UCSP-POINTERS-TO-REVIEW-12.docx

UCSP Coverage of Exam and Pointers to Review **Culture-** it is defined as the custom beliefs, social forms, and traits that defines racial, religious or social group. **2 Types of Culture:** 1. **Material culture-** It is a type of culture that are created by human person or intangible. 2....

UCSP Coverage of Exam and Pointers to Review **Culture-** it is defined as the custom beliefs, social forms, and traits that defines racial, religious or social group. **2 Types of Culture:** 1. **Material culture-** It is a type of culture that are created by human person or intangible. 2. **Non- material culture-** It is a type of culture that are being learned or observed by human. **Society-** comes from the latin word "socius" which means comrade, companion or friend. **Politics-** refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance over a human community. **Sociology-** deals with the study of society and social interactions taking place therein. **7 Areas of Sociology ( according to** **Hauser**) 1. Social organization 2. Social Psychology 3. Social Change 4. Human Ecology 5. Population Studies 6. Sociological Theory and research 7. Applied Sociology **Method, Techniques and Tools in Sociology Inquiry** 1. Experiment 2. Survey 3. Case Study 4. Field Observation or Participation Observation 5. Interviewing 6. Historical Approach **Anthropology-** define as branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his work, his body, his behavior and values, in time and space. **Branches or Subfields of Anthropology** 1.Physical Anthropology 2\. Cultural Anthropology 3\. Archeology 4\. Fossils 5\. Linguistics According to different political philosopher **POLITICAL SCIENCE** defines as systematics study of the state and government. Systematic study of politics. Systematic study of politics mainly involving the relations people have with the government. Lastly, as the analysis of the state and the relations of people with government. **Scope in the study of Political Science** 1. Political Theory 2. Public Law 3. Public Administrative 4. Comparative Government 5. Public International Law **The Three related concepts that are important questions in Political Science:** 1. Legitimacy 2. Sovereignty 3. Authority **Governance**- means the process of decision- making and the process by which decisions are implemented. **Good governance has 8 major characteristics:** 1.It must be participatory 2\. It must be consensus- oriented 3\. It must be accountable 4\. It must be transparent 5\. It must be responsive 6\. It must be effective and efficient 7\. It must be equitable and inclusive 8\. It must follow the rule of law **State-** is a community of person more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of external control, and possessing on organized government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience**(Aruego and Torres, 1981).** **Elements of the State:** 1. People 2. Territory 3. Government 4. Sovereignty **Citizenship-** Is denoting membership of a citizen in a political society. **Citizen-** refers to a member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is accorded protection inside and outside the territory of the state. **Government-** refers to the agency through which of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out. **Forms of Government:** - A government based on number of rulers and kind of relership. 1. **Government of One** a. **Monarchy** b. **Tyranny** 2. **Government of the Law** a. **Aristocracy** b. **Oligarchy** 3. **Government of the Majority** a. **Democracy** b. **Mabocarcy** - A government based on territorial delegation of power. a. **Unitary Government** b. **Federal Government** - A government based on the extent of people's participation a. **Dictatorship** b. **Totalitarian** - As to relationship between the Executive and the Legislative branches of government. a. **Parliamentary government** b. **Presidential government** 1. 2. 3. **Biological evolution of Man** **Paleontology-** it deals with the origin of man through the study of fossil evidence for human evolution. **Primatology-** it deals with the study of primates or hominids of the genus Homo, especially Homo sapiens. **Neuroanthrology-** It deals with the study of the evolution of the human brain; and of culture as a neurological adaptation of the species to its environment. **Human esteology-** It deals with the study of skeletal materials. **Human Evolution**- refers to the evolutionary history of the genus Homo, including the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species and a distinct category of hominids "great apes" and mammals. **Evolution-** means the slow process of change from a simple to a more complex form or structure. **Three Main Theories of Evolution** 1. L**amarckism** 2. **Darwinism** 3. **Synthetic Theory or Neo-Darwinism** The stages in human evolution includes the following genus in the chronological order of their appearance: 1. **Dryopitheucs** 2. **Ramapithecus** 3. **Australopithecus** 4. **Homo habilis** 5. **Homo erectus** 6. **Homo Sapiens** 7. **Neanderthalenses** 8. **Homo sapiens or Cro-Magnon** Homosapiens taxonomy (taxonomic Rank) 1. **Domain- Eukaryota** 2. **Kingdom-Animalia** 3. **Phylum- Chordata** 4. **Class- Mammalia** 5. **Order- Primates** 6. **Family- homininie** 7. **Genus- Homo** 8. **Species- Homo sapiens**