UCSP Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in Society PDF

Understanding Culture, Society & Politics Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in the Society  Specific learning Objectives: 1. define education; 2. trace and describe the educational system of the Philippines; 3. give the functions and importance of education in the society; and...

Understanding Culture, Society & Politics Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in the Society  Specific learning Objectives: 1. define education; 2. trace and describe the educational system of the Philippines; 3. give the functions and importance of education in the society; and 4. evaluate how education functions and affects society. IDENTIFY 11. He proposed the theory of hierarchy of needs. 12. What is the letter E in the acronym of UNESCO stands for? 13. What is the starting level under K to 12 the basic education? 14. Primary education is considered a human ___________. 15. Type of education that enables a student to learn skills and knowledge through structured learning experiences. DEFINITION OF EDUCATION Education is the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values (Macionis, 2012). Education is the acquisition of knowledge, habits, skills, and abilities through instruction and training or through self-activity. It is systematic training of the moral and intellectual faculties of the mind. It is the process of transmitting to the young, the vital cultural heritage of a group. EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES Basic Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education, commonly referred to as the DepEd. It controls the Philippine educational system, including the creation and implementation of the curriculum and the utilization of funds allotted by the national government. It also manages the construction of schools, acquisition of books and other school materials, and the recruitment of teachers and staff.  Before the Philippines attained independence in 1946, the country’s education system was patterned after the educational systems of Spain and the United States. The Philippines, with exemption to other parts of the country, were under Spanish rule for more than three hundred years while the Americans stayed for twenty two years. educational practices, which reflected their culture and ideologies. During the Spanish time, the function of education was inculcated moral and religious values. Religion was the core curriculum, and the schools were used to spread Christianity. It mainly served the upper classes; thus, education symbolized “social standing and prestige.” The educated class consisted mostly of ilustrados. When the Americans came,education was focused on the development of new social patterns that would prepare the nation for a self-governing democracy. Public institution was institutionalized to give every person the education needed to participate in a self- governing democracy. The medium of instruction was English. However, after independence, the country’s educational  Today, the government of the Philippines has been very active in tapping the educational system for the country’s development efforts. With the adaptation of the K to 12 programs, it is hoped that Philippine Educational System is now responding to the demands of the economy for national development. TYPES OF EDUCATION 1. FORMAL EDUCATION This refers to the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded educational system from primary school to the university, including programs and institutions for full time technical and vocational training. At the end of each level, the learners must obtain certification in order to enter or advance to the next level. Formal education shall correspond to the following levels in basic education: A. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Elementary education involves compulsory, formal education primarily concerned with providing basic education, and usually corresponds to a traditional six grades or seven grades, and in addition, to preschool programs. Such preschool education normally consists of kindergarten schooling but may cover other preparatory courses as well. At the basic education level, the Department of Education (DepEd) sets overall educational standards and mandates standardized tests for the K to 12 basic education system, although private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum in accordance with existing laws and Department regulations. B. SECONDARY EDUCATION Secondary education, public schools and private schools, is concerned primarily with continuing basic education of the elementary level and expanding it to include the learning of employable, gainful skills, usually corresponding to four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school C. TERTIARY EDUCATION Institutions of higher education may be classified as either public or private college or university, and public institutions of higher education may further be subdivided into two types: state universities and colleges and local colleges and universities. Most institutions of higher learning are regulated by the Commission of Higher Education (CHED). Colleges typically offer 1 or more specialized programs while universities must offer at least 8 or more different undergraduate degree programs in a wide array of subjects and at least 2 or more graduate programs. Public universities are all non-sectarian and offer a wide-range of programs, with English as medium of instruction. Public universities are government funded, with the largest, the University of the Philippines, receiving a substantial amount from the annual budget. There are also several private tertiary institutions, sectarian or non-sectarian as well as for profit or not-for-profit. 2. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION It refers to any organized educational activity outside the established formal system to provide selected types of learning to a segment of the population. As a concept, non-formal education emerged in response to the world crisis in education identified by Philip H. Coombs in 1967, who argued that the formal education system have failed to address the changing dynamics of the environment and the societies. The skills that are needed to foster economic development are lacking due to untrained labor force that is not able to access formal education. Non-formal education enables a student to learn skills and knowledge through structured learning experiences. A student learns his/her values, principles, and beliefs and undergoes lifelong learning. 3. INFORMAL EDUCATION It is a lifelong process whereby every individual acquires from daily experiences, attitudes, values, facts, skills, and knowledge or motor skill from resources in his or her higher environment. It offers alternative learning opportunities for the out of school youth and adults specifically those who are 15 years old and above and unable to avail themselves of the educational services and programs of formal education. It reaches out to citizens of varied interests, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic origins and status. Its primary objective is to provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy. SPECIAL EDUCATION Special Education refers to the education of persons who are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or culturally different from so- called “normal” individuals, such that they require modification of school practices to develop their potential. Special education provides distinct services, curricula, and instructional materials geared to pupils or students who are significantly higher or lower than the average or norm. SPED aims to develop the maximums potential of the child with the special needs to enable him/her to become self-reliant and take advantage of the opportunities for a full and happy life. FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY As British sociologist Herbert Spencer explains, functions are important to be performed as they make the society whole. If each function is working well, society attains progress. He lays down the functions of education as follows: 1. PRODUCTIVE CITIZENRY Education systems enable citizens to be productive members of a society, as they are equipped with knowledge and skills that could contribute to the development of their society’s systems and institutions. This highlights the importance of formal and non-formal education in the development of oneself and the society. Consequentially, it is crucial for educational systems to adapt to the changing demands of the environment to efficiently capacitate individuals. Being a productive citizen requires critical thinking. One must have the ability to understand his or her duties and be able to respond to them by making decisions. Through education, individuals are introduced to concepts concerning democracy, power, inequality, and the like. This promotes greater awareness in his or her society. It encourages vigilance and participation. Educational attainment does not only contribute to the individual’s success but also to the betterment of his or her environment. 2. SELF-ACTUALIZATION Education develops one’s sense of self. As a huge part of the discovery process of oneself, education encourages having the vision to become self- actualized. Moreover, it enables one to see your strengths and maintain them. It enables one to determine weakness and adjust to them. This helps one reach full potential and establish oneself as a whole. According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is the highest form of human need. It was defined as “to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming.” The concept of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on. 1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear. 3. Love and belongingness needs -the need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work). 4. Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, and independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and precedes real self- esteem or dignity. 5. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self- fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.  1) Teaching basic skills, such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. 2) Helping children develop skills in abstracting thinking and problem solving. 3) Transmitting the cultural heritage, from which individual may develop an appreciation of their society. 4) Communicating to children the basic value of the society. 5) Teaching the special aspects of the culture, such as art, music,literature, drama, science, technology, and sports. 6) Teaching vocational skills that help individuals enter the job market. 7) Training citizens for life within the political system of their society. 8) Preparing children to live long and form meaningful relationship with other human beings. PRIMARY EDUCATION AS A HUMAN RIGHT Primary education is essential in the early stages of human life. Humans need education to enable them to adapt to the dictates of their society. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) declare that education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights. It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits. Yet millions of children and adults remain deprived of educational opportunities, many as a result of poverty.”  QUIZ IZ IT! READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY AND SELECT THE BEST ANSWER. 1. According to Macionis in 2012, it is the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values. A. Family C. Government B. Education D. Religion 2. Basic Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the _________ A. Department of Education C. T.E.S.D.A B. Commission on Higher Education D. A.L.S  3. This refers to the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded educational system from primary school to the university, including programs and institutions for full time technical and vocational training.. A. Informal Education C. Formal Education B. TESDA skill training D. Special Education  4. This refers to the education of persons who are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or culturally different from so- called “normal” individuals, such that they require modification of school practices to develop their potential.. A. Informal Education C. Formal Education B. TESDA skill training D. Special Education  WHAT’S ON YOUR MIND? Have you ever pondered upon how lucky you are to be able to attend school with ease and comfort? Can you tell us your thoughts on this, please? You’ll be scored with the ff. criteria: Neatness-2pts Clarity of thought—2pts Overall appeal—2pt TRY TO WATCH THIS… Thank you very much everyone! See you next week. 