Introduction to Health and Society Autumn 2024 PDF

Dr. Tasnuva Faruk MBBS, MPH, DMU Senior Lecturer, DPH, SPPH, IUB Contact: [email protected] 1  By the end of this presentation, participants will be able to:  Define health, components of health and brief review of wel...

Dr. Tasnuva Faruk MBBS, MPH, DMU Senior Lecturer, DPH, SPPH, IUB Contact: [email protected] 1  By the end of this presentation, participants will be able to:  Define health, components of health and brief review of wellbeing.  Discuss about disease, illness and sickness  Define society and culture  Connect links between society and health. 2 3  Definition  Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity. (World Health Organization, 1948)  Determinants of health According to WHO, the determinants of health include:  The social and economic environment  The physical environment  The person’s individual characteristics and behaviors 4 5  Socioeconomic Environment Social impacts on health are determined by complex relationships between economic systems and social structures. These systems and structures impact the distribution of resources, money and power in a community and around the world.  Physical Environment The physical environment includes land, air, water, plants and animals, buildings and other infrastructure, and all of the natural resources that provide our basic needs and opportunities for social and economic development.  Individual Characteristics and Behaviors Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages. Genetics, inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behavior and coping skills, i.e. balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health. 6 Components of health 7  Physical health - The state of being free from illness or injury. It is vital for overall well-being. Social health – The ability of a person to interact, and form appropriate relationships with other individuals. Environmental health - Addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviors. Mental health - Involves cognitive thinking and harnessing one’s attention to stay focused, which includes processing information, storing it in memory, and understanding this new information. Emotional health -The state of positive psychological functioning and involves expressing one’s emotions appropriately for one’s age. 8 Mental Health Vs Emotional Health 9  Wellbeing is the state of being happy, healthy, or prosperous.  Wellness is the active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life.  Wellness is always a matter of choice.  How health is different from wellness? Health Wellness Absence of physical/ mental disease Living a healthy lifestyle Measured at a point of time (active/ Measured at a period of time inactive) (active) Health products aim to wipe out Wellness products aim to nourish diseases from the body. the body 10 Health Vs. Wellness 11 12  Disease is a health problem that consists of a physiological malfunction that results in an actual or potential reduction in physical capacities and/or a reduced life expectancy.  Illness is a subjectively interpreted undesirable state of health. It consists of subjective feeling states (e.g., pain, weakness), perceptions of the adequacy of their bodily functioning, and/or feelings of competence.  Sickness is a social identity. It is the poor health or the health problem(s) of an individual defined by others with reference to the social activity of that individual. (Twaddle, 1994) 13 Illness Sickness Reflects personal perspectives Reflects social perspectives Deals with behavioral phenomena Disease Reflects professional perspectives Deals with biological phenomena 14  Natural history of disease  Natural history of disease refers to the progress of a disease process in an individual over time, in the absence of intervention. Recovery Exposure Host Disease Disability Death Try to correlate with COVID-19 15  According to WHO, Disability is not merely a health problem, rather a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives.  Disability as an umbrella term, covers impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.  Impairment- problem in body function or structure  Activity limitation- difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action  Participation restriction- problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations  People with disabilities have the same health needs as non- disabled people  Immunization,  Cancer screening etc.  People with disabilities face barriers in accessing the health and rehabilitation services they need in many settings.  They also may experience a narrower margin of health, both because of poverty and social exclusion, and also because of being vulnerable to secondary conditions, such as pressure sores or urinary tract infections.  Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires interventions to remove environmental and social barriers. Disability (cont.) 18  Definition  Society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.  Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Culture and society are intricately related. A culture consists of the “objects” of a society, whereas a society consists of the people who share a common culture. 19 Wellness is always a matter of choice. 20