Tudors History PDF
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Uploaded by HopefulBildungsroman
Université de Skikda
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Summary
This document provides a detailed account of the Tudor dynasty, covering the reigns of Henry VII and VIII, including their roles in England's religious and political landscape, including The Act of Supremacy and its effect on the Church of England, up to the Elizabethan Era. It explains the spread of Protestantism, and the assimilation of Wales into England, highlighting key figures such as Catherine of Aragon, and Anne Boleyn.
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**The Birth of the Nation State: the Tudors (1485--1603)** **[Henry VII (1485--1509)] (Henry the Seventh)** After the Wars of the Roses, the half-Welsh Henry married Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.He built the foundations of a wealthy nation state and a powerfu...
**The Birth of the Nation State: the Tudors (1485--1603)** **[Henry VII (1485--1509)] (Henry the Seventh)** After the Wars of the Roses, the half-Welsh Henry married Elizabeth of York, thereby uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.He built the foundations of a wealthy nation state and a powerful monarchy. He avoided wars with Scotland and France, stabilized the English economy and formed alliances through marriages. Margaret, Henry's daughter, married James IV of Scotland, which later gave James's descendants a claim to the English throne. **Henry VIII (1509--1547) and the Reformation of England Henry the eighth** Henry VIII was an intelligent, well-read, pious king, the patron of the arts, but he was also cruel and wasteful of money he was fond of hunting and playing tennis. His lack of continual interest in government resulted in his over-reliance upon his ministers Thomas Cornwall and Thomas Wolsey. Henry VIII\'s desire for a divorce from his first wife, **Catherine of Aragon**, led to a break with the Catholic Church. **The Act of Supremacy**, passed in 1534, made Henry the head of the Church of England, allowing him to annul his marriage to Catherine and marry **Anne Boleyn**. **Religious Reformation:** **The spread of Protestantism** helped integrate Scotland and Wales into the British state. **Wales\' Assimilation:** Henry VIII incorporated Wales into England through the **Act of Union in 1536**, making it part of the English legal and administrative system. Henry's second wife was **Anne Boleyn,** who was beheaded for treason. His third wife, **Jane Seymour**, finally bore him a son, who was later to become Edward VI. After Jane died in childbed, Henry married **Anne of Cleves** (annulated after a few months); then, he made two more marriages with **Katherine Howard** (executed on grounds of adultery in 1542) and **Catherine Parr** (who survived Henry to die in 1548) **(Bloody) Mary I** Mary I was the Catholic daughter of Catherine of Aragon. Mary, for political, religious and family reasons, chose to marry King Philip of Spain. She then began persecuting and burning Protestants (300 people died), which resulted her nickname "Bloody Mary." Mary I's aim was to restore the Catholic Church. In a war against French, she lost the last English possession in France (Calais). Elizabeth I (1558--1603) The daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn She was one of England's greatest monarchs. Known as the \"Virgin Queen\", she reigned for 45 years during a period often referred to as the Elizabethan Era. Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1559) Established the Church of England as Protestant but retained some Catholic traditions to appeal to both sides.Cultural Flourishing (The Elizabethan Era) Known as a Golden Age of Culture: The period saw the rise of English drama and literature, with figures like William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Edmund Spenser. Elizabeth I actively took part in the colonization of America. Walter Raleigh "sponsored a number of attempts to establish an English colony
