TOU 040 Reviewer.docx

TOU 040 (REVIEWER) Best of luck! (DON'T BRING THIS ON EXAM. THIS IS JUST YOUR REVIEWER.) COVERAGE OF EXAM: 1-5 QUIZ AFTER EXAM 5-8 Tourism - deals with attractions, activities, transportation, and events. Hospitality - is a component of the tourism industry, as it provides services and amenitie...

TOU 040 (REVIEWER) Best of luck! (DON'T BRING THIS ON EXAM. THIS IS JUST YOUR REVIEWER.) COVERAGE OF EXAM: 1-5 QUIZ AFTER EXAM 5-8 Tourism - deals with attractions, activities, transportation, and events. Hospitality - is a component of the tourism industry, as it provides services and amenities to tourists. According to Professors Hunziker and Krapf of Bern University, Switzerland: TOURISM is the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far they DO NOT lead towards permanent residence and ARE NOT CONNECTED to any EARNING activity. The definition of the Tourism Society in **[Britain]** was: TOURISM is the temporary short term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these destination. TOURISTS- Are temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours Travel purpose could be classified as: Leisure, Recreation, Sports, and events. According to Goeldner and Ritchie: Tourism is the process, activities, outcomes arising from **[relationships]** and **[interactions]** among tourists, tourist suppliers, host governments, host community, and surrounding environment that are involve in attracting and hosting visitors. **Tourists**- Are the main target in Tourism. Tourist Suppliers- Are the one that supplies accommodation, transportation, food, etc. Host Government: Giving you a permit Host Community: People in the community. They are the native people. Distance - A trip is defined as "each time a person goes to a place at least 100 miles from home and returns." It excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence. MICE- stands for Meeting Incentives Conference and Events. Residence of Traveler - Travel should be outside the place of residence and work. For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live. Travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler's country is Domestic Tourism.  While movement of people across international boundaries is International Tourism. A Package Tour is also called an all-inclusive tour where transportation and accommodation is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price. Independent Tour is a tour that does not include a guide or a host or a set routine of daily activities. A tourist product is a service. We sell SERVICE. Tourism is people oriented. Its main concern is people. Tourism is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. The tourism industry is seasonal. The industry is dynamic. Contribution to the balance of payments- Tourism and hospitality can help in the contribution of balance of payments and deficits of many countries by earning the needed foreign currency in international trade. Dispersion of development- International tourism and hospitality helps spread the wealth among countries. Effect on general economic development- All spending by tourists can have positive effects on all economic sectors that will lead to the development of different industries and other economic benefits. Employment opportunities- Tourism and hospitality is a major source of employment. Social benefits- When tourists and residents meet because of tourism, there is social exchange. Cultural enrichment- Tourism and hospitality brings about sharing and appreciation of cultures. Educational significance - Tourism and hospitality enriches one's education through international conferences, seminars and educational trips. A vital force for peace - A well-developed tourism and hospitality can help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people of different races, colors, religions and stages of social and economic development. **Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word "torah" which means studying, learning or searching.** Noah's Ark must have been the first large-scale operator even though his passengers were mostly animals. There have been also a lot of references to traders and caravans in the Old Testament. Early tourism comes in two forms: travel for business (trading) and religious travel. The Sumerians facilitated travel and exchange of goods with their invention of money, writing and the wheel. The Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as traders as well. And since the Greeks and Romans were popular traders, as their empires increased their need for travel increased. There were also travel for private purposes such as **Olympic Games** held in 776 BC by the Greeks. RICH ROMANS Travelled for enjoyment and to visit friends and family. They also employed relays of horses where in between distances of six miles were stables where horses could be changed. The Pilgrimages- This is a places to worship. Tourism in the medieval period- It is the travel declined in medieval period and since the roads were not maintained, they become unsafe. Tourism during the renaissance and Elizabethan eras- It is the famous universities developed. Under Elizabeth I, young me wanting a position in court to widen their education. Spas- Meaning fountain. This is where the sicks go. It is a medical baths. Tourism during the industrial revolution- IT is a major changes for tourism development. Modern Tourism- It had a major effect on growth of tourism. Develop railways and steam power. Providing cheap transportation. Baedecker- A book published on 1839 and become the leading guide for 1839. Tourism in the 20^th^ century -- travel for pleasure continued to expand because of the increasing wealth. Medieval Period- It is the time that the Roman catholic church took over the job of feeding and housing travelers. Early modern period- It was on the 16^th^ century. These were taverns served a fixed price for a fixed menu. Boulanger- Recognized as the first to create the restaurant. Colorum- They are the illegal tour handling. They rented their vehicles directly to the tourists. DOT- stands for Department of Tourism. Rising disposable income- Basically, more money means more travel. This would be led to families earning more than what they need. Growth in the number of retired persons- This is shown in the increasing number of seniors who have time and money to spend on travel. Increase in discretionary time- Lesser number of working days. Greater mobility of population- people are getting used to trave;ling because of the increase in travel opportunities. Growth in the number of "SINGLES" -- people living alone more free time that couples. Greater credit availability- "travel now pay later" Higher educational levels- Millions of students attending universities. The growth city- Brought about the migration pf people from the rural areas. Economic Impact- Travelers outside the destination area spend goods and services within the destination. Direct and Secondary Effects- Measure the economic impact of Tourism and Hospitality on the destination area. Tourism Multiplier- The **tourism multiplier or multiplier** effect used to estimate the direct and secondary effects of Tourists expenditures. Import substitution- Quotas or tariffs on the importation of goods. Incentives- Wise use that can encourage the influx of capital, both local and foreign. Foreign Exchange- Many countries have placed restrictions on spending in order to maximaze foregin exchange.