Philippine National Railways Transportation System PDF

# CE 412A: Principles Of Transportation Engineering ## Topic No. 2 (Continuation) - II. Transportation System as a System and Philippine Transportation as a System (Railways) ## Philippine National Railways - In 1902, the Philippine Commission passed legislation authorizing the 792.5 km. expansi...

# CE 412A: Principles Of Transportation Engineering ## Topic No. 2 (Continuation) - II. Transportation System as a System and Philippine Transportation as a System (Railways) ## Philippine National Railways - In 1902, the Philippine Commission passed legislation authorizing the 792.5 km. expansion to the south, later known as the South Main Line. - The revitalized railway extended to many provinces up until Legazpi, Albay. - In 1909, the company was renamed as Manila Railroad Company of New Jersey. - By the end of World War II, only 452 km. were operational. ## Philippine National Railways - The 1973 and 1975 floods disrupted operations of the PNR. - In 1979, it was designated as an attached agency of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. ## Philippine National Railways - In 1988, much of the north main line was closed. - The 1993 eruption of Mayon Volcano forced the south main line to close, due to destruction of rail lines and facilities. ## Philippine National Railways This section lists commuter stations of the PNR, those in *italics* are either under construction, not yet operational, or closed. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. New Clark City, Pampanga | 17. 5 Ave | 34. Alabang | | 2. Clark A | 18. Solis, Manila | 35. Muntinlupa | | 3. Clark | 19. Tutuban | 36. San Pedro, Laguna | | 4. Angeles | 20. Blumentritt | 37. Pacita | | 5. Caloocan | 21. Laong Laan | 38. Santa Rosa | | 6. Apalit | 22. España | 39. Biñan | | 7. Calumpit, Bulacan | 23. Santa Mesa | 40. Cabuyao | | 8. San Fermando | 24. Pandacan | 41. Gulod | | 9. Malolos | 25. Paco | 42. Mamatid | | 10. Guiguinto | 26. San Andres | 43. Calamba | | 11. Balagtas | 27. Buendia, Makati | | | 12. Bocaue | 28. Pasay Road | | | 13. Meycauayan | 29. EDSA | | | 14. Valenzuela | 30. Nichols, Taguig | | | 15. Gov. Pascual, Malabon | 31. FTI | | | 16. 10 Ave. | 32. Bicutan | | | | 33. Sucat | | ## Philippine National Railways ### Rapid Transit - Currently, there are two metropolitan rail systems serving the Metro Manila area: - Manila Light Rail Transit System (MLRTS) - or LRT, consists of two lines: - LRT Line 1 (Green (new)/formerly Yellow Line) - LRT Line 2 (Blue (new)/formerly Purple Line) - Manila Metro Rail Transit System (MMRTS), or MRT: - MRT Line 3 (Yellow (new)/formerly Blue Line) ## Philippine National Railways ### LRT Line 1 - LRT Line 1, also known as Metrorail runs on 19.65 km.-rail and has 20 stations. - Opened in December 1, 1984. - Stations: | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. North Avenue | 12 . Central Terminal | 18. Vito Cruz | | 2. Roosevelt | 13. United Nations | 19. Gil Puyat | | 3. Balintawak | 14. Pedro G | 20. Libertad | | 4. Monumento | 15. Quirino | | | 5. 5th Avenue | 16. EDSA | | | 6. R- Papa | 17. Gil Puyat | | | 7. Abad Santos | | | | 8. Blumentritt | | | | 9. Tayuman | | | | 10. Bambang | | | | 11. Doroteo Jose | | | | | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### LRT Line 2 - LRT Line 2, also known as Megatren runs on 16.75 km.-rail and has 11 stations. - Opened in April 5, 2003. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. Pier 4 | 7. Betty Go-Belmonte | 10. Katipunan | | 2. Recto | 8. Araneta Center-Cubao | 11. Santolan | | 3. Tutuban | 9. Anonas | | | 4. Legarda | | | | 5. Pureza | | | | 6. V. Mapa | | | | | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### MRT Line 3 - MRT Line 3, also known as Metrostar Express, runs on 16.90 km.-rail and has 13 stations. - Opened in December 15, 1999. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. North Avenue | 8. Boni | 12. Magallanes | | 2. Quezon Avenue | 9. Guadalupe | 13. Taft Avenue | | 3. Kamuning | 10. Buendia | | | 4. Araneta Center-Cubao | 11. Ayala | | | 5. Santolan | | | | 6. Ortigas | | | | 7. Shaw Blvd | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### Manila-Taytay Line - Manila-Taytay Line (Line 4) is a planned 18.4 km.-rapid transit rail which will run from V. Mapa St (Line 2) in Manila until SM City Taytay. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. Magsaysay | 7. Lourdes | 11. Bonifacio Ave. | | 2. Dupil | 8. Julia Vargas | 12. L. Wood | | 3. Kalentong | 9. Meralco | 13. Taytay | | 4. Acacia Line | 10. Pasig | | | 5. Wack-Wack | | | | 6. EDSA Line | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### Makati Intra-city Subway - Makati Intra-city Subway (Line 5) is an under construction, 11 km.-underground rapid transit line which will serve Makati and other establishments. - Set to finish in 2025. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. EDSA-Taft | 6. Rockwell | 9. Kalayaan | | 2. Ayala Triangle | 7. Guadalupe (Line 5) | 10. Sampaguita | | 3. Buendia | 8. University of Makati | | | 4. Circuit | | | | 5. Makati City Hall | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### LRT Line 6 - LRT Line 6 is a planned 19 km.-rapid transit rail which will run from the LRT Line 1 south extension in Bacoor to Dasmariñas, Cavite. It is currently cancelled, due to right-of-way issues in Aguinaldo Highway. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. Niog | 5. Salitran | 7. Governor's Drive | | 2. Tirona | 6. Congressional | | | 3. Imus | | | | 4. Daang Hari | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### MRT-7 - MRT-7 (Line 7), is an under construction, 22.8 km.-rapid transit line which will serve Quezon City and Bulacan. - Set to finish in 2021. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. Grand Central | 9. Regalado | 13. Tala | | 2. Quezon Memorial | 10. Mindanao Ave | 14. San Jose del Monte | | 3. University Ave | 11. Quirino | | | 4. Tandang Sora | 12. Sacred Heart | | | 5. Batasan | | | | 6. Manggahan | | | | 7. Doña Carmen | | | | 8. | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### PNR East-West Rail - PNR East-West Rail (Line 8) is a planned 9.4 km.-rapid transit line which will serve Manila and Quezon City. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. University Avenue | 6. G. Araneta | 9. Antipolo | | 2. Quezon Memorial | 7. Banawe | 10. UST | | 3. EDSA | 8. Welcome Rotonda | 11. Lerma | | 4. Don Antonio | | | | 5. A. Roces | | | ## Philippine National Railways ### Metro Manila Subway - Metro Manila Subway (Line 9), or Mega Manila Subway, is an under construction 36 km.-underground rapid transit line which will serve Quezon City and Pasay. - Set to finish in 2022 and 2025. | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. Quirino Highway | 8. Ortigas North | 13. Lawton West | | 2. Tandang Sora | 9. Ortigas South | 14. FTI | | 3. North Ave | 10. Kalayaan | 15. NAIA 3 | | 4. Quezon Ave | 11. BGC | | | 5. East Ave | 12. Lawton East | | | 6. Anonas | | | | 7. Katipunan | | | ## Philippine Nautical Highway - The Philippine Nautical Highway System, also known as Road Roll-on/Roll-off Terminal System (RRTS) or RoRo, is an integrated network of highway and vehicular ferry routes. - RoRo is a system of roads and ports developed to connect the major islands of the Philippines. - On April 12, 2003, the 919-km. nautical highway was opened to the public as the Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH). ## Philippine Nautical Highway - This image shows a map of the Nautical Highway System. - The map displays highways that are improved, on-going, proposed, and imposed projects. ## Philippine Nautical Highway - This image shows a map of the Nautical Highway System. - The map displays highways that are improved, on-going, proposed, and imposed projects. ## Air Transportation - The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) regulates airport and aviation operations in the Philippines. - There are 85 airports owned by the national government and are placed into one of the 3 main categories: - International Airports - Principal Airports - Community airports ## Air Transportation - ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is responsible for providing a system of four-letter codes designating aerodromes around the world. - IATA (International Air Transport Association) is responsible for providing a system of three-letter codes designating airports and commercial airlines around the world. ## Air Transportation ### International Airports - International airports are capable of handling international flights and have border control facilities. - There are currently 11 airports in this category. ## Air Transportation ### International Airports - International airports are capable of handling international flights and have border control facilities. - There are currently 11 airports in this category. ## Air Transportation ### International Airports | Name | ICAO | IATA | Location | |---|---|---|---| | Clark International Airport (1996) | RPLC | CRK | Mabalacat, Pampanga | | Mactan-Cebu International Airport (1956) | RPVM | CEB | Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu | | Francisco Bangoy International Airport (1940) | RPMD | DVO | Davao City | | General Santos International Airport (1996) | RPMR | GES | General Santos City | | Iloilo International Airport (1982) | RPVI | ILO | Iloilo | | Kalibo International Airport (2008) | RPVK | KLO | Kalibo, Aklan | | Laoag International Airport (1941) | RPLI | LAO | Laoag, Ilocos Norte | | Ninoy Aquino International Airport (1948) | RPLL | MNL | Pasay | | Bohol-Panglao International Airport (2018) | RPSP | TAG | Panglao, Bohol | | Puerto Princesa International Airport (1942) | RPVP | PPS | Puerto Princesa, Palawan | | Subic Bay International Airport (1952) | RPLB | SFS | Morong, Bataan | | Zamboanga International Airport (1946) | RPMZ | ZAM | Zamboanga City | ## Air Transportation ### Principal Airports - Principal airports do not have border control facilities. - They serve domestic destinations only. - There are two categories: - Class 1 is capable of serving jet aircrafts with a capacity of at least 100 seats (13 airports). - Class 2 is capable of serving propeller aircrafts with a capacity of at least 19 seats (19 airports). ## Air Transportation ### Principal-Class 1 Airports | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. Bacolod-Silay Airport (RPVB/BCD) | 7. Legazpi Airport (RPLP/LGP) | 12. Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport (RPVA/TAC) | | 2. Bancasi Airport (RPME/BXU) | 8. Naga Airport (RPUN/WNP) | 13. Tuguegarao Airport (RPUT/TUG) | | 3. Cotabato Airport (RPMC/CBO) | 9. Pagadian Airport (RPMP/PAG) | | | 4. Dipolog Airport (RPMG/DPL) | 10. Roxas Airport (RPVR/RXS) | | | 5. Sibulan Airport (RPVD/DGT) | 11. San Jose Airport (RPUH/SJI) | | | 6. Laguindingan Airport (RPMY/CGY) | | | ## Air Transportation ### Principal-Class 2 Airports | | | | |---|---|---| | 1. Evelio Javier Airport (RPVS/EUQ) | 8. Godofredo P. Ramos Airport (RPVE/MPH) | 15. Surigao Airport (RPMS/SUG) | | 2. Loakan Airport (RPUB/BAG) | 9. Cuyo Airport (RPLO/CYU) | 16. Tugdan Airport (RPVU/TBH) | | 3. Basco Airport (RPUO/BSO) | 10. Jolo Airport (RPMJ/JOL) | 17. Tandag Airport (RPMW/TDG) | | 4. Francisco B. Reyes Airport (RPVV/USU) | 11. Marinduque Airport (RPUW/MRQ) | | | 5. Calbayog Airport (RPVC/CYP) | 12. Moises R. Espinosa Airport (RPVJ/MBT) | 18. Sanga-Sanga Airport (RPMN/TWT) | 6. Camiguin Airport (RPMH/CGM) | 13. Ormoc Airport (RPVO/OMC) | 19. Virac Airport (RPUV/VRC) | | 7. Catarman National Airport (RPVF/CRM) | 14. Sayak Airport (RPNS/IAO) | | | | | ## Air Transportation ### Community Airports - Community airports are used primarily for general aviation, such as private transport, recreational flying, or as flying school for aviation pilots. - There are 41 airports in this category. - Cauayan and Ozamiz Airports are community airports that also receive domestic commercial air services on a scheduled basis. ## Air Transportation ### Transportation Management - This section lists different transportation agencies in the Philippines. #### Road Agencies - Land Transportation Office (1964) - Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (1907) - Toll Regulatory Board (1977) #### Rail Agencies - Philippine National Railways (1892) - Light Rail Transit Authority (1980) - Metro Rail Transit Corporation (1995) #### Air Agencies - Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (1952) - Civil Aeronautics Board (1932) - Manila International Airport Authority (1962) - Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority (1956) #### Sea Agencies - Maritime Industry Authority (1974) - Philippine Coast Guard (1967) - Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (1820) - Philippine Ports Authority (1975) - Cebu Ports Authority (1992) #### Miscellaneous Agencies - Office for Transportation Security (2004) - Office of Transportation Cooperatives (1983) #### Other Government Agencies - Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority - Metro Manila Development Authority - Philippine National Police Traffic Management Group - PNP Highway Patrol Group - FAB Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan - BCDA Bases Conversion and Development Authority - Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission #### Other Agencies/Organizations - National Center for Transportation Studies - Philippine Railway Institute (under development) - Transportation Science Society of the Philippines - Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies - Philippine Railway Engineers' Association ## Air Transportation - This section presents images of heavy traffic in the Philippines. - In a 2015 Global Satisfaction Survey conducted by Waze, Metro Manila is dubbed the "worst traffic in Southeast Asia". - In 2018, Japan International Cooperation Agency reported that the Philippines loses Php 3.5 billion a day due to traffic. This could blow up to Php 5.4 billion a day by 2035. - On average, Metro Manila drivers spend 66 minutes traveling in slow traffic and 24 minutes finding parking. This is tantamount to drivers' personal losses amounting to Php 100,000 every year. In comparison, Singaporean drivers spend only 30 minutes in traffic. - During rush hour, traffic volume increases by up to 175%, making travel time 2.53 hours. This is 2.3 times longer than normal travel times. ## Air Transportation - This section presents images of the MRT and its passengers. - In 2018, MRT-3 reported a total ridership of 263,000 per day, with an average of 8-9 trains moving. - What needs to be done? ## Air Transportation ### What Needs to Be Done? 1. Imposing proper incentives - increasing fuel taxes and reducing toll fees in provincial linkages. 2. Modernize public transport - construction of subways, reduce relative benefits of private vehicles, and increase the relative costs of private vehicles. 3. Implement congestion pricing - make vehicle private ownership difficult, or impose road taxes. 4. Prioritization of high-occupancy vehicles (HOVs) in major thoroughfares, such as EDSA's leftmost lanes. Single-occupancy vehicles may enter these roads except leftmost lanes. 5. Patronizing carpooling and grab-sharing. 6. Prohibition of provincial buses coming from the north and south from traversing EDSA, by creating terminating points. 7. Revival of the odd-even scheme. 8. Aside from the prohibition of provincial buses, promote city buses to increase public transport. 9. Building a subway system. 10. Relocate government agencies outside the capital. ## Air Transportation ### What Needs to Be Done? 1. Declare Metro Manila a no-parking zone. 2. Aside from the HOV scheme, we can reserve EDSA for inner lanes and create a BRT station. 3. Improvement of the public transportation system. ## Air Transportation ### What Needs to Be Done? - Prepare for a Long Quiz!