Turing Tests and Russian Rooms - PDF

Turing Tests and Russian Rooms Syntax Physical symbol structures are purely syntactic The symbols do not have any intrinsic meaning Nor do the expressions built up out of them The operations on physical symbols are sensitive only to the “shape” of those symbols Formal rule...

Turing Tests and Russian Rooms Syntax Physical symbol structures are purely syntactic The symbols do not have any intrinsic meaning Nor do the expressions built up out of them The operations on physical symbols are sensitive only to the “shape” of those symbols Formal rules, like the rules of a logical calculus From syntax to semantics One can specify a complete machine table for a TM without saying anything about what it is intended to represent (its intended interpretation) The machine table just specifies what the appropriate transitions are for any possible combination of inputs and states But if we assign meanings to the symbols then we can interpret the machine as carrying out specific calculations Turing Test This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Multiple realizability The thesis that the same mental property or state, or event can be implemented by different physical properties, states or events Pai n Why believe in 1) Evolution the Multiple 2) Brain Plasticity Realizability Thesis? 3) Artificial Intelligence Chinese Room Thought Experiment Counterexample to “strong” AI John Searle (born 1932, Denver, Colorado)  Syntax vs. Semantics Syntax: formal properties of symbol Nyumba What do you know about this string of symbols?  Syntax vs. Semantics Syntax: formal properties of Semantics: meaning of symbol symbols Nyumba Houses What do you know about this What do you know about this string of symbols? string of symbols?  Syntax vs. Semantics Syntax: formal properties of Semantics: meaning of symbol symbols Nyumba Houses What do you know about What do you know about this these symbols? string of symbols? The Chinese Room - S earle  Syntax is not sufficient for Semantics in g Syntax: formal properties of Semantics: meaning of n d symbol symbols s t a Houses e r Nyumba n d What do you know about U What do you know about this these symbols? string of symbols? Three main claims The “internal processing” in the Russian room is purely syntactic (based on the shapes of the symbols) The person in the Russian room has no understanding of Russian Therefore, what is going on in someone who really does understand Russian (or anything else) cannot be the sort of processing that takes place in the Russian room What is genuine understanding? Clearly cannot be understood in purely behavioral terms Searle: “Understanding a language, or indeed having mental states at all, involves more than just having a bunch of formal symbols. It involves having an interpretation or a meaning attached to those symbols” (In Chalmers, p. 671) The Russian room argument raises questions to the Turing test The person in the Russian room can not understand Russian. Can a machine that responds in the way that a human being responds count as intelligent?