tourists. Addressing these challenges while leveraging opportunities can help shape a more sustainable and inclusive tourism industry in the Philippines, enhancing its appeal and ensuring long-term benefits for both visitors and local communities. Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism, and Sustainable Development A. Definition of Sustainability Sustainability refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is a holistic approach that encompasses three core dimensions: 1. Environmental Sustainability: This involves conserving natural resources, reducing pollution, and protecting ecosystems to ensure that natural environments remain healthy and viable for future generations. It includes practices like recycling, using renewable energy, and reducing carbon footprints. 2. Economic Sustainability: This focuses on ensuring that economic activities are conducted in a way that supports long-term economic growth without depleting resources. It involves practices that promote financial stability, equitable distribution of resources, and resilience against economic shocks. 18 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 3. Social Sustainability: This dimension emphasizes the well-being of individuals and communities. It includes promoting social equity, improving quality of life, ensuring fair labor practices, and respecting cultural diversity. Social sustainability aims to create inclusive and equitable societies. Balancing these dimensions is crucial for achieving overall sustainability, ensuring that present actions do not undermine future opportunities for generations to come. B. Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism is a form of tourism that seeks to balance the needs of present tourists with the needs of host regions while ensuring that future generations will also benefit from tourism. It aims to minimize the negative impacts of tourism on the environment, local cultures, and communities while maximizing positive contributions. Key aspects include: 1. Environmental Protection: Sustainable tourism practices include minimizing waste, conserving water and energy, and reducing the carbon footprint of tourism activities. This might involve promoting eco-friendly accommodations, encouraging the use of public transport, and supporting conservation efforts. 2. Cultural Respect: Sustainable tourism respects and preserves the cultural heritage of host communities. It involves engaging with local traditions, avoiding practices that could lead to cultural degradation, and ensuring that tourism activities are culturally sensitive. 3. Economic Benefits: Ensuring that tourism benefits are equitably distributed among local communities is a key aspect of sustainable tourism. This includes supporting local businesses, creating job opportunities, and investing in community development projects. 4. Visitor Experience: Providing tourists with authentic and meaningful experiences while maintaining the integrity of the destination is essential. This can be achieved by promoting responsible behavior among tourists and encouraging them to engage with the local community in a respectful manner. 19 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 5. Long-Term Planning: Sustainable tourism involves planning and managing tourism development in a way that considers long-term impacts. This includes implementing policies that support sustainable practices and monitoring the effects of tourism on the environment and communities. C. Sustainable Development Sustainable Development is a development approach that aims to balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity. It encompasses several principles: 1. Economic Growth: Sustainable development seeks to promote economic growth that is inclusive and equitable, ensuring that benefits are shared broadly across society. It involves fostering industries that contribute to long- term economic stability without depleting resources. 2. Environmental Protection: It emphasizes the need to protect and manage natural resources wisely, ensuring that development does not lead to environmental degradation. This includes implementing practices that reduce environmental impact, such as sustainable resource management and pollution control. 3. Social Equity: Ensuring that development benefits all members of society and addressing issues of inequality is a key component of sustainable development. This involves promoting access to education, healthcare, and social services, and supporting marginalized and vulnerable communities. 4. Integration and Balance: Sustainable development involves integrating economic, environmental, and social considerations into decision-making processes. It requires balancing these dimensions to achieve overall well- being and long-term sustainability. 5. Participation and Inclusiveness: Engaging stakeholders, including local communities, in the development process ensures that their needs and perspectives are considered. This participatory approach helps build consensus and support for sustainable practices. 20 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 By aligning tourism practices with the principles of sustainability, the tourism industry can contribute to broader goals of sustainable development, promoting a balance between economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social well-being. Dimensions of Sustainable Development A. Environmental Dimension 1. Conservation of Resources o Efficient Use of Natural Resources: This involves optimizing the use of resources such as water, energy, and raw materials to minimize waste and prevent depletion. In tourism, this means adopting practices like energy-efficient lighting and appliances, reducing water consumption through low-flow fixtures, and using sustainable materials in construction and operations. o Protection of Ecosystems: Ensuring that tourism activities do not harm natural habitats and biodiversity is crucial. This includes preserving wildlife habitats, protecting endangered species, and maintaining the integrity of ecosystems. Measures such as establishing protected areas, promoting responsible wildlife viewing, and supporting conservation programs are key. 2. Waste Management o Reducing Waste: Implementing practices to minimize waste generation, such as adopting sustainable packaging, reducing single- use plastics, and encouraging minimal waste policies in tourism establishments. o Reusing Waste: Encouraging the reuse of materials where possible, such as using recycled materials for construction or repurposing items in creative ways to extend their lifecycle. o Recycling: Establishing effective recycling programs to manage waste generated by tourism activities. This includes sorting waste, providing recycling bins, and educating tourists and businesses about proper waste disposal practices. 21 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 B. Economic Dimension 1. Economic Benefits o Equitable Distribution of Benefits: Ensuring that the economic benefits of tourism are shared fairly among local communities, businesses, and stakeholders. This involves creating job opportunities, supporting local entrepreneurs, and ensuring that tourism revenue contributes to community development. o Sustainable Economic Growth: Promoting economic activities that are sustainable in the long term and do not lead to the depletion of local resources or create economic dependency. This includes supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and investing in infrastructure that benefits both tourists and locals. 2. Local Involvement o Encouraging Local Entrepreneurship: Supporting local businesses and entrepreneurs by providing them with opportunities to participate in the tourism industry. This could include offering training programs, providing access to financing, and fostering partnerships between local businesses and tourism operators. o Fair Trade Practices: Promoting fair trade practices ensures that local products are sold at fair prices and that producers receive a fair share of the revenue. This can be achieved through certifications, direct trade agreements, and supporting markets that prioritize fair trade. C. Social and Cultural Dimension 1. Respect for Culture o Preserving Local Traditions and Heritage: Ensuring that tourism activities do not disrupt or dilute local cultures and traditions. This involves respecting cultural practices, supporting cultural preservation projects, and promoting authentic cultural experiences that are beneficial to both tourists and local communities. o Cultural Sensitivity: Encouraging tourists to engage respectfully with local customs and traditions. This includes providing cultural 22 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 awareness training for tourists and ensuring that tourism activities are designed to be culturally sensitive and respectful. 2. Community Engagement o Involving Local Communities: Engaging local communities in the planning and decision-making processes related to tourism development. This ensures that their needs and perspectives are considered and that tourism benefits are aligned with community goals. o Participatory Planning: Implementing participatory planning processes that involve local stakeholders in discussions about tourism policies, development projects, and management strategies. This can help build local support for tourism initiatives and ensure that development is aligned with community interests. o Capacity Building: Providing local communities with the skills and knowledge needed to effectively participate in and benefit from tourism. This can include training in hospitality, management, and marketing, as well as supporting local leadership in tourism planning and development. By addressing these dimensions, sustainable development aims to create a balanced approach that fosters environmental protection, economic growth, and social equity, ensuring that tourism and other development activities contribute positively to both present and future generations. AIMS AND PILLARS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM A. Aims 1. Environmental Protection o Reduce Tourism’s Environmental Footprint: Sustainable tourism aims to minimize the negative environmental impacts of tourism activities. This involves:  Resource Efficiency: Implementing measures to use natural resources efficiently, such as reducing energy and water 23 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 consumption in tourism facilities and promoting sustainable practices.  Waste Reduction: Encouraging waste management practices that include reducing waste generation, recycling, and proper disposal of waste.  Conservation Efforts: Supporting conservation projects that protect natural habitats, wildlife, and biodiversity. This includes working with local conservation organizations and implementing eco-friendly practices. 2. Economic Benefits o Enhance the Economic Well-Being of Local Communities: Sustainable tourism aims to ensure that tourism contributes positively to the local economy by:  Creating Employment Opportunities: Providing job opportunities for local residents in various sectors, including hospitality, transportation, and retail.  Supporting Local Businesses: Encouraging the use of local products and services, and fostering partnerships between tourism operators and local entrepreneurs.  Generating Revenue: Ensuring that tourism revenue supports community development projects and infrastructure improvements that benefit both locals and visitors. 3. Cultural Respect o Preserve and Promote Cultural Heritage: Sustainable tourism seeks to maintain and celebrate local cultures and traditions by:  Respecting Local Customs: Promoting cultural sensitivity and ensuring that tourism activities do not disrupt or exploit local traditions.  Supporting Cultural Preservation: Investing in the preservation of historical sites, cultural landmarks, and traditional practices. This can include supporting cultural festivals, museums, and heritage sites. 24 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203  Encouraging Authentic Experiences: Providing tourists with opportunities to engage in genuine cultural experiences that respect and celebrate local heritage. B. Pillars 1. Environmental Sustainability o Minimizing Environmental Impacts: Focuses on reducing the adverse effects of tourism on the environment through:  Conservation Practices: Implementing measures to protect natural resources, such as creating protected areas, managing wildlife habitats, and supporting sustainable land use practices.  Sustainable Resource Use: Promoting the use of renewable resources, reducing waste, and ensuring that resource extraction does not lead to environmental degradation.  Green Certifications: Encouraging tourism businesses to obtain certifications for sustainable practices, such as those provided by environmental organizations or eco-labels. 2. Economic Viability o Contributing Positively to the Local Economy: Ensures that tourism supports economic growth and development by:  Creating Jobs: Generating employment opportunities for local residents and providing fair wages and working conditions.  Supporting Local Enterprises: Encouraging the growth of local businesses and promoting fair trade practices. This can include sourcing local products and services and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).  Investing in Infrastructure: Contributing to the development of infrastructure that benefits both tourists and local communities, such as transportation, healthcare, and education facilities. 3. Socio-Cultural Integrity 25 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o Supporting and Maintaining Local Traditions: Focuses on preserving and promoting the social and cultural fabric of local communities by:  Engaging Communities: Involving local communities in tourism planning and decision-making processes to ensure that their needs and perspectives are considered.  Respecting Cultural Norms: Ensuring that tourism activities are designed to respect and celebrate local customs and traditions. This includes providing cultural training for tourists and tourism operators.  Promoting Cultural Exchange: Encouraging interactions between tourists and locals that foster mutual understanding and respect for different cultures. By aligning with these aims and pillars, sustainable tourism strives to create a balanced approach that benefits the environment, supports local economies, and respects cultural heritage. This approach helps ensure that tourism remains a positive force for both current and future generations. FOUNDATION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM A. Principles of Sustainable Tourism 1. Responsible Travel o Encourage Environmentally Respectful Behaviors: Tourists are encouraged to minimize their environmental impact by adopting practices such as reducing waste, conserving energy and water, and avoiding activities that harm natural habitats. This can involve:  Eco-Friendly Choices: Choosing accommodations and transportation options that have environmental certifications or are known for sustainable practices.  Waste Management: Proper disposal of waste and participation in recycling programs. Tourists should also avoid 26 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 single-use plastics and support businesses that use sustainable packaging.  Wildlife Protection: Observing wildlife from a distance and supporting ethical wildlife tours that do not disturb animals or their habitats. o Encourage Culturally Respectful Behaviors: Tourists are encouraged to respect local customs, traditions, and social norms by:  Cultural Sensitivity: Learning about and respecting local traditions and practices, avoiding behavior that might be considered disrespectful or inappropriate.  Supporting Local Culture: Engaging with local communities in a way that benefits them, such as participating in community-based tours or purchasing local crafts and products. 2. Long-Term Planning o Develop Tourism Strategies: Effective tourism planning involves considering both immediate and long-term impacts on destinations. This includes:  Impact Assessment: Evaluating potential environmental, economic, and social impacts before developing or expanding tourism projects.  Sustainable Development Goals: Aligning tourism development with broader sustainability goals, such as those outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).  Infrastructure Planning: Ensuring that infrastructure development (e.g., roads, accommodations) supports long- term sustainability and does not negatively impact local ecosystems or communities. o Monitoring and Adaptation: Continuously monitoring the impacts of tourism and adapting strategies to address emerging challenges and opportunities. This includes collecting data on visitor impacts, community feedback, and environmental changes. 3. Collaboration 27 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o Foster Partnerships: Effective sustainable tourism requires collaboration among various stakeholders, including:  Governments: Developing and enforcing policies that support sustainable tourism practices, such as regulations on environmental protection and community involvement.  Businesses: Implementing sustainable practices in their operations, such as energy efficiency and waste reduction, and engaging in corporate social responsibility initiatives.  Communities: Involving local residents in tourism planning and decision-making to ensure that their needs and perspectives are considered and that tourism benefits are shared. o Cross-Sector Cooperation: Encouraging cooperation between different sectors, such as tourism, conservation, and cultural heritage, to achieve common sustainability goals and address complex challenges. B. International, National, and Local Organizations 1. International Organizations o UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization): Provides global leadership on tourism issues, offering guidelines, frameworks, and best practices for sustainable tourism. The UNWTO works to promote tourism that supports economic growth while respecting cultural and environmental sustainability. o UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization): Focuses on preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable tourism at World Heritage Sites. UNESCO provides guidelines for managing tourism in a way that protects cultural and natural heritage. o Other International Bodies: Organizations such as the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) and the International Ecotourism Society (TIES) offer certification programs and standards for sustainable tourism practices. 2. National Organizations 28 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o Department of Tourism (DOT) in the Philippines: The DOT is responsible for promoting and regulating tourism in the Philippines, including the development of sustainable tourism policies and programs. The department works on enhancing the country's tourism infrastructure, supporting local communities, and ensuring that tourism activities are conducted in an environmentally and culturally respectful manner. o Other Relevant Bodies: National environmental and cultural organizations that contribute to sustainable tourism efforts, such as the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). 3. Local Initiatives o Community-Based Tourism Projects: Local initiatives that involve communities in tourism development and management. These projects focus on providing economic benefits to local residents, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting environmental conservation. Examples include community-run eco-lodges, cultural tours, and local craft markets. o Local Conservation Efforts: Grassroots conservation projects aimed at protecting local ecosystems and wildlife. These efforts often involve local organizations, volunteers, and partnerships with international conservation groups. Examples include beach clean-up programs, wildlife monitoring, and habitat restoration projects. By integrating these principles and engaging with these organizations, sustainable tourism aims to create a balanced approach that benefits the environment, local economies, and cultural heritage, ensuring that tourism remains a positive force for both current and future generations. 29 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 APPLICATION Objective: To use what you've learned about tourism and sustainability to create a simple, practical plan for improving tourism at a local spot in your area. A. Instructions: 1. Pick a Local Spot: o Choose a local place that could benefit from better tourism planning (e.g., a park, historic site, or small town). 2. Research the Spot: o Describe the Place: Write a short description of the spot, including what makes it special and who visits it. o Current Issues: Identify any problems or challenges related to tourism at this spot (e.g., environmental impact, lack of economic benefits, or cultural issues). 3. Create a Simple Plan: o Goals: Set three main goals for making tourism more sustainable. For example:  Protect the environment  Support the local economy  Respect local culture o Actions: For each goal, suggest a few simple actions to achieve it. For example:  Environmental: Implement recycling bins and reduce plastic use.  Economic: Encourage local businesses to offer tours or sell crafts.  Cultural: Organize events that showcase local traditions. o Who to Involve: List who should be involved in the plan (e.g., local businesses, community leaders). 4. Presentation: o Write a Short Report: Summarize your plan in a brief report (1-2 pages) including your goals, actions, and who should be involved. o Share Your Report: Present your plan to the class or submit it online. 5. Reflection: o Write a Short Reflection: Write a few sentences about what you learned from this task and how you think it will help improve tourism. 30 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Rubric for Grading Sustainable Tourism Plan Assignment Criteria Excellent (4) Good (3) Satisfactory (2) Needs Score Improvement (1) Understanding Thorough Clear description Basic Incomplete or /4 description of the of the local spot description of unclear local spot and clear and identification the local spot; description of identification of of tourism issues. some issues the spot and tourism issues. identified. issues. Goals Goals are specific, Goals are Goals are Goals are /4 relevant, and well- relevant and somewhat unclear or not aligned with mostly aligned relevant but lack aligned with sustainability with clarity or sustainability principles. sustainability specificity. principles. principles. Actions Actions are practical, Actions are Actions are Actions are /4 innovative, and practical and somewhat impractical or effectively address address most practical but do not clearly the goals. goals. lack detail or address the innovation. goals. Stakeholder Comprehensive list List of Basic list of Incomplete list /4 Involvement of relevant stakeholders is stakeholders of stakeholders stakeholders with clear with most with limited or unclear roles. clear involvement involvement involvement roles. roles identified. roles. Presentation Report is well- Report is clear Report is Report is /4 organized, clear, and and mostly well- somewhat clear unclear, poorly effectively organized. but lacks organized, or communicates the organization or incomplete. plan. detail. Reflection Insightful and Clear reflection Basic reflection Minimal or /4 detailed reflection with some with limited unclear on learning and insights on insights. reflection on application of learning and learning. knowledge. application. Total Score: /24 Scoring Key:  Excellent (4): Exceeds expectations with comprehensive, detailed, and well- executed responses.  Good (3): Meets most expectations with clear and appropriate responses.  Satisfactory (2): Addresses basic requirements but lacks detail or depth.  Needs Improvement (1): Fails to meet expectations with significant issues in clarity or execution. 31 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 Sample Answer: Sustainable Tourism Plan for Maplewood Park 1. Pick a Local Spot Local Spot: Maplewood Park 2. Research the Spot Describe the Place: Maplewood Park is a popular community park located in the heart of Maplewood Town. It features a large lake, walking trails, picnic areas, and a playground. The park is known for its beautiful natural scenery and is frequented by families, joggers, and nature enthusiasts. It also hosts local events such as outdoor concerts and farmers' markets. Current Issues:  Environmental Impact: The park has limited waste management facilities, leading to littering and pollution, particularly in high-traffic areas.  Economic Benefits: Local businesses do not benefit significantly from park visitors, as there are few opportunities for them to engage with tourists.  Cultural Issues: The park’s local events do not fully showcase the town’s cultural heritage, and there is a lack of community involvement in event planning. 3. Create a Simple Plan Goals: 1. Protect the Environment: Reduce littering and promote eco-friendly practices in the park. 2. Support the Local Economy: Increase economic opportunities for local businesses by integrating them into park activities. 3. Respect Local Culture: Highlight and celebrate the cultural heritage of Maplewood through park events. Actions:  Environmental: o Install recycling bins at key locations throughout the park. o Launch a “No Plastic” initiative to reduce single-use plastics by encouraging visitors to bring reusable items. o Organize monthly park clean-up events with community volunteers.  Economic: o Partner with local businesses to set up stalls at park events, allowing them to sell goods and services. o Create a “Maplewood Market” day where local artisans and food vendors can showcase their products in the park. o Offer small business grants or incentives for local entrepreneurs who develop park-related services (e.g., guided nature tours).  Cultural: o Host annual cultural festivals in the park that feature local music, dance, and art. o Set up a “Heritage Trail” with informational signs and displays about Maplewood’s history and traditions. 32 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 o Involve local schools and cultural groups in organizing and performing at park events. Who to Involve:  Local Government: For policy support and funding for infrastructure improvements.  Local Businesses: For collaboration on market days and event participation.  Community Leaders: To help organize and promote cultural events.  Residents and Volunteers: For clean-up drives and community engagement activities. 4. Presentation Short Report: Sustainable Tourism Plan for Maplewood Park Maplewood Park is a cherished community asset that attracts visitors for its scenic beauty and recreational opportunities. However, to ensure its long-term sustainability and enhance its benefits, we propose a simple plan focusing on environmental protection, economic support, and cultural respect. Goals: 1. Protect the Environment o Install recycling bins and promote a “No Plastic” initiative. o Organize monthly park clean-up events. 2. Support the Local Economy o Partner with local businesses for stalls at park events. o Create a “Maplewood Market” day for local vendors. o Offer incentives for local entrepreneurs to develop park-related services. 3. Respect Local Culture o Host annual cultural festivals. o Set up a “Heritage Trail” highlighting local history. o Involve schools and cultural groups in park events. Involvement: The plan involves collaboration with local government, businesses, community leaders, and residents to create a more sustainable and engaging park environment. 5. Reflection Reflection: Through this task, I learned how integrating sustainability into tourism planning can address environmental, economic, and cultural challenges. By involving local stakeholders and implementing practical actions, we can enhance the benefits of tourism while preserving the park's natural and cultural assets. This approach not only improves the local economy but also fosters a stronger sense of community and environmental stewardship. 33 | P a g e  Module : Sustainable TM Tourism 203 References Goeldner, C. R., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2009). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies. John Wiley & Sons. United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2022). Global Report on Sustainable Tourism. UNWTO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2021). Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism. UNESCO Publishing. Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical Research on Sustainable Tourism. Routledge. Becken, S. (2014). Sustainable Tourism and the Role of Technology. Channel View Publications. Hall, C. M., & Gössling, S. (2013). Sustainable Tourism: A Global Perspective. Routledge. The Department of Tourism (DOT), Philippines. (2023). Tourism Development Plan. DOT. Hunter, C. (2016). Sustainable Tourism: A Global Perspective. Routledge. Butler, R. W. (1980). The Concept of a Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. Canadian Geographer. Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2015). Tourism and Sustainability: Development, Globalisation and New Tourism in the Third World. Routledge. 34 | P a g e