TMS1003 Systematic Innovation And Innovative Problem Solving PDF

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The !"#$%%& #'#!(")!*+, *--./)!*.- )-0 *--./)!*/(,12.34(", #.4/*-5 SEMESTER 1 2022/2023  LU Topics 1 Overview of Systematic Inventive Problem Solving - Introduction - Psychological Inertia & Systematic Innovation - History of TRIZ and its potentials 2 Problem Analysis Tools - Function Analysis - Cause-Effect Chain Analysis - Ideality - Trimming 46789:9; 3 Problem Solving Tools - Engineering Contradictions - Physical Contradictions - Substance Field Model 4 Technology & Product Development - Industry 4.0 Landscape - Benchmarking - S-Curve Analysis - Trends of System Evolution - 9 Windows - Technology Forecasting The picture can't be displayed. 5 40 Inventive Principles - IT Patent Strategy - Scientific Effects Database - Function Oriented Search 6 Inventive Problem Solving  TMS1003 Roadmap LU Topics Problem Analysis The picture can't be displayed. Cause and Innovation Function Flow Evolutionary 1 Overview of Systematic Inventive Problem Solving Effect Chain Benchmarking Analysis Analysis Analysis - Introduction Analysis - Psychological Inertia & Systematic Innovation - History of TRIZ and its potentials Trimming Hybridization Key Problem Analysis 2 Problem Analysis Tools - Function Analysis Problem Solving - Cause-Effect Chain Analysis - Ideality - Trimming 40 Inventive Principles Function Oriented Search Algorithmic Approach 3 Problem Solving Tools - Engineering Contradictions Standard Inventive Scientific Effects Reverse Engineering of - Physical Contradictions Solutions Application Inventive Methods - Substance Field Model 4 Product and Technology Development Technology & Product Development - Industry 4.0 Landscape - Benchmarking Product Development Process Innovation Technology Roadmap - S-Curve Analysis - Trends of System Evolution - 9 Windows Problem - Technology identification Forecasting 5 Problem 40 Inventive Solving Principles - IT Patent Strategy Practical - Scientific Feasibility Effects Database Assessment - Function Oriented Search Creative Talent Innovation Ecosystem Strategic Leadership Deployment 6 Inventive Problem Solving  )>>6>>?69= #@A6?6 Assessment Percentage (%) CLO Mapping Individual Assignment 20 CLO2 Group Project 50 CLO3 Final Examination 30 CLO1 (Individual) Total 100 The picture can't be displayed. Engineering Contradictions TRIZ Tool : Engineering Contradiction Content What is Engineering Contradiction? What are System Parameters? What are Inventive Principles? How to use Contradiction Matrix? Exercise Inventive Principle Case Study  What is a Contradiction? An improvement in one characteristic of a system results in the degradation of another characteristic “As one characteristic gets better another characteristic gets worse” If I make the lift larger, If I increase the power of the car, then it is better to carry more loads, then the speed will be improved, but it adds more weight but the fuel consumption will go up If I add heat, then productivity goes up, but it consumes more energy If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the table can carry a heavier load, but the table becomes heavier If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the strength of the table improves, but the weight of the table gets worse Traditionally the problem is addressed by compromise, sacrifice or trade-off  IPAD needs to be large for control and IPAD needs to be small for ease of use Class size has to be large to meet student numbers and Class size has to be small to use existing resource CONTRADICTIONS CONTRADICTIONS Core Equipment need to be centralised for control and Core Equipment need to be decentralised for resource optimisation  What is an Engineering Contradiction? An Engineering Contradiction is a situation in which an attempt to improve one parameter of a system leads to the worsening (impairment) of another parameter It can be reflected in a positive and negative interaction between two or more components Action 1 Subject Action 3 Object Action 4 Action 2 Action 5 Component  Radiation intensity is High IF Tumor Shrinks IMPROVING THEN PARAMETER 39 INVENTIVE 18, 22, 35, PRINCIPLES 39 Surrounding tissue is damaged WORSENING BUT PARAMETER 31 PRINCIPLE EXPLANATION 18 Mechanical May result in a new invention Vibration 35 Parameter Change 39 Isolate the parts where the tissue were affected by the radiation  Engineering Contradiction Contradiction Inventive Contradiction Matrix Principles IF Metal legs are use THEN Strength Increase BUT It gets heavy  Model of Solution - 40 Inventive Principles 1. Segmentation 21. Skipping 2. Taking Out Break into small 22. Blessing in Disguise parts i.e. table top Metal legs 3. Local Quality 23. Feedback & legs (20cm diameter) 4. Asymmetry 24. Intermediary 5. Merging 25. Self-service 6. Universality 26. Copying String up & pulley 7. Nested Doll 27. Cheap short -living objects 8. Anti-weight 28. Mechanics substitution 9. Preliminary anti action 29. Pneumatics and hydraulics 10. Preliminary action 30. Flexible shells and thin films 11. Beforehand cushioning 31. Porous Materials Hollow table 12. Equipotentiality 32. Color changes legs 13. The other way around 33. Homogeneity 14. Curvature Put wheels, use 34. Discarding and recovering 15. Dynamization trolley 35. Parameter changes 16. Partial or excessive actions 36. Phase transitions 17. Another dimension 37. Thermal expansion 18. Mechanical vibration 38. Strong oxidants 19. Periodic action 39. Inert Atmosphere Change to C- EC 20. Continuity of useful action 40. Parameter Composite materials fiberInventive Principles IF Bump is Tall THEN Good for safetyContradiction Contradiction Inventive Matrix Principles BUT Bad for car  What is parameter? Parameter is defined as any factor Yes, I’m from Egypt … that defines a system and how did you guess? determines (or limits) its performance Parameter typically describes the characteristics of a system A parameter is a “property or attribute” given to describe a function of a system – it takes the point of view of the function rather than the components  39 System Parameters 1. Weight of Moving Object 21. Power 2. Weight of Stationary Object 22. Loss of Energy 3. Length (or Angle) of Moving Object 23. Loss of Substance 4. Length (or Angle) of Stationary Object 24. Loss of Information 5. Area of Moving Object 25. Loss of Time 6. Area of Stationary Object 26. Quantity of Substance 7. Volume of Moving Object 27. Reliability (Robustness) 8. Volume of Stationary Object 28. Measurement Accuracy 9. Speed 29. Manufacturing Precision (Consistency) 10. Force (a.ka. Torque) 30. Object Affected Harmful Factors 11. Pressure or Stress 31. Object Generated Harmful Factors 12. Shape 32. Ease of Manufacture (Manufacturability) 13. Stability of the Object’s Composition 33. Ease of Operation 14. Strength 34. Ease of Repair (Repairability) 15. Duration of Action of Moving Object 35. Adaptability or Versatility 16. Duration of Action of Stationary Object 36. Device Complexity 17. Temperature 37. Difficulty of Detecting and Measuring 18. Illumination Intensity 38. Extent of Automation 19. Use of Energy by Moving Object 39. Productivity 20. Use of Energy by Stationary Object  TRIZ: OBSERVING THE WORLD DIFFERENTLY Alternatively Smile NO. CHANGING PARAMETER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Several changes are 8 happening when 9 someone tries to inflate a 10 balloon. 11 12 Can you list all the … possible changing parameters that the balloon have to undergo?  39 System Parameters 1. Weight of Moving Object 21. Power 2. Weight of Stationary Object 22. Loss of Energy 3. Length (or Angle) of Moving Object 23. Loss of Substance 4. Length (or Angle) of Stationary Object 24. Loss of Information 5. Area of Moving Object 25. Loss of Time 6. Area of Stationary Object 26. Quantity of Substance 7. Volume of Moving Object 27. Reliability (Robustness) 8. Volume of Stationary Object 28. Measurement Accuracy 9. Speed 29. Manufacturing Precision (Consistency) 10. Force (a.ka. Torque) 30. Object Affected Harmful Factors 11. Pressure or Stress 31. Object Generated Harmful Factors 12. Shape 32. Ease of Manufacture (Manufacturability) 13. Stability of the Object’s Composition 33. Ease of Operation 14. Strength 34. Ease of Repair (Repairability) 15. Duration of Action of Moving Object 35. Adaptability or Versatility 16. Duration of Action of Stationary Object 36. Device Complexity 17. Temperature 37. Difficulty of Detecting and Measuring 18. Illumination Intensity 38. Extent of Automation 19. Use of Energy by Moving Object 39. Productivity 20. Use of Energy by Stationary Object  How many things have change? Space Time Energy Structure Substance Information 3. Length of moving 9. Speed 10. Force 13. Stability of 1. Weight of 24. Loss of information object 15. Duration of (intensity) composition moving object 27. Reliability 4. Length of action of moving 11. Stress or 29.Manufacturin 2. Weight of 28. Measurement accuracy stationary object object pressure g precision stationary object 30. Object-affected 5. Area of moving 16. Duration of 14. Strength 32. Ease of 23. Loss of harmful factors object action of stationary 17. Temperature manufacture substance 31. Object-generated 6. Area of stationary object 18. Illumination 36. Device 26. Quantity of harmful factors object 25. Loss of time intensity complexity substance 35. Adaptability or 7. Volume of 35. Productivity 19. Use of energy versatility moving object by moving object 37. Difficulty of detecting 8. Volume of 20. Use of energy and measuring stationary object by stationary 38. Extent of automation 12. Shape object 33. Ease of operation 21. Power 34. Ease of repair 22. Loss of energy  How many way are there to Invent ____________? What can we change? Space Time Energy Structure Substance Information 3. Length of moving 9. Speed 10. Force 13. Stability of 1. Weight of 24. Loss of information object 15. Duration of (intensity) composition moving object 27. Reliability 4. Length of action of moving 11. Stress or 29.Manufacturin 2. Weight of 28. Measurement accuracy stationary object object pressure g precision stationary object 30. Object-affected 5. Area of moving 16. Duration of 14. Strength 32. Ease of 23. Loss of harmful factors object action of stationary 17. Temperature manufacture substance 31. Object-generated 6. Area of stationary object 18. Illumination 36. Device 26. Quantity of harmful factors object 25. Loss of time intensity complexity substance 35. Adaptability or 7. Volume of 35. Productivity 19. Use of energy versatility moving object by moving object 37. Difficulty of detecting 8. Volume of 20. Use of energy and measuring stationary object by stationary 38. Extent of automation 12. Shape object 33. Ease of operation 21. Power 34. Ease of repair 22. Loss of energy Space Time Energy Structure Substance Information 3. Length of moving 9. Speed 10. Force (intensity) 13. Stability of 1. Weight of moving 24. Loss of information object 15. Duration of 11. Stress or composition object 27. Reliability 4. Length of stationary action of moving pressure 29.Manufacturing 2. Weight of 28. Measurement accuracy object object 14. Strength precision stationary object 30. Object-affected harmful 5. Area of moving 16. Duration of 17. Temperature 32. Ease of 23. Loss of factors object action of stationary 18. Illumination manufacture substance 31. Object-generated 6. Area of stationary object intensity 36. Device 26. Quantity of harmful factors object 25. Loss of time 19. Use of energy by complexity substance 35. Adaptability or versatility 7. Volume of moving 35. Productivity moving object 37. Difficulty of detecting object 20. Use of energy by and measuring 8. Volume of stationary object 38. Extent of automation stationary object 21. Power 33. Ease of operation 12. Shape 22. Loss of energy 34. Ease of repair Electronic reference book of typical disadvantages as an integrated educational tool Yuri Danilovskya, Sergey Ikovenkob Gen3 partners TRIZ Tool : Engineering Contradiction Content What is Engineering Contradiction? What are System Parameters? What are Inventive Principles? How to use Contradiction Matrix? Exercise Inventive Principle Case Study  Engineering Contradictions Learning period: time to learn pattern –can be shorten or lengthen  What is a Contradiction? An improvement in one characteristic of a system results in the degradation of another characteristic “As one characteristic gets better another characteristic gets worse” If I add heat, then productivity goes up, but it consumes more energy If I make the lift larger, then it is better to carry more loads, but it adds more weight If I increase the power of the car, then the speed will be improved, but the fuel consumption will go up Traditionally the problem is addressed by compromise, sacrifice or trade-off EC 3: Contradiction Matrix  Knowledge Based Approach to Model Inventive PRoblem Excerpt Of The Contradictions Matrix Deteriorating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PARAMETERs Length of Length of Volume Volume Mass of a Mass of a Area of a Area of a PARAMETERs a a of a of a Spped Power movable stationar movable stationar movable stationar movable stationar to be improved object y object object y object object y object object y object Mass of a movable 15, 8, 29, 29, 17, 29, 2, 40, 2, 8, 15, 8, 10, 18, 1 object 34 38, 34 28 38 37 Mass of a stationary 10, 1, 29, 35, 30, 5, 35, 14, 8, 10, 19, 2 object 35 13, 2 2 35 Length of a 8, 15, 29, 7, 17, 4, 3 15, 17, 4 13, 4, 8 17, 10, 4 movable object 34 35 Length of a 35, 28, 17, 7, 10, 35, 8, 2, 4 28, 10 stationary object 40, 29 40 14 Area of a movable 2, 17, 29, 14, 15, 7, 14, 17, 29, 30, 4, 19, 30, 5 object 4 18, 4 4 34 35, 2 Area of a stationary 30, 2, 14, 26, 7, 9, 1, 18, 35, 6 object 18 39 36 Volume of a 2, 26, 29, 29, 4, 38, 15, 35, 7 1, 7, 4, 35 1, 7, 4, 17 movable object 40 34 36, 37 Volume of a 35, 10, 35, 8, 2, 8 19, 14 2, 18, 37 stationary object 19, 14 14 2, 28, 13, 13, 28, 9 Speed 13, 14, 8 29, 30, 34 7, 29, 34 38 15, 19 8, 1, 37, 18, 13, 1, 17, 19, 9, 1, 18, 36, 15, 9, 12, 2, 36, 18, 13, 28, 10 Power 28, 10 19, 10, 15 18 28 36 37 37 37 15, 12  Contradiction Matrix The Inventive Principles are simple ways to resolve Engineering Contradictions – the application of the principles does not require any special knowledge. Adults as well as children can use them easily There are two methods to apply the Inventive Principles Method 1 Method 2 Utilize the Contradiction Matrix in order to get a set of Familiarize with all 40 Inventive recommended Inventive Principles to solve the Engineering Principles and apply each or a Contradiction. If no good solution, look at remaining 40 Inventive Principles combination to solve the Engineering Contradiction The Contradiction Matrix was designed to formalize and facilitate the usage of the Inventive Principles – it was one of the first outcomes of the work of Altshuller and his colleagues He abstracted and classified the Inventive Principles and also identified System Parameters that can describe all the different solved contradictions The System Parameters laid out in 39 x 39 matrix where the x-axis is the parameter that worsens, while the y-axis is the parameter that improves in the contradiction  Contradiction Matrix 39 Worsening Parameters 39 Improving Parameters Using guides in : https://product.design.umn.edu/courses/pdes2701/documents/TRIZ_Packet.pdf 39 x 39 Matrix Speed bumps 1 in 5 motorists fork out on repair bills for damage they've caused to their vehicles. The average cost to fix a car after such an incident is £144. 22 per cent of drivers have caused damage when driving over one of the 29,000 traffic calming measures located around Britain. Some have demanded to be compensated and local councils have had to pay out £35,000 in reimbursements between 2015 and 2017 when the speed bumps are found to exceed legal heights. IF THEN Good BUT Bad Source: https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/cars/article-6202675/One-five- motorists-suffered-car-damage-speed-bumps.html  Problem 1 The idea of speed bumps might be to slow traffic and improve safety, but they're infuriating one in five motorists who've had to fork out on repair bills for damage they've caused to their vehicles. The average cost to fix a car after such an incident is £144 according to new research. It shows 22 per cent of drivers have caused damage when driving over one of the 29,000 traffic calming measures located around Britain. Some have demanded to be compensated and local councils have had to pay out £35,000 in reimbursements between 2015 and 2017 when the speed bumps are found to exceed legal heights. Source: https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/cars/article- 6202675/One-five-motorists-suffered-car-damage-speed-bumps.html Speed bumps 1 in 5 motorists fork out on repair bills for damage they've caused to their vehicles. The average cost to fix a car after such an incident is £144. 22 per cent of drivers have caused damage when driving over one of the 29,000 traffic calming measures located around Britain. Some have demanded to be compensated and local councils have had to pay out £35,000 in reimbursements between 2015 and 2017 when the speed bumps are found to exceed legal heights. EC Parameter Invent ive Princi ples IF Bump is Tall Source: https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/cars/article-6202675/One-five- THEN Good for safety 9/39/15 1,23,2 motorists-suffered-car-damage-speed-bumps.html 8,35 13, 22, 24, 35 15, 22, 28, 33 BUT Bad for car 30 Merging 15 Dynamization 28 Mechanical 1 Segmentation Substitution https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-3d-speed- humps-pedestrian-safety-1.4779160 EC Parameter Inventive Principles IF BumpBump is Tallis Tall THEN GoodGood for safety for safety BUT badcar Bad for for car https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-3d-speed-humps- pedestrian-safety-1.4779160 Physical Contradiction Bump has to be high to slow down cars and Bump has be low to stop damage on cars Separation in Space Dynamization Witchayangkoon, Boonsap. (2015). Observation on Innovative Speed Bumps with Humps. Accident; analysis and prevention. 4. 213-218. https://www.autoblog.com/2008/03/26/pioneer-suspension-smooths-out-the-sinkholes-supposedly/ https://www.truthorfiction.com/canadian-potholes/  IF-THEN-BUT WITH ALTSHULLER’S MATRIX IF IMPROVING THEN PARAMETER INVENTIVE WORSENING PRINCIPLES BUT PARAMETER PRINCIPLE EXPLANATION  Engineering Contradiction IF The user uses glove in cold weather THEN Fingers does not freeze in the cold 17 Temperature 19 Periodic Action BUT User not able to operate smart 27 Reliability 35 Parameter Change phone 3 Local Quality 10 Preliminary Action 10 Preliminary Action US Patent Fingertips of gloves covered Gloves for with special material touch screen use  Engineering Contradiction Smartphone requires a battery charge, they require a power source for recharging, which is not always available. What to do? IF An additional source of energy is used Phone battery performance IMPROVING THEN 39 increases PARAMETER WORSENING BUT Degree of automation is less 38 PARAMETER PRINCIPLE EXPLANATION 5 Merging : Attach a charging facility embedded in the cover. 12 Equipotentiality 35 Parameter Change 26 Copying  IF THEN BUT IF THEN IF BUT THEN BUT Venom from Frog To collect venom from a frog, a gland on the frog's back is squeezed with pincers. Disadvantage: The pincers can injure the gland. It is proposed to expose the gland to ultrasonic vibrations. The vibrations relax the gland so venom can be released with weak squeezing. Injury is avoided. Ultrasound is applied to the gland through the base of the pincers themselves. SU A.C. 1,468,537 Source: TechOptimizer Berries Harvesting Challenge The branches of fruit-bearing bushes are attached to a trellis or other framework. The berries are harvested manually. Disadvantage: The harvesting is not efficient. It is proposed to shake off berries from the branches using vibrations in the trellis. An alternating electric current is passed through the trellis, and the trellis is subjected to a magnetic field. The berries are shaken off onto a spread cloth. This accelerates the berry harvesting process. SU A.C. 865,200 Source: TechOptimizer  Log Jam Stopping Stopping Time is Time is Long Short Every few hours, a train enters the depot with several cars full of logs. It is the job of the inspector to measure each log diameter. Unfortunately the train Log More does not stay long. So far, the problem has been solved Transportation Inspectors and by hiring many inspectors. The inspectors have is Inefficient Idle Time nothing to do between trains and sit for hours. The productivity of the inspectors is low. If the logs would just stay at the station for a long time, one inspector could do the job and would be fully occupied. The Stopping Time Needs to be Long & Short  The Farmer’s Mush Preparation Preparation “I can’t stand cold cereal any more!” the Time is Time is Short Long farmer says. “Yes, but it takes a long time to make hot cereal the way that you like it! I’m not getting up any earlier to make it!” the farmers wife complains. Quality of Time of Cereal is awakening is Low early The Preparation Time should be Long & Short  A Limit to Cell Phones Case Material Case Material is Metallic is Plastic Consumers want cell phones that are thinner, lighter and cheaper. Plastic is lighter than metal and generally Price Flexibility results in a lower product cost. However, a plastic is and EMI phone will have too much electromagnetic interference High Conductivity and it is too flexible to hold the phone together. are high The Cases should be Metallic & Plastic  Special Delivery ? During war in a third world country, an effective means Package Package of gaining support from the local people is to give them contents are contents are much needed supplies such as medicine, food and Useless Useful clothing. In order to avoid anti-aircraft and small arms fire, the drop plane must fly high. If the package is dense and compact, it falls with pinpoint accuracy. A chute opens near the end to keep the contents from Value to the Enemy Troop being damaged. Unfortunately, enemy troops on the Needy is Confiscation is ground then confiscate the package and horde the Low High supplies to themselves. They quickly discover that the contents are useful and look for them. The Package Contents must be Useful & Useless  ENGINEERING CONTRADICTIONS IF IMPROVING THEN PARAMETER INVENTIVE WORSENING PRINCIPLES BUT PARAMETER PRINCIPLE EXPLANATION  SEPARATION: IDEA ILLUSTRATION (1/2) POSITIVE VALUE NEGATIVE VALUE PRINCIPLE EXPLANATION USED  LIST OF IF-THEN-BUT # IF THEN BUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 … How many problems can you think of by using this tool? Physical Contradictions  CONTRADICTIONS Physical Contradiction Number of staff has to be large and Number of staff has to be small IPAD needs to be large for control and IPAD needs to be small for ease of use Class size has to be large to meet student numbers and Class size has to be small to use existing resource Core Equipment need to be centralised for control and Core Equipment need to be decentralised for resource optimisation  Physical Contradictions Product should be strong(thick) and light(thin) Software options few: for ease but many options for effective Coffee should be hot for enjoyable drinking but cold for not burning Airbag should deploy quickly to save life but slowly to minimise harm to small or off- position erson Example of Physical Contradictions Platform needs to be HIGH so that the diver has TIME to complete the difficult routine AND platform needs to be LOW so that it will NOT HURT the diver when entering into the water Example of Contradictions Aeroplane engine need to be LARGE to provide MORE POWER AND need to be SMALL so that it does NOT HIT the runaway upon landing  There are 3 main approaches used to resolve Physical Contradictions. Separation is the most widely used approach. We will only cover separation in this class. We will look at 4 types of separation methods. Separation Examples Time Ink has to flow while Pen writes Ink has to stop while Pen not writes Relation Tip of Pen allows free flow for smooth Tip has to be constrained to stop blotting writing Space Amount of ink big in storage area Amount of ink small at point of writing System Bicycle chain has to be rigid (macro Chain has to be flexible (micro level) level)  PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION Engineering Physical Select Formulate Contradiction Formulate Contradiction Contradiction Engineering Physical Resolving Contradicition Contradiction Method Resolving Method Apply Inventive Identify Ideas Selected Principle Related Inventive Inventive Principle Principal Example: Umbrella Umbrella Has to be LARGE to Avoid getting Wet AND Umbrella has to be SMALL to avoid wind breakup Source: N.Khomenko, 2010 Separation in Space: Another Dimension Source; (Khomenko, 2010) Venom from Frog To collect venom from a frog, a gland on the frog's back is squeezed with pincers. Disadvantage: The pincers can injure the gland. It is proposed to expose the gland to ultrasonic vibrations. The vibrations relax the gland so venom can be released with weak squeezing. Injury is avoided. Ultrasound is applied to the gland through the base of the pincers themselves. SU A.C. 1,468,537 Source: TechOptimizer Rhythm Coordination: Harvest The branches of fruit-bearing bushes are attached to a trellis or other framework. The berries are harvested manually. Disadvantage: The harvesting is not efficient. It is proposed to shake off berries from the branches using vibrations in the trellis. An alternating electric current is passed through the trellis, and the trellis is subjected to a magnetic field. The berries are shaken off onto a spread cloth. This accelerates the berry harvesting process. SU A.C. 865,200 Source: TechOptimizer  PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION Radiation Treatment Radiation Radiation Intensity is Intensity is Low High Surrounding Tumor Tissue Damage is Shrinkage is Low Effective High levels of radiation can damage the structure of cells and cause them to cease functioning. This is useful in the treatment of tumors. A beam of high energy radiation IF Radiation intensity is High is focused on the tumor. After the THEN Tumour Shrinks procedure, the tumor shrinks. Unfortunately, the tissue surrounding the BUT Surrounding tissue gets tumor is also damaged by the high energy damaged radiation. The Radiation Intensity needs to Source: Open Source Triz be High & Low  PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION E.g. SECURE PASSWORDS Password has to be SHORT Password has to be LONG Passwords are used as primary security Easily retained by Not easily cracked mechanisms. People have a big problem in user by hacker choosing and remembering passwords that they consider as secure. At the same time, hackers are getting better at cracking passwords. Passwords need to be SHORT to be easily retained by humans, but it has to be LONG to be not cracked by hackers. Describe the Contradictions based on your own field or area in the same format as shown here.