Philippines Transportation 20XX PDF

CHAPTER 7: Transportation in the Philippines **Transportation in the Philippines** covers the transportation methods within this archipelagic nation of over 7,500 islands. From a previously underdeveloped state of transportation, the government of the Philippines has been improving transportation t...

CHAPTER 7: Transportation in the Philippines **Transportation in the Philippines** covers the transportation methods within this archipelagic nation of over 7,500 islands. From a previously underdeveloped state of transportation, the government of the Philippines has been improving transportation through various direct infrastructure projects, and these include an increase in air, sea, road, and rail transportation and transport hubs. **AIR TRANSPORTATION IN THE PHILIPPINES** Air transportation in the Philippines goes back to the early days of aviation prior to World War II, during the American colonial period of the Philippines. Currently, the Philippines has several registered airline companies, but they are mostly chartered. There are two main domestic airline groups doing business as Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific, with AirAsia Philippines competing on some international routes. The domestic market is dominated by the Cebu Pacific group which has a 61% market share, followed by the Philippine Airlines group which has 29%, followed by AirAsia, having a 9% share. LIST OF AIRLINES IN THE PHILIPPINES This list of airlines enumerates local airlines in the Philippines which have a current air operator\'s certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority. 1. Cebgo -**IATA Code**: DG, **ICAO** Code: SRQ**, Hubs and Focus Cities**: Cebu and Manila 2. Cebu Pacific \- **IATA Code**: 53, **ICAO Code**: CEB, **Hubs and Focus Cities**: Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Clark, Davao, Iloilo, Kalibo, Zamboanga and Manila 3. PAL Express **- IATA Code**: 2P**, ICAO Code**: GAP, **Hubs and Focus Cities**: Cebu, Clark, Davao, Zamboanga and Manila 4. Philippine Airlines \- **IATA Code**: PR**, ICAO Code**: PAL, **Hubs and Focus Cities**: Cebu, Clark, Davao, Kalibo and Manila 5\. Air Asia **- IATA Code**: Z2, **ICAO Code**: APG, **Hubs and Focus Cities**: Cebu, Clark, Davao, Kalibo, Puerto Princessa and Manila **Regional Airlines** 1. AirJuan - Hub: Puerto Princesa 2. AirSWIFT - Hub: Manila, El Nido 3. Alphaland Aviation -- Hub: Manila, Clark 4. Royalair - Hub: Clark, Cebu 5. Skyjet -- Hub: Manila 6. Sunlight air -- Hub: Manila, El Nido 7. SkyPasada -- Hub: Manila, Clark 8. Xplorasia -- Hub: Clark, Cebu **Charter Airline** 1. Air Link International Airways 2. INAEC 3. Lionair 4. Asian Aerospace Corporaion 5. Cyclone airways 6. Island Aviation Inc,. 7. Northsky Air 8. Platinum Skies Aviation 9. Pacificair 10. Subic Seaplane 11. Pacific Global One Aviation Company 12. PhilJets Aero Services Inc. **Cargo Airlines** 1. PSI 2. 2GO **LIST OF AIRPORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES** Regulation over airports and aviation in the Philippines lies with the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). The CAAP\'s classification system, introduced in 2008, rationalizes the previous Air Transportation Office (ATO) system of airport classification, pursuant to the Philippine Transport Strategic Study and the 1992 Civil Aviation Master Plan. The list is updated every three years, or as the need arises. In the current classification system, 85 airports owned by the national government are placed into one of three main categories: a\. International Airports b\. Principal Airports c\. Community Airports **A.INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS** **-** International airports are airports capable of handling international flights and have border control facilities. Airports in this category include airports that currently serve, or previously served, international destinations. There are currently 12 airports in this category. Ten of these airports were in the initial CAAP list in 2008: Clark Manila Davao General Santos Laoag Mactan-Cebu Kalibo Puerto Princesa Subic Bay Zamboanga The only airport elevated to international status since 2008 has been the Iloilo Airport, where scheduled international service began in 2012. Panglao Airport in Bohol, while billed as an international airport, is yet to be formally placed into this category as of January 2019. **B. PRINCIPAL AIRPORTS** **-** Principal airports are airports which serve domestic destinations. They\'re 32 in the total. This category is further subdivided into two types: ** Class 1 principal airports**- are airports capable of serving jet aircraft with a capacity of at least 100 seats (but could be 70). As of January 2019 there are 13 airports under this sub-category, all of which have regularly-scheduled air service. Tagbilaran Airport belonged to this category prior to its closure in lieu of Panglao Airport. **Class 2 principal airports** - are airports capable of serving propeller aircraft with a capacity of at least 19 seats. As of January 2019 there are 19 airports under this sub-category, most of which have regularly-scheduled air service. **C. COMMUNITY AIRPORTS** Community airports are airports that are used primarily as Regional and Local Airports or for General aviation. There are currently 41 airports in this category. Only a few community airports, such as Cauayan Airport and Ozamiz Airport, have regularly-scheduled air service. San Vicente Airport in Palawan, which is owned by the national government, remains unclassified as of January 2019. All privately owned aerodromes (airports, airstrips, airfields) are outside of the CAAP\'s classification system. International Airports WATER TRANSPORTATION IN THE PHILIPPINES 2GO/SuperFerry Cebu Ferries Cokaliong Shipping Lines International Container Terminal Services Inc. Montenegro Lines Negros Navigation Roble Shipping Inc. Sulpicio Lines Gothong Lines Trans-Asia Shipping Lines Weesam Express **RAIL TRANSPORTATION IN THE PHILIPPINES** Rail transport in the Philippines is a growing means of transportation for passengers and cargo in the country. Such means of transportation are used typically for rapid transport within major cites as well as long distance travel. The Philippine railway network consists of one commuter rail service provided by the Philippine National Railways (PNR), and a rapid transit system operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority and Metro Rail Transit Corporation. All three services were integrated through the Strong Republic Transit System, a project aimed at improving interchanges from one line to another. **COMMUTER RAIL** The Philippine National Railways is a state-owned railway system in the Philippines, organized under the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) as an attached agency. Established during the Spanish colonial period, the modern PNR was developed only in 1984. It formerly operated around 479 kilometers of track on the island of Luzon, where most Philippine rail infrastructure is located. Because of this, PNR has become synonymous with the Philippine rail system. A portion of the PNR network, specifically the Metro Manila portion of the network called as the Metro Commuter Line, is part of the Strong Republic Transit System (SRTS), and overall public transport system in the metropolis. It forms the backbone of all of Metro Manila\'s regional rail services, which extend to its suburbs and to provinces such as Laguna. However, other than reducing growing traffic congestion due to the rising number of motor vehicles in Metro Manila, PNR also aims to link key cities within the Philippines efficiently and to serve as an instrument in national socio-economic development. **RAPID TRANSIT LRTA SYSTEM** The Manila Light Rail Transit Authority System is the main metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area of the Philippines. There are two lines to the system: LRT-1, dubbed the Green Line (formerly Yellow Line), and MRT-2, dubbed the Blue Line (formerly Purple Line). Although the LRT-1 is referred to as a \"light rail\" system, arguably because the network is mostly elevated, the system is more akin to a rapid transit (metro) system in European-North American terms. The Manila LRTA system is the first metro system in Southeast Asia, built earlier than the Singapore MRT by three years. Quick and inexpensive to ride, the system serves 605,000 passengers each day. Every day around 430,000 passengers board the Yellow Line, and 175,000 ride the Purple Line. Its 31 stations along over 31 kilometers (19 mi) of mostly elevated track form two lines. All of the stations of the LRT- 1 and MRT-2 are elevated, except for the Katipunan Station (which is underground). They follow one of two different layouts. Most LRT-1 stations are composed of only one level, accessible from the street below by stairway, containing the station\'s concourse and platform areas separated by fare gates. **MRTC SYSTEM** The Manila Metro Rail Transit Corporation System has a single line, MRT- 3 or dubbed as the Yellow Line (formerly Blue Line). Although it has characteristics of light rail, such as the type of rolling stock used, it is more akin to a rapid transit system. It is not related to the Manila Light Rail Transit Authority System, a separate but linked system. One of its original purposes was to decongest Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), one of Metro Manila\'s main thoroughfares and home to the MRT- 3, and many commuters who ride the system also take road-based public transport, such as buses, to reach the intended destination from a station. The system has been only partially successful in decongesting EDSA, and congestion is further aggravated by the rising number of motor vehicles. **AGT SYSTEM** The automated guideway transit system in UP Diliman will be the first of its kind to be built in the Philippines. It will serve as test track for the first mass transit system to be built and developed in the country by local engineers. **Tricycle -** Another popular means of transport in the country, tricycles are used as a public utility vehicle either plying a set route or for- hire. It resembles the auto rickshaws of India and the tuk- tuks of Thailand and other Asian countries. **KALESA-** Kalesa is the oldest mode of transport that still exists today. It was introduced to the islands of the Philippines in the 18th century by Spanish colonizers and was initially reserved for noble and high-ranking officials. Presently, Kalesas are used in some streets especially in the tourist areas of old cities and some rural areas. **BANCAS/FERRY BOAT** - Bangkas and ferry boats are prevalent around the Philippines, but especially vital in the Visayas, where nearly every city has some kind of water transport service. Big ferry boats ply the long and heavily used routes, while bankas serve the smaller, shorter passages. The cheapest inter-island travel is via ferryboats or pumpboats. Ferryboats are larger passenger vessels, able to carry even vehicles and huge cargo, while pumpboats are best for island hopping. There are also hovercrafts servicing neighboring islands. **PEDICAB -** Instead of a motorcycle, pedicab uses a bicycle with a passenger cab attached to the side. It is known as a cycle rickshaw in other countries designed to carry passengers on a hire basis. In the Philippines, they are mainly used to ferry passengers along smaller, residential streets or often to or from jeepneys or other public utility vehicles. **HABAL-HABAL** - Known as motorcycle taxis in other parts of the world, the habal-habal has extended seats, often sideways but a T-shaped crossbeam. It also colloquially referred to as \"skylabs\".. It is a common mode of transportation in the mountainous or remote areas of the Philippines. **RAIL CARTS** - Another unique mode of transportation in the Philippines, the rail carts are common in places which has a railway. The operators of rail cart just simply pull it to send its passengers to their destination. It provides a faster transportation for the people who live near the railways. When a train approaches, passengers simply get off and the rail cart is lifted out of the tracks. **CARABAO** - an agricultural society where the Philippines was born out, the carabao holds a special place in the lives of rural farming communities and even considered as the National Animal of the Philippines. Aside from providing necessary labor for farmers, carabaos are also used as a mode of transportation. It can pull a karatela with 6 or more people which make it convenient as a form of transportation. **MOTORELA** - A three-wheeled vehicle, it is a smaller version of a jeepney and is a common mode of transport in small towns and cities. Motorela originated in Cagayan de Oro City and was invented by Raphael Floirendo in 1964. Its carriage has two rows that face each other and can take up eight passengers. (Motorela is taken from the words \"motorized\" and \"caretella\".) **BUSES** - Buses ply longer routes to rural and suburban destinations from major cities. Some of them are hired as transport exclusive to tourists. Public buses congregate at designated terminals and pick up or drop off passengers at specific stop points. **WOODEN SCOOTER (PALAYON)** - Palayon or wooden scooter is a famous mode of transport in Banaue. It may not technically be for public use, but it\'s an interesting ride nonetheless. **HAND TRACTOR RIDE (KULIGLIG) -** In rural areas and certain urban areas, hand tractors or kuliglig (vehicles) are used to haul two- wheel trailers that carry passengers. Aside from public transport, they actually have various uses: irrigation (tractor connected to water pump), grinder (tractor connected to grindstone), and festival float. **AIRPLANES-** Major cities and tourist destinations in the Philippines have airports making it possible for quick trips via airplanes. The country currently has more than 10 international airports and several domestic and community airports. **TAXIS-** Taxis usually operate within the city, but may reach outlying areas within the province for an extra charge. Taxis charge an initial plug down plus incremental charge. **TRAINS-** There are trains in the country, but they only service Met ro Manila - they are the Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Manila Metro Rail Transit (MRT). The Philippine National Railways (PNR) is no longer in service. **VANS-** Vans for Hire or V-Hires service provincial routes where other modes of transportations are scarce or unavailable. They usually have terminals or park within shopping malls for added convenience.