Types of Rocks PDF

Types of Rocks  Learning Competency At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning competency should be met by the students. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11/12ES-Ib-10).  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to do the foll...

Types of Rocks  Learning Competency At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning competency should be met by the students. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11/12ES-Ib-10).  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to do the following: Identify rocks if its igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic Classify rocks if its igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic  Igneous rocks need high rock-melting heat similar to the temperature of the primitive earth. The term igneous comes from the Latin word ignis which means fire. It is formed in temperatures not lower than 700°C. How can a geologist differentiate one type of igneous rock from the other?  Learn about It Igneous Rocks Volcanic Igneous rocks are formed from solidification of magma or lava which flows out from depth. Minerals such as quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, amphibole, and mica are the components of almost Basalt, an example of an all types of igneous rocks. igneous rock Learn about It feldspar olivine quartz Amphibole pyroxene Mica  Learn about It Formation of Igneous Rock Igneous rocks are characterized by intergrowth of crystals and/or volcanic glass. Crystal size is directly proportional to the cooling Gabbro, an igneous rock rate of magma.  Learn about It Formation of Igneous Rock Big crystals are formed deep underground, while smaller crystals are formed near the surface. Cooling and crystal formation Bowen’s reaction series is a general model created to show the progression of silicate crystallization at specific temperature.  Learn about It Types of Igneous Rocks An extrusive igneous rock forms when magma or volcanic fragments erupt and solidify on Earth’s surface which results in very fine-grained rock with very small crystals that could not be seen through naked eye. The eruption of magma on Earth’s surface produces extrusive igneous rocks  Learn about It Types of Igneous Rocks An intrusive igneous rock forms when magma crystallizes within the crust and is composed of medium to coarse grains. It is also known as a plutonic rock. Formation of intrusive igneous rock  Learn about It Naming of Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks can be named using the binary system which is mainly based on its texture and composition of the rock. Classifying igneous rocks based on texture and composition. Composition (silica content) Texture Felsic Intermediate Mafic extrusive (volcanic) rhyolite andesite basalt intrusive (plutonic) granite diorite gabbro  Learn about It Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks were formed from organic, mechanical or chemical sediments. A process called lithification is where harden sediments become sedimentary rocks. Coquina, a sedimentary rock – made from seashells or coral.  Learn about It Formation of Sedimentary Rock Diagenesis is a collective process where sediments are lithified (becomes rock). It has four main parts: Compaction Cementation Recrystallization Chemical changes (oxidation/reduction)  Learn about It Types of Sedimentary Rock Examples of non-clastic sedimentary rocks Non-clastic Composition Texture (grain size) Rock Name sedimentary rocks can chert (light color) quartz very fine crystalline be biological, chemical, flint (dark color) or a combination of fine to coarse gypsum rock gypsum both. crystalline fine to coarse halite rock salt crystalline altered plant fine-grained bituminous coal fragments organic matter  Learn about It Examples of Non-clastic sedimentary rocks chert rock gypsum  Learn about It Classification of sedimentary rocks Types of based on particle size. Sedimentary Rock Texture (grain size) Sediment name Rock name gravel (rounded Clastic sedimentary coarse fragments) conglomerate rocks are made up of (over 2 mm) gravel (angular breccia sediments from fragments) preexisting rocks. medium sand sandstone (1/16 to 2 mm) fine silt siltstone (1/16 to 1/256 mm) very fine clay shale (< 1/256 mm)  Learn about It Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks shale breccia  Learn about It Types of Sedimentary Rock Biological sedimentary rocks are lithified accumulation of dead organisms. Chemical sedimentary rocks form from chemical precipitation  Learn about It This figure shows an example of how to identify sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic Rocks  Learn about It Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been altered, changed, or transformed in the solid state due to changes in pressure, temperature conditions, and chemical actions of hot fluids. Slate, a metamorphic rock  Learn about It Formation of Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism refers to the alteration of rocks due to different factors, like temperature and pressure. There are many ways by which this occurs.  Learn about It Types of Metamorphic Rocks Contact metamorphism occurs only at a local area adjacent to large intrusions and along fractures that are in contact with hot fluids. Contact metamorphism.  Learn about It Types of Metamorphic Rocks Regional metamorphism occurs when there are major igneous intrusions, presence of extreme pressure and heat due to deep burial. Regional metamorphism.  Learn about It Types of Metamorphic Rocks Foliated metamorphic rocks are formed when parallel planes of platy or elongated minerals creating what is called as foliations. Increasing metamorphism causes distinct bands or foliation to form.  Learn about It Examples of Foliated Metamorphic Rocks slate schist  Learn about It Types of Metamorphic Rocks Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks do not have layered appearance. Examples are marble, quartzite, and anthracite. Some metamorphic rocks with their corresponding protoliths  Learn about It Examples of Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks quartzite marble Learn about It  Learn about It Rock Cycle The rock cycle shows that all rocks are related to each other. Igneous rocks can change into sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Rock Cycle  Learn about It Rock Cycle The rock cycle shows that all rocks are related to each other. Sedimentary rocks may also transform into igneous or metamorphic rocks. Rock Cycle  Learn about It Rock Cycle The rock cycle shows that all rocks are related to each other. Metamorphic rocks can change into all the three rock types. Rock Cycle  Learn about It Classifying Rocks To identify an unknown rock sample, just follow this key shown below for you to be guided on classifying the rock sample in an accurate manner. Classifying Rock Types  Key Points Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been altered, changed or transformed in the solid state. Recrystallization, neomorphism and metasomatism are the three ways of metamorphism. The rock cycle shows that all rocks are related to each other.  Key Points Sedimentary rocks are formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments, a process called lithification. Sedimentary rocks are classified into clastic or non-clastic.  Key Points Igneous rock is formed from solidification of magma or lava which flows out from depth. Igneous rocks can be classified based on the temperature- pressure condition. Bowen’s reaction series shows the progression of silicate minerals crystallization at specific temperature condition.  Bibliography Amethyst Galleries Inc. “Mineral Gallery” Accessed April 5, 2018. http://www.galleries.com/default.htm Coenraads, Robert R. 2005. Rocks & Fossils: A Visual Guide. Australia: Weldon Owen Inc. Tarbuck, Edward J. and Frederick J. Lutgens. 2012. Earth Science, 13th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Thompson, Graham R. and Jonathan Turk. 1997. Introduction to Physical Geology. United States: Brooks Cole Publishing. Williams, Linda. 2004. Earth Science Demystified. United States: The McGraw -Hill Companies, Inc.