Topic 3: Social Psychology - Social Experience & Conformity PDF

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Social Experience and Conformity Lesson 3  1. Explore factors that attracts us to our friends and the theories behind it 2. Discuss what is conformity and explain the factors behind it. 3. Explore t...

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Social Experience and Conformity Lesson 3  1. Explore factors that attracts us to our friends and the theories behind it 2. Discuss what is conformity and explain the factors behind it. 3. Explore the different Filipino social OBJECTIVE: expectations 4. Discuss some risky behaviors individual might possess when socializing.  Hmmmm… Nandirito kami, ang barkada mong tunay await sa iyo Sa lungkot at ligaya, hirap at ginhawa, Kami’y kasama mo… Your real friends are here to sing for your, in times of sadness and joy, Hard times and good times, We are here for you..” For Filipino/s belonging to a peer group, BARKADA is an important aspect of one’s social life.  TOPIC 1: Factors that Attracts Us to Our Friends Factors that Attracts Us to Our Friends Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na maasahan Ang taong kapag mayaman, marami ang kaibigan Ang tunay na kaibigan, nakikilala sa kagipitan All these Filipino proverbs to the fact that Filipinos without a doubt value friendships But did your wonder why your friend/s became your friend? According to western research, the factors that help initiate friendships include proximity and similarity. Factors that Attracts Us to Our Friends PROXIMITY. It is quite impossible to imagine becoming friends with someone you have never encounter. Most enduring friendship between people whose paths cross repeatedly. A number of studies established proof the effects of proximity. Theodore Newcomb (1961), found that randomly college roommates who interacted frequently were far more likely to become friends. Factors that Attracts Us to Our Friends SIMILARITY. “Show me who your friends are and I’ll show you who you are” or “it takes one to know one.” We tend to like other people who are similar to us. However, it does not mean, friends agree with everything. But most probably you share similar likes and values. What about the saying, “opposite attract?” Is there some truth to this theory complementary?, that is, the tendency to like others who are different from us? Not all the time. If you are a hard worker, would you prefer to be with someone lazy? Thus, in very important traits, the norm is that similarity is still preferred but complementary may be an exception. “Complementary may evolve as a relationship develop yet there is more empirical evidence supporting the similarity theory (Buss, 1985) THEORIES OF FRIENDSHIP Social Exchange Theory Social Exchange Theory. According to George C. Homans (1961), humans relationships, including friendships are formed by cost-benefit analysis where we want to maximize benefits and minimize cost. Benefits: emotional support, someone to be with watching movies, or assistance in doing homework Cost: Giving time to (and money) to the person.  Equity Theory Equity Theory. According to John Stacey Adams (1965), people want to achieve fairness in their relationships so they feel upset if they perceive unfairness. In short, there should be give and take.  Balance Theory Balance Theory. According to Fritz Heider (1958), he explains friendship is a relationships among three or four people. In which it is concerned with how our relationships with several others match, or balance, one another. Example: You have a friend in school that you like so much, but your family and other friends doesn’t. You will of course, feel upset about it. According to Heider, people prefer harmony and balance; therefore inconsistency somewhere, we feel bad about it. Social Penetration Theory Social Penetration Theory. According to Altman and Taylor (1973), friends go to gradual process of self-disclosure. This theory is an example of stage theory where friendships occurs in stages. As relationship develops, the friendship penetrates deeper and deeper into private and personal matter. TOPIC 2: Experience and Conformity Conformity Is a change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure. Thus, social psychologist often distinguish between compliance and obedience. COMPLIANCE is conforming publicly because of social pressure but privately disagreeing. (example: wearing the same types of clothes) OBEDIENCE is when we respond favorably to an explicit request by another person of authority (example: when your teacher ask you to work on a task) WHY Conformity? There are 2 reason why we conform: informational influence and normative influence. informational influence, to be right. People conform because they believe others knows better than them; if others are right and you follow them, you will be right also. normative influence, to be liked. We conform because we want to be accepted by others. WE want to belong. If we don’t go along with our classmates are doing, we would be left out.  Factors Predict Conformity GROUP SIZE. As the size of the group increases, conformity also increases. Unanimity. It makes a different if everyone in the group behaves in a certain way as opposed to some members of the group not conforming Cohesion. Belonging to a cohesive barkada makes it difficult not to conform to them. Difficulty or ambiguity of the task. Imagine doing an assigned task you have no knowledge of. Most probably you would ask your classmates or others for guidance. In situations of ambiguous, most people, often conforms to what others are doing. Public response. Through observing (which we can all do freely) its easy to conform. No prior commitment. balimbing vs bandwagons Culture. Filipino value like pakikisama (reason for easy conforming) SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS Pakikisama and hiya are Filipino patterns of relating or social norms that governs what is appropriate, or proper, social behavior. Pakikiramdam is the interpersonal process that allows Filipino to sense what other is feeling and know when it is appropriate to practice hiya and pakikisama. Pakikisama means to go along with or give in. As such, it is observed by going along with the group or the majority. Hiya is tied to a need to be accepted by others. One feels hiya only in an interpersonal situation or in a relationship involving others whose opinion, approval or regard is important. Pakikiramdam is feeling for another (different to pakiramdam which is feeling), an active process involving great care and deliberation in one’s action towards another. It also refers to heightened awareness and sentivity according to Enriquez (1987). RISKY BEHAVIORS  RISKY BEHAVIORS Although barkada has generally positive influence on students, it also viewed as a potential source of trouble and negative influences such as matakaw (glutton), maingay (noisy), magulo (boisterous), and other negative traits that may be a potential source of trouble. AGGRESSION behavior that is intended to harm another individual who does not wish to be harmed (Baron & Richardson, 1994). Social psychologist believe that aggression, is all about a behavior intended to harm others and that INTENTION is an important component of it. RISKY BEHAVIORS: AGGRESSION Social psychologist believe that aggression, is all about a behavior intended to harm others and that INTENTION is an important component of it. It can be CLASSIFIED INTO: 1.Hostile Aggression – usual comes from anger with goal of injuring another (also called as angry aggression). Example: murders usual committed out of anger. 2.Instrumental Aggression - also has the goal of harming but only as means to end other end. The ultimate goals is not to injure but some other goal. Example: war, terrorist, robbery. 3.Indirect Aggression – in which the identity if the aggressor is not easily identifiable. Example: destroying property 4.Relational Aggression – in which the aggressor interferes with people’s ability to relate with others, thus damaging their social relationship. Example: spreading rumors, or ignoring others. CAUSES OR EXPALANTION OF AGGRESSION 1.Aggression is biological. 2. Physical environment and aggression 3. Aggressions is a response to frustrations 4. Aggression is a learned social behavior. AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS LEAD TO… BULLYING. is aggressive physical contact, words or HAZING. A crime where the actions to cause another person injury or discomfort. victim experience physical or psychological suffering  WHAT HAPPENED WHEN WE WORK AS A GROUP? SOCIAL FACILITATION. Is known as the improvement of performance with the presence of others SOCIAL LOAFING. Tendency to exert less effort when in a group that is working towards common goal. (free riders) DEINDIVIDUATION. Losing your identify can make us act differently., thus deindividuation, is the reduced sense of identity accompanied by diminished self-regulations. THANK YOU -end of lesson 3-