Ultrasound Med Terms to Know 2025 PDF
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Uploaded by WorthwhileGyrolite8778
Concordia University, St. Paul
2025
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Summary
This document is a collection of medical terms and abbreviations, specifically focusing on ultrasound terminology. The content is presented in a list format, ideal for quick reference. It includes details on root words, suffixes, and common medical abbreviations frequently used in the context of medical imaging, particularly ultrasound.
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ULTRASOUND TERMINOLOGY & ABBREVIATIONS Concordia University, St. Paul MED TERMS TO KNOW – Root Words Ad- Brachio- ◦ Toward ◦ Arm Ab- Cardi-, cardio- ◦ Away from...
ULTRASOUND TERMINOLOGY & ABBREVIATIONS Concordia University, St. Paul MED TERMS TO KNOW – Root Words Ad- Brachio- ◦ Toward ◦ Arm Ab- Cardi-, cardio- ◦ Away from ◦ Heart Adipo- Dextra- Fat ◦ Right Angio- End-, Endo- ◦ Blood vessel or lymph vessel ◦ Within, inside A-, an- Dys- o Difficult / painful ◦ Absent or deficient Decub- Ante- ◦ Side ◦ Front Prefixes Prefixes MED TERMS TO KNOW – Root Words Eryth- Hydra-, hydro- Red ◦ Water Ex-, Exo- Hyper- Out, outside of ◦ Above; a greater concentration; Hem-, hema-, hemo-, hemato- more of/excessive ◦ Pertaining to blood Hypo- Hemi- ◦ Below; a lesser concentration; less of/deficient ◦ Half Hyster- Hepato- ◦ Uterus ◦ Liver Infero- Homeo-, homo- ◦ below ◦ Same Prefixes Prefixes MED TERMS TO KNOW – Root Words Infra- Mega, megalo ◦ Below, under, inferior to, after ◦ Large, of great size Inter- Meta- ◦ Between ◦ Change Intra- Myo- ◦ Within ◦ Muscle Ipsi- Necro- ◦ Same ◦ Death, necrosis Juxta- Neo- ◦ Close proximity ◦ New Lipo- Nephro- ◦ Fat ◦ Kidney Prefixes Prefixes MED TERMS TO KNOW – Root Words Oligo- Phlebo- ◦ Few, small ◦ Pertaining to vein or veins Omphalo- Pleur- ◦ Navel ◦ Rib Oophor- Poly- ◦ Ovary ◦ Many; too much Orchi- Post- ◦ Testicle ◦ Back; after Peri- Pre- ◦ Around ◦ Before Para- Pulmo- ◦ Beside or beyond ◦ Lungs Prefixes Prefixes MED TERMS TO KNOW – Root Words Pseudo- Super-, supra- ◦ False ◦ Over; above Py-, pyo- Thrombo- ◦ Pus ◦ Blood clot, thrombus Pyelo- Trans- ◦ Pelvis ◦ Across, over, beyond, through Retro- Vaso- ◦ Backward, behind ◦ Vessel Sclero- Veno- ◦ Hard ◦ Vein Sebo- Vent- ◦ Fatty substance ◦ Front Sub- Vesico- ◦ Under; below ◦ Bladder Prefixes Prefixes Mathematical Abbreviations > = ◦ Greater than ◦ Equal to > + ◦ Greater than or equal to ◦ Positive < - ◦ Less than ◦ Negative < ◦ Less than or equal to MED TERMS TO KNOW - Suffixes -algia -dynia ◦ Pain ◦ Pain -ase -ectasis ◦ Enzyme ◦ expansion -asis, -esis, -iasis, -isis, -osis -ectomy ◦ Condition; pathologic state ◦ Surgical removal -cele -emia ◦ Tumor, swelling ◦ A condition of the blood -centesis -genic ◦ Origin ◦ Puncture -glycemia -dia ◦ Pertaining to blood sugar levels ◦ Through Suffixes Suffixes MED TERMS TO KNOW - Suffixes -itis -ology ◦ Inflammation ◦ Study of -lith -oma ◦ Stone, calculous ◦ Tumor -poiesis, -poietic -osis ◦ Production, formation ◦ Abnormal condition or process -stasis -uria ◦ Urine ◦ Standing still, stable -rhage, -rhagia -pathy ◦ Rupture, bleed ◦ Abnormality -tomy -plasty ◦ Incision, Cutting, study of ◦ Surgical correction structure involving removal of it Suffixes Suffixes COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS AAA BPM ◦ Abdominal aortic ◦ Beats per minute aneurysm Bx Ao ◦ Biopsy ◦ aorta C ASAP ◦ Celsius ◦ As soon as possible c B-Mode ◦ With ◦ Brightness modulation CBC BP ◦ Complete blood count ◦ Blood pressure COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS CCU cm ◦ Critical Care Unit ◦ Centimeter CCA COPD ◦ Common Carotid Artery ◦ Chronic obstructive CHD pulmonary disease ◦ Congenital Heart Disease CT ◦ Common Hepatic Duct ◦ Computed tomography CVA CHF ◦ Cerebrovascular accident ◦ Congestive Heart Failure Stroke COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS dB ER ◦ Decibel ◦ Emergency Room DM F/U ◦ Diabetes mellitus ◦ Follow-up DVT Fx ◦ Deep venous thrombosis ◦ Function Dx GI ◦ Diagnosis ◦ Gastrointestinal ECG ◦ Electrocardiogram COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS gm; g ICU ◦ Gram ◦ Intensive Care unit HTN IV ◦ Hypertension ◦ Intravenous Hg IVC ◦ Mercury ◦ Inferior vena cava Commonly seen with BP in K mmHg (mm of Mercury) 120mmHg/80mmHg ◦ Potassium Hx kg ◦ history ◦ kilogram COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS LE MI ◦ Myocardial infarction ◦ Lower extremity ml LLQ ◦ Milliliter ◦ Left lower quadrant mm Lt ◦ Millimeter ◦ Left M-Mode ◦ Motion mode or time-motion LUQ mode ◦ Left upper quadrant MRI MHz ◦ Magnetic resonance imaging ◦ megahertz NICU ◦ Neonatal intensive care unit COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS NPO Post-op ◦ Nothing by mouth ◦ After surgery OR PP ◦ Operating room ◦ Postpartum oz PPD ◦ Ounce ◦ Test for tuberculosis PE Pre-op ◦ Pleural effusion ◦ Before surgery ◦ Pulmonary embolism COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS pt qh ◦ Patient ◦ Every hour PTA qid ◦ Prior to admission ◦ Four times a day PTT RBC ◦ Prothrombin time ◦ Red blood cell PV RI ◦ Portal vein ◦ Resistive index RLQ qd ◦ Right lower quadrant ◦ Every day Rt ◦ Right COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS R/O TCD ◦ Rule out ◦ Transcranial Doppler RUQ TCG, TGC ◦ Right upper quadrant ◦ Time compensated gain Rx ◦ Time gain compensation ◦ Treatment/Prescription TIA ◦ Transient Ischemic Attack s/p ◦ Status post Tx ◦ Transplant or transducer Stat ◦ Immediately UE ◦ Upper extremity COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS US LPO ◦ Ultrasound ◦ Left Posterior Oblique SVC LLD ◦ Superior vena cava ◦ Left Lateral Decubitus PW RPO ◦ Pulse wave ◦ Right Posterior Oblique CW RLD ◦ Continuous wave ◦ Right Lateral Decubitus CF ◦ Color flow Ultrasound Terminology B Mode: Brightness Mode; ultrasound image is displayed in gray scale Gray Scale: B Mode Transducer: coverts one form of energy into another; name of ultrasound probe Piezoelectric crystals: crystals that produce an electrical charge when compressed as well as expand or contract when an electrical charge is applied Attenuation: loss of energy as a sound pulse travels through a medium Ultrasound Terminology Frequency: energy at which the ultrasound transducer is performing at (MHz) ◦ Higher the frequency = better detail, less penetration (5-15 MHz) ◦ Lower the frequency = less detail, better penetration (2-4.5 MHz) Ultrasound: frequency of sound above 20 KHz Hertz: cycles per second Pulse wave: crystals both receive and transmit sound; alternating between listening and sending (imaging ultrasound) Continuous wave: 2 crystals; one receives constantly and one sends constantly (non imaging ultrasound) Ultrasound Terminology Duplex: ability to do 2 things at once; Doppler and image Sweep: overview of entire anatomy of interest in long and transverse; look for pathology and view all organ structures Echogenicity: what type of echo display (an/hypo/hyper - echoic) Anechoic / sonolucent: without echoes; black; fluid filled structure Hypoechoic: with low level echoes; grays; more solid structure Ultrasound Terminology Echogenic / Hyperechoic: bright intensity echoes; white; dense or strong reflector (air); opposite of anechoic Isoechoic: same echogenicity as surrounding area; blends in Heterogeneous: different echogenicities within; not smooth texture; not uniform in texture Homogenous: same echogenicity thru; smooth texture; uniform composition (opp of above) Complex: both solid and fluid components Ultrasound Terminology Cystic: fluid filled; usually anechoic in appearance Noise: artifact caused by echoes not being bounced directly back to transducer Shadowing: a black area under a structure that could not be penetrated with the sound wave Posterior Enhancement: area that is brighter underneath a structure than surrounding tissue due to lack of sound absorption/reflexion within the above structure (i.e. under cystic structures) ; aka increased through transmission Interface: area between two adjacent structures; used to compare echogenicities Ultrasound Terminology Gain: amplification of returning echoes TGC: Time Gain Compensation; amplification of echoes at specific depths Focus/Focal point: area of best definition; where ultrasound beam is narrowest Depth: how much time the machine listens for returning echoes Superior: above; top of; closer to the head Inferior: below; bottom of; closer to the feet Ultrasound Terminology Proximal: closer to the heart Distal: farther away from the heart Anterior: front of; on top of; closer to front surface Posterior: back of; underneath; behind; closer to back surface Medial: towards the midline Lateral: towards the side; away from midline Sagittal: Longitudinal view; always displays head on left of screen Transverse: cross-sectional view; axial; patient’s right side is always on the left of the screen Ultrasound Terminology Coronal: side view; scanning from the side Color Doppler: a directional color display of flow, going toward and away from the transducer Spectral Doppler: a spectral display of frequencies along a timeline, going toward and away from the transducer Doppler shift: how ultrasound machine figures out velocity and direction of flow; the difference between the frequency sent and the returning frequency ◦ If returning echo is faster = positive (+) shift = flow is going towards the transducer ◦ If returning echo is slower = negative (-) shift = flow is going away from the transducer Practice putting these terms to use by creating words! Knowing these terms will make it much easier to understand anatomy, physiology, & pathology!
