Respiration Topic 19-Ch 37 PDF

Respiration Topic 19- Ch 37 1 Mader: Biology 8th Ed. Outline Gas exchange surface Human respiratory system Ventilation Gas exchange and transport Respiration and health Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 2  Gas Exchange Surfaces...

Respiration Topic 19- Ch 37 1 Mader: Biology 8th Ed. Outline Gas exchange surface Human respiratory system Ventilation Gas exchange and transport Respiration and health Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 2  Gas Exchange Surfaces Respiration is the sequence of events that results in gas exchange between the body’s cells and the environment. – Ventilation – External Respiration – Internal Respiration Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 3  Human Respiratory System As air moves through the nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi to the lungs, it is filtered so it is free of debris, warmed, and humidified. – By the time air reaches the lungs, it is at body temperature and is saturated with water. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 4 Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 5  Ventilation Humans breathe using a tidal mechanism. – Volume of thoracic cavity and lungs is increased by muscle contractions that lower the diaphragm and raise the ribs. Create negative pressure in the thoracic cavity and lungs, and then air flows into the lungs during inspiration. – Increased hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood are the primary stimuli that increase breathing rate. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 6 Inspiration versus Expiration Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 7  Gas Exchange and Transport Most oxygen entering the pulmonary capillaries from the alveoli combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhemoglobin. – Some carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin. Most of carbon dioxide is transported in the form of bicarbonate ion. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 8  Respiration and Health Upper Respiratory Tract Infections – Strep Throat Streptococcus pyogenes – Sinusitis Infection of sinuses. – Tonsillitis Infection of tonsils. – Laryngitis Infection of larynx. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 9 Common Bronchial and Pulmonary Diseases Mader: Biology 8th Ed. 10 Common Bronchial and Pulmonary Diseases Lung Cancer Begins with thickening and thickening of the cells lining the airways. 11