U6 All Jordan HN4 PDF

## Where we live ### Vocabulary and grammar * Words and phrases for comparing and contrasting * nomadic lifestyle * houses and space * household problems * solutions * Grammar * Modal and related verbs * Articles ### Listening * An interview with a digital nomad ### Spea...

## Where we live ### Vocabulary and grammar * Words and phrases for comparing and contrasting * nomadic lifestyle * houses and space * household problems * solutions * Grammar * Modal and related verbs * Articles ### Listening * An interview with a digital nomad ### Speaking * Giving instructions ### Reading * An article about living in a small space ### Writing * A report ### Viewing and Presenting * Work * Houses and space * Household problems * Instructions * Volunteering ## Lesson 1A: Vocabulary and Grammar **Photos** * The photos show 4 different cities: * Cairo, Egypt * Dubai, United Arab Emirates * Riyadh, Saudi Arabia * Singapore **In pairs, look at the photos and answer the questions.** 1. If you could go to one of these places to study for six months, which would you choose? Say why. 2. What challenges might you face? **6.1 Listen to Amer and Fadi** * Which of these topics do they mention? * Food * Language * Local laws * Missing friends * Weather * People's behaviour * What do they say about those topics? **Modal and related verbs** * **Think Back:** Complete the table with the modal verbs | Modal Verb | Meaning | |---|---| | be able to | ability | | can | ability, permission | | can't | inability, prohibition | | could | ability in the past | | couldn't | inability in the past | | don't have to | lack of necessity | | have to | necessity | | may | possibility, permission | | must | necessity, strong obligation | | mustn't | prohibition | | need to | necessity | | needn't | lack of necessity | | ought to | advice | | should | advice | | shouldn't | negative advice | **6.2 Complete these extracts from the recording with the words from the box.** * Listen and check * allowed * forbidden * managed * obliged * permitted * required * succeeded **6. Complete the text with the words and phrases from the box.** * Sometimes more than one answer is possible. * don't have to (x2) * forbidden * obliged * shouldn't/mustn't * will have to ### Things you should know before moving to Sweden #### The environment * Swedes are really green. * Littering is **1** everywhere, and if you're caught dropping even the tiniest bit, you **2** pay a fine. * You are also **3** by law to sort out your recycling. #### Social etiquette * Don't expect Swedes to be chatty. They don't talk to you if they **4** to. * You **5** turn up late or early. * In some other ways they're quite informal: at school, you **6** to call your teacher Professor or Mr or Mrs as they prefer to be called by their first names. **7 Replace the underlined words with words and phrases from the box.** * There are several alternatives. * Which sound more formal? * a lot * considerably * far * marginally * miles * nothing like * nowhere near * significantly * slightly * way 1 Summer in Singapore is much hotter than in England but only a bit hotter than in Egypt. 2 Summer in England is not nearly as hot as in Singapore. **8 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.** * Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1 Singapore is very safe **compared with / to / from** other countries. 2 Dubai is expensive **in / by / on** comparison with many countries. 3 In Saudi Arabia, the temperatures are high **during the day whereas / wherever / but** during the night they are very low. ## Lesson 2A: Listening and Vocabulary **18 August 9 PM.: Making the world your home** * A growing number of people are becoming digital nomads, who can do their job from anywhere in the world. * Find out more about this mobile lifestyle in today's programme. **In pairs, read the advert for a radio programme and discuss the questions.** 1. What do you understand by the phrase 'digital nomad'? 2. What do you imagine are the advantages and disadvantages of this lifestyle? **6.3 Listen to the programme and answer the questions.** 1. What is Hani's job? 2. Where is he working from at the moment? 3. Is he successful in his job? 4. Is he generally happy with his lifestyle? Why? **6.3 Listen again and choose the correct answers.** 1. What did Hani most dislike about his life before becoming a digital nomad? * Not enough holidays * The repetitive work routine * The long commute to work 2. How did Hani's parents feel about his decision to adopt the nomad lifestyle? * They were concerned he might never come back. * They were worried he wouldn't earn enough money. * They feared he might get homesick. 3. When choosing a new location, Hani is most interested in places: * Which offer an exciting lifestyle. * Which are by the sea. * Where there are a range of shared working spaces. 4. What does Hani say about his life on the move? * It can be hard to meet like-minded people. * It's not easy to maintain relationships with his circle of friends at home. * He occasionally misses his home comforts. 5. For Hani, what is the biggest challenge of working remotely? * The inability to switch off from work * Poor internet connectivity in some places * Feeling like you're on holiday and not wanting to work **4 Complete the phrases which you heard with the words from the box.** * comforts * down * move * remotely * roots * space * to one place * home * co-working * put down * settle * tied down 1. on the **space** 2. **home** comforts 3. **work** remotely 4. **put down** roots 5. **co-working** space 6. **settle** down 7. **tied down** to one place **5 Complete the sentences with the phrases from Exercise 4.** 1. Does the idea of a life **tied down** to one place appeal to you? 2. Would you prefer to **work remotely** or **settle down** in a company office? 3. Would you prefer to work from home or in a **co-working space**? 4. If you became a digital nomad, which of your **home comforts** would you miss the most? 5. What do you think is a suitable age to **put down roots** and get a job? 6. If you had to move to another country, what would help you to **settle down** in the new place? 7. Why do you think some people hate being **tied down**? Why do they prefer a nomadic lifestyle? **6 Speaking:** In pairs, take turns to ask and answer the questions in Exercise 5. Give reasons for your answers. ## Lesson 3A: Grammar **1 In pairs, describe the house in the photo. Would you like to stay in a house like this? Say why.** **2 Read the article. Has your opinion from Exercise 1 changed? Say why.** ### Passive Houses Traditional houses need a lot of energy to keep warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Old houses are also often inefficient. For example, in the winter, a lot of the heat inside a house is lost through windows, doors and even the walls. For that reason, people often want to live in a passive house. A designer first invented passive houses in Germany, and they are popular in Europe. They use solar energy from the sun for hot water, and even treat waste water so that it can be used again. A passive house also has very good windows and wall insulation, which means that heat does not leave the house: materials keep the house warm, just as a jumper can keep you warm in the winter. A special device also takes old, wet air from the house and replaces it with fresh air. For this reason, passive houses are the best way to save on energy bills and to live a comfortably warm house all year. However, because passive house technology is quite new, they are expensive and are usually bought only by the rich. ### Articles **3 Complete the rules 1-10 with a/an, the or no article (Ø). Use the underlined examples in the article to help. There is one extra sentence.** 1. We use **Ø** with the names of people, places, and most countries. 2. We use **a/an** with singular countable nouns. 3. We use **Ø** with uncountable nouns. 4. We usually use **Ø** with seasons. 5. We use **Ø** with names of mountain ranges, oceans and rivers. 6. We use **Ø** before superlative adjectives. 7. We use **Ø** with regions in the world. 8. We use **the** for something we have mentioned before. 9. We use **Ø** with groups of people. 10. We use **Ø** with specific jobs. **4 Complete the article with a, the or no article (Ø). In pairs, explain your choices. ** ### Leaving home comforts to enjoy nature At the age of 16, Zaid Alkhayyat decided to give up his home comforts and live alone in **Ø** tent. At the time, he was **the** youngest student doing a two-year course at the School of Adventure Studies on the Isle of Skye in **Ø** Scotland. **His** tent was in a remote part of **the** island and almost impossible to find without detailed directions. Every morning, he would get up at 6 a.m., wash in **a** river, light **a** fire and drink **a** cup of tea before going to **Ø** college. While studying at the Adventure School, he also gave **Ø** lessons to **Ø** conservation experts about how to survive in **the** wild. **5 Write sentences, adding a/an or the where necessary.** 1. **I** live in **a** flat near **the** city centre in **Amman**. 2. **I** have **a** dream of climbing **Jabal Umm ad Dami**. 3. **I** prefer **mountains** to **the** sea. 4. **I** once went to **the** hospital for **an** operation. 5. **I** live near **the** River Thames, which flows through **London**. **6 Speaking:** In pairs, rework the sentences in Exercise 5 so they are true for you. ## Lesson 4A: Reading and Vocabulary **1 Speaking:** In pairs, look at the photos on pages 8 and 9 and answer the question. How would you feel about living in a house or flat as small as those shown in the photos? **2 Read the article and match questions 1-5 with paragraphs A-E.** **In which paragraph does the author...** 1. give examples of ways to design a home to make the most of space? 2. discuss the factors leading to a move towards smaller properties in some countries? 3. summarise the answer to the question asked in the title? 4. explain that in some cultures too much privacy is seen as a negative concept? 5. outline the findings of an investigation into the implications of living with others in an enclosed space? **3 In pairs, read the article again and answer the questions.** 1. What advantages of living in a tiny home are mentioned? 2. What suggestions for maximising space in a small home are mentioned? 3. What were the findings of the NASA-funded experiment? 4. According to Ellen Pader, what are the advantages of sharing a space with others? **4 Match the highlighted words and phrases from the article with their definitions.** 1. **Additional and not needed because there is already enough of something.** * superfluous 2. **Very small and restricted, surrounded by walls.** * confined 3. **Small, but arranged so that everything fits neatly into the space available.** * compact 4. **(In a city) having a lot of people living close together.** * densely populated 5. **Not having enough space.** * cramped 6. **Neither small, nor large.** * medium-sized **5 Complete the questions with words from Exercise 4. Then ask and answer the questions in pairs.** 1. What are some of the largest and most **densely populated** cities in the world? 2. How do you feel about being in a **confined** space like a lift? 3. Would you describe your room as small, large, or **medium-sized**? 4. If you lived in a location where space was non-existent, which of your **superfluous** items would you throw away? Say why. 5. Is your room **cramped** enough to fit in a desk, bed and closet? 6. Have you ever travelled in uncomfortable conditions, with a lot of people on a bus or train? **6 Speaking:** In pairs or small groups, discuss the questions. Give reasons and examples. 1. In what way is 'living small' a more environmentally friendly way of living? 2. Do you agree that living in a very large home might have disadvantages? Say why? 3. Has reading this article changed your views about how much space people need? Say why? ## Living small: How much living space do we really need? **A** Could you live in a home that is only 37 square metres in size? That is the size of a so-called 'tiny home', which has become a big craze in some parts of the world, giving rise to a new social trend: the 'tiny house movement'. These compact properties have become more popular as people recognise the benefits of 'living small'. For some, it's the only way to afford a home, but for others it's a lifestyle choice, offering a way of living more ecologically and less wastefully. Living in a small space means that you have to get rid of your excess possessions. It also forces you to go out and engage with the rest of the world. **B** Living small requires careful planning and who better to turn to for inspiration than the Japanese, the masters in the art of saving space. In densely populated cities like Tokyo, many people live in apartments smaller than ten square metres. They have managed to come up with ingenious space-saving solutions to make the apartments feel less cramped, such as the use of deep wardrobes and cupboards for storage. In this way, bedding can be folded and put away every day, allowing the room to be used for purposes other than sleeping. Another method is the use of sliding doors which can divide the room into different living areas when required. **C** Living in a compact home might work for one, or even two people, but what about when you are obliged to compete for space with several others? This is a question being investigated by a NASA-funded Mars simulation experiment. A 'habitat' has been located on the slopes of a volcano in the Pacific Ocean, and its goal is to understand how people can successfully live and work together on trips into space. Six crew members share a space which is 11 metres in diameter, i.e. the size of a medium-sized, one-bedroom apartment. They each have their own personal space, big enough for a tiny bed and chair. They are not permitted to leave the capsule unless they are wearing a spacesuit. There have been five 'missions' so far, lasting between six and 12 months. The experiment shows that although some privacy is essential, people in confined spaces get on better when they spend more time together rather than retreating to their own private or personal space. **D** Professor Ellen Pader from the University of Massachusetts, who has published research on the impact of space on relationships, believes a major benefit of sharing space with others is that you learn respect for other people, and you also learn to negotiate with people, instead of just withdrawing when things get difficult. In many western countries, there is an assumption that we all need privacy, but this is not a universally shared belief. In Mexico, for example, according to Pader's research, people often prefer to share bedrooms and bathrooms because being alone feels like a punishment. **E** So why is living space important? We need to get the right balance between having enough of it to allow some privacy, but not so much that we no longer interact with others. ## Lesson 5A: Vocabulary | Household problems and solutions **1 Think Back:** In pairs, discuss the questions. 1. Are you a practical person? Do you know how to: * change a bulb? * fix a leaking pipe? * repair a flat tyre? * remove a carpet stain? **2 Have you ever helped to decorate a house?** **2 Replace the underlined verbs in Exercise 1 with the verbs from the box. Use one of the verbs twice.** * do up * get rid of * mend * replace **3 Look at the photos on the right. Have you ever had any of these problems? How could you deal with them?** **4 Check you understand the highlighted words. Read the online article. Match 1-4 below with problems a-d in Exercise 3.** ### Deal with common household problems! 1. **First sweep it up with a dustpan and brush. Then press a piece of cloth onto the floor to pick up the remaining tiny pieces.** 2. **Rub toothpaste on it and then wipe down with a damp dishcloth.** 3. **Arrange the cables and label them with folded masking tape.** 4. **Soak it in warm soapy water. Then gently pull it until it regains its original size and shape.** **5 Study Active Vocabulary and complete the text with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs.** * break down * come across * do up * mop up * sweep up * wipe down The other day I went into the kitchen and **1 came across** a puddle of water on the kitchen floor. It turned out that the freezer **2 broke down** and was leaking. So I **3 mopped up** the water. Shortly afterwards, my brother went into the kitchen and slipped on the wet floor. Unfortunately, he was carrying a cup of coffee, which he **4 dropped**. The cup smashed into pieces, and the coffee splashed all over the wall! The kitchen had only recently been **5 done up**, and the walls were freshly painted. So I **6 wiped down** the wall with a damp cloth while my brother **7 swept up** the bits of broken coffee cup. **6 Replace the underlined parts in Exercise 5 with pronouns. Change the word order where necessary.** **7 Speaking** In pairs, talk about similar household disasters. Use words and phrases from this lesson. ## Lesson 6A: Speaking **1 In pairs, discuss the questions.** 1. How do you personalise your room to make it your own space? 2. Have you ever assembled flat-pack furniture? Did you enjoy it? Say why? **2 6.7 Listen to Habib giving DIY (Do It Yourself) instructions. Who does not like DIY?** **3 6.7 Study the Speaking box. Listen again and complete the phrases with one word in each gap.** ### Speaking | Giving instructions **Explaining what to do** * It's advisable to **do** ... * The first **you** do is... * When **you've** done that, ... * What you **do** is... * **To** you have to do is... * The key/main thing to remember is... * It's vital/essential **that** you... **Explaining what not to do** * Make sure you **don't**... * Try to avoid (+ -ing)... * I'd advise you not to.. * There's no need **to**.. * **If** you do, don't... **Finishing the instructions** * And that's it. **4 Study Watch Out! Then rewrite the sentences starting with the words given.** 1. You just need some scissors and masking tape. **All you need is** some scissors and masking tape. 2. You turn on the oven by pressing this switch. **The way you turn on the oven is** by pressing this switch. 3. I used a damp dishcloth to remove the stain. **What I did was** use a damp dishcloth to remove the stain. 4. Next you soak it in water. **What you do next is** soak it in water. 5. He's really good at DIY. **What he is** really good at DIY. **5 In pairs, go to page 77 and explain how to make a speaker. Use phrases from the Speaking box and Exercise 4.** ## Lesson 7A: Writing | A report **1 Speaking** In pairs, look at the photos and discuss the questions. 1. Does your school have a common room where students can study? 2. What would your ideal common room be like? ### Report: Student Common Room Renovation **Aims** The aim of this report is to identify areas for improvement in the student common room, and make suggestions for how to achieve this. The report is based on a survey of 50 students. **A. Seating** Nearly all students felt that the chairs and sofas were in bad condition. Several cushions are stained and many chairs legs are badly scratched. Many students also complained that the chairs were heavy and should be replaced. **B. Entertainment** All of the students were of the opinion that there should be some form of entertainment. Several suggested a table tennis table. Opinions were divided about whether there should be a smart TV. Approximately half felt this would be beneficial, whereas the other half expressed concern that this might distract from study and conversation. **C. Look** Regarding wall colour, whilst few expressed a preference for bright colours, around three quarters of students had no strong feelings on the matter. **D. Space** A few students expressed a wish for the common room to contain storage lockers where they could keep their bags. The vast majority of students, however, were concerned this would make the room feel cramped. **Conclusion and recommendations ** In conclusion, it seems that the priority is to replace the seating, provide a table tennis table and repaint the walls. Regarding the unresolved question of installing a smart TV, I would recommend asking all students to vote on this. **2 Read the Writing task below and the report. What kinds of problems are described? What are the solutions?** The director of a school wants to renovate and update the school common room to make it a better place to study, socialize and relax. You have been asked to conduct a student survey and write a report about what needs to be improved, and make suggestions. * Students reported that the common room is in need of repair. * Many students would like a game room, whereas some are concerned that a TV will distract from studying. * Students would like more storage lockers for their belongings. * Students would like a place to study and socialise and relax. * The director of the school should replace the seating, provide a table tennis table, repaint the walls and add a smart TV. **3 Complete the Writing box with examples from the report.** ### Writing | A report **Organisation** * Begin with an introduction and how you obtained the information, e.g. * The **purpose** of this report is to... * The report is **intended** to ... * The report is **based** on a survey of... * Use linkers like **regarding** or **with regard to** to announce a change of topic. **Body** * Report the opinions... * Some ... **expressed** a wish for/preference for/concern that... * Many... were **of the** opinion/view that... * Many... had **no** strong opinion/view that... * Opinions were **divided** on the ... about... * Some people **commented** that... * Use quantifiers to express people's opinions... * **Just over half**... * **The majority of**... * **Almost all**... * **Some/Several/Many/All/None/Hardly anybody**... * **A few/A large/A significant number of**... **Conclusion and recommendations** * In conclusion, it **appears** that... * I would strongly **recommend**... * The best solution **would seem to be. ** **4 Complete the diagram with quantifiers from the report.** | 100%| 0%| |---|---| |All| None| |Most| Hardly any| |Almost all| Very little| |Many| | | A significant number| | |Several (of)| | |Much| | |Just over half | | | Around half| | | A handful of| | | A small number of| **5 Which of the quantifiers in Exercise 4 can be used with...** * a. countable nouns? * b. uncountable nouns? * c. both countable and uncountable nouns? **6 Study Watch Out! Then read the sentences and correct the mistakes if there are any.** 1. A few of the floorboards are loose. 2. Nearly all the stains have been removed. 3. **Most of** the chairs need repairing. 4. **The majority of** us like the common room. **7 WRITING TASK Read the Writing task, study the survey results and write a report. Use the Writing box to help you. ** Your local council wants to introduce more recreational facilities where people can meet. You have been asked to write a report and make recommendations. You have done the survey and the results are below. **Use the Graphic Organiser to help you plan your writing.** ### SURVEY After a survey based on interviews with 40 people, 90% said facilities were not adequate. We asked: What facilities would you most like to see? * Cafe (28%) * Cinema (9%) * Swimming pool (25%) * Sports facilities (21%) * Drama and music classes (17%)