TMT1003 Problem Solving Tools PDF

TMS/N/T 1003 SYSTEMATIC INNOVATION AND INNOVATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING Engineering Contradictions TRIZ Tool : Engineering Contradiction Content What is Engineering Contradiction? What are System Parameters? What are Inventive Principles? How to use Contradiction Matrix? Exercise...

TMS/N/T 1003 SYSTEMATIC INNOVATION AND INNOVATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING Engineering Contradictions TRIZ Tool : Engineering Contradiction Content What is Engineering Contradiction? What are System Parameters? What are Inventive Principles? How to use Contradiction Matrix? Exercise Inventive Principle Case Study  What is a Contradiction? An improvement in one characteristic of a system results in the degradation of another characteristic “As one characteristic gets better another characteristic gets worse” If I make the lift larger, If I increase the power of the car, then it is better to carry more loads, then the speed will be improved, but it adds more weight but the fuel consumption will go up If I add heat, then productivity goes up, but it consumes more energy If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the table can carry a heavier load, but the table becomes heavier If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the strength of the table improves, but the weight of the table gets worse Traditionally the problem is addressed by compromise, sacrifice or trade-off  What is an Engineering Contradiction? An Engineering Contradiction is a situation in which an attempt to improve one parameter of a system leads to the worsening (impairment) of another parameter It can be reflected in a positive and negative interaction between two or more components Action 1 Subject Action 3 Object Action 4 Action 2 Action 5 Component  Radiation intensity is High IF Tumor Shrinks IMPROVING THEN PARAMETER 39 INVENTIVE 18, 22, 35, PRINCIPLES 39 Surrounding tissue is damaged WORSENING BUT PARAMETER 31 PRINCIPLE EXPLANATION 18 Mechanical May result in a new invention Vibration 35 Parameter Change 39 Isolate the parts where the tissue were affected by the radiation EC 3: Contradiction Matrix  Contradiction Matrix The Inventive Principles are simple ways to resolve Engineering Contradictions – the application of the principles does not require any special knowledge. Adults as well as children can use them easily There are two methods to apply the Inventive Principles Method 1 Method 2 Utilize the Contradiction Matrix in order to get a set of Familiarize with all 40 Inventive recommended Inventive Principles to solve the Engineering Principles and apply each or a Contradiction. If no good solution, look at remaining 40 Inventive Principles combination to solve the Engineering Contradiction The Contradiction Matrix was designed to formalize and facilitate the usage of the Inventive Principles – it was one of the first outcomes of the work of Altshuller and his colleagues He abstracted and classified the Inventive Principles and also identified System Parameters that can describe all the different solved contradictions The System Parameters laid out in 39 x 39 matrix where the x-axis is the parameter that worsens, while the y-axis is the parameter that improves in the contradiction  Contradiction Matrix 39 Worsening Parameters 39 Improving Parameters Using guides in : https://product.design.umn.edu/courses/pdes2701/documents/TRIZ_Packet.pdf Engineering Contradiction vs Physical Contraction Axe Chunk of Wood Tool Object EC: IF Axe is Heavy Contradiction THEN it has Splitting power BUT becomes a Clumsy Tool PC: Hammer as to be Heavy for Splitting ease AND Hammer has to be light for guiding ease  Ideal Final Result Axe Chunk of Wood Tool Object IF Heavy Axe Contradiction THEN Splitting power: (21) BUT Clumsy Tool (33) Resources 35: Parameter Change: Air in the handle Axe should be light for handling Ideal Final Result Fiskars market an axe with hollow handle But heavy for splitting Centre of gravity moves near the blade Physical Contradictions  Physical Contradictions Product should be strong(thick) and light(thin) Software options few: for ease but many options for effective Coffee should be hot for enjoyable drinking but cold for not burning Airbag should deploy quickly to save life but slowly to minimise harm to small or off- position erson Example of Physical Contradictions Platform needs to be HIGH so that the diver has TIME to complete the difficult routine AND platform needs to be LOW so that it will NOT HURT the diver when entering into the water Example of Contradictions Aeroplane engine need to be LARGE to provide MORE POWER AND need to be SMALL so that it does NOT HIT the runaway upon landing  There are 3 main approaches used to resolve Physical Contradictions. Separation is the most widely used approach. We will only cover separation in this class. We will look at 4 types of separation methods. Separation Examples Time Ink has to flow while Pen writes Ink has to stop while Pen not writes Relation Tip of Pen allows free flow for smooth Tip has to be constrained to stop blotting writing Space Amount of ink big in storage area Amount of ink small at point of writing System Bicycle chain has to be rigid (macro Chain has to be flexible (micro level) level) 1, 2, 3, 7, 4, 17 15, 34, 10, 9, 11 25, 6, 13 1, 5, 33, 12 40, 31, 32,3,19 36, 37, 28, 32, 38, 39  Separation in 1 15 2 34 3 10 9, 4 11 17 40 1, 31 5 32 3 33 19 12  SUMMARY CONTRADICTION APPROACH TYPE PRINCIPLES Time 9 – Preliminary Counteraction 10 - Preliminary Action 11 - Beforehand Cushioning 15 – Dynamics 34 – Discarding & Recovering Relation 3 – Local Quality 19 – Periodic Action 31 – Porous Materials 32 – Color Changes 40 – Composite Materials Separation by Space 1 – Segmentation 2 – Taking Out 3 – Local Quality 4 – Asymmetry Physical Contradiction 17 – Another Dimension Systems 1 - Segmentation 5 – Merging 12 – Equipotentiality 33 – Homogeneity 28 – Mechanical Substitution 32 – Color Changes 36 – Phase Transition Satisfaction 37 – Thermal Expansion 38 – Strong Oxidants 39 – Inert Environment 6 – Universality ByPass 13 – Inversion 25 – Self Service Example: Umbrella Umbrella Has to be LARGE to Avoid getting Wet AND Umbrella has to be SMALL to avoid wind breakup Source: N.Khomenko, 2010 Separation in Space: Another Dimension Source; (Khomenko, 2010)  Pile Driving Tip Tip Shape is Shape is Sharp Blunt Support Driving is Poor Speed is Slow Contradiction In order to drive fast, the pile must be sharp. In order to support heavy loads, the pile must be blunt Source: Power Tools for TRIZ, http://www.opensourcetriz.com/  Separation in Space Completely Separate Touching Carrier Non-Uniform Nesting Composite or Mixture Copy Real McCoy Red & Green Round inside Square Source: Power Tools for TRIZ, http://www.opensourcetriz.com/  Separation by Direction, (Path or Plane) Allowed to turn while Constrained driving while supporting Green Flexible View Square Round View View Red View Source: Power Tools for TRIZ, http://www.opensourcetriz.com/  Separation by Scale or Between the Parts and the Whole Thin Thick Blunt & Sharp Blunt & Sharp Massive and Light Table Square & Round Counter Object Sand Paper: Weight Heavy & Light Object Smooth Object made Inflexible Particles on a Chain is Flexible from from Partially Flexible Carrier The Links are Stiff Rough Objects Source: Power Tools for TRIZ, http://www.opensourcetriz.com/  Separation in Time Shaping Cap Abradeable Material Pumped Concrete Concrete Drive Second Drive Remove Blunt Pile Sharp Sharp Pile Catches Copy Copy Lip Edge Drive of First First Pile Pile Cut & Not Cut Source: Power Tools for TRIZ, http://www.opensourcetriz.com/  Choosing the Separation Method Separation Type and occur at Separation in Time Different Time period Separation in Space Different Space or Region Separation in Relation Different Conditions (Condition) Separation by System Different parts of system E.g. Physical Contradiction Solution Contradiction: Axe should be light for handling And heavy for splitting Separation Type Has to Light at: Has to Heavy at: Separation in Space S1 (Holding area) S2 (Striking Area) Separation in Time T1 T1 Separation in Relation (Condition) C1 (Axe is Upright) C2 (Axe is Tilted for Striking)) Separation by System SL1 (Both Macro SL1 (Both Macro and micro level) and Micro Level) Inventive Principle Idea 3 Local Quality ? 40 Composite Object ? 32 Porous Material ?  Physical Contradiction Chunk of Axe Wood Contradiction PC: Axe should be light for handling But heavy for splitting Resources Ideal Final Result Separation Type Has to be Heavy and Light at: Separation in Space Throughout the Axe Separation in Time Separation in Relation (Condition) Separation by System - Separation Type High Radiation at: Low Radiation at: Separation in Space 1, 2, 3, 7, 4, 17 Tumor Region Surrounding Tissue 15, 34, 10, 9, 11 Separation in Time 40, 31, 32,3,19 Separation in Relation 1, 5, 33, 12 Separation by System 25, 6, 13 By-pass PRINCIPLE Solution Segmentation Small doses in higher intensity 1 Taking Out 2 Extract out region, by covering Local Quality Customise system for the parts where the tissue were affected by the radiation 3 Another Dimension 17  Guide to help find resources available Resource System Subsystem Supersystem Knowledge/Information Space Area of closed region Time Speed of Radiation action Energy Intensity Substance/ Physical Laser Resources Structure function/Capacity Resource Readily available Wasted Void/ No existent Knowledge/Information Space Time Energy Physical Resources Structure function/Capacity Space Time Energy Structure Substance Information 3. Length of moving 9. Speed 10. Force (intensity) 13. Stability of 1. Weight of moving 24. Loss of information object 15. Duration of 11. Stress or composition object 27. Reliability 4. Length of stationary action of moving pressure 29.Manufacturing 2. Weight of 28. Measurement accuracy object object 14. Strength precision stationary object 30. Object-affected harmful 5. Area of moving 16. Duration of 17. Temperature 32. Ease of 23. Loss of factors object action of stationary 18. Illumination manufacture substance 31. Object-generated 6. Area of stationary object intensity 36. Device 26. Quantity of harmful factors object 25. Loss of time 19. Use of energy by complexity substance 35. Adaptability or versatility 7. Volume of moving 35. Productivity moving object 37. Difficulty of detecting object 20. Use of energy by and measuring 8. Volume of stationary object 38. Extent of automation stationary object 21. Power 33. Ease of operation 12. Shape 22. Loss of energy 34. Ease of repair Electronic reference book of typical disadvantages as an integrated educational tool Yuri Danilovskya, Sergey Ikovenkob Gen3 partners  MCQ Design Standard Generic Multiple choice questions(MCQs) is suited for large class assessment, as is it is easy to mark and helps as a repository of questions can be built over time. The problem with this type of MCQ use is that customized questions cannot be tuned to specific domain or field of study. IF generic MCQs are employed Then Maintenance is easy (36) But adaptability is affected IP: 29, 15,28,37 Pneumatics, Dynamics, Mechanical Substitution, Thermal Expansion