TM's Pathology Question Bank 2.0 PDF

TIMES MEDICO Question Bank Pathology 2nd Edition As per CBME Curriculum  Paper – 1 General Pathology Cell Injury, Adaptations & Death LAQs – 1....

TIMES MEDICO Question Bank Pathology 2nd Edition As per CBME Curriculum  Paper – 1 General Pathology Cell Injury, Adaptations & Death LAQs – 1. ***** Apoptosis – (AP 22) a. Definition of Apoptosis b. Enumerate in Detail about the Pathways of Apoptosis c. What are the Other Methods of Cell Death? 2. ***** Necrosis – (TS 22) a. Definition of Necrosis b. Classification, Etiopathogenesis & Morphology of Types of Necrosis 3. Cellular Adaptations - Definition, Etiopathogenesis & Examples of – a. Atrophy b. *** Hypertrophy c. *** Hyperplasia d. ***** Metaplasia e. *** Dysplasia SAQs – 1. *** Differentiate between Necrosis & Apoptosis 2. *** Differentiate between Dry & Wet Gangrene 3. ***** Differentiate between Metastatic & Dystrophic Calcification (Each type of Calcification is Again a SAQ) 4. *** Intracellular Accumulations  5. ***** Fatty Liver – Etiopathogenesis, Morphology – Gross & Microscopy & Stains 6. *** Free Radicals – Generation & Role in Cell Injury 7. * Various Mechanisms & Effects of Cell Injury VSAQs – 1. * Exogenous Pigments 2. ***** Psammoma Bodies 3. ***** Lipofuscin 4. ***** Stains for Fat 5. ***** Autophagy 6. * Stress Proteins in Cell Injury 7. * Morphology of Necrotic Cell 8. *** Hyaline Degeneration Inflammation & Repair LAQ – ***** Acute Inflammation (AP 19, AP 22, TS 23) a. Define Acute Inflammation b. Mention Vascular & Cellular Events of Acute Inflammation c. Outcomes of Inflammation SAQs – 1. ***** Arachidonic Acid derived Mediators of Inflammation 2. ***** Phagocytosis 3. ***** Differentiate between Transudate & Exudate 4. *** Define Chronic Inflammation. Mention it’s Causes & Pathways 5. ***** Define Granulomatous Inflammation. Describe the Structure of a Granuloma  6. *** Mechanisms of Wound Healing in First Intention 7. ***** Mechanisms of Wound Healing in Secondary Intention 8. * Fracture Healing VSAQs – 1. ***** Cardinal Signs of Inflammation 2. *** Interleukins 3. **** Acute Phase Reactants 4. *** Different types of Giant Cells 5. **** Differentiate between Keloid & Hypertrophic Scar 6. * Growth Factors involved in Wound Healing 7. ***** Granulation Tissue Haemodynamic Disorders LAQs – 1. ***** Embolism – Define Embolism. Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – (Any 1) a. Pulmonary Embolism b. Amniotic Fluid Embolism c. Fat Embolism (API 24) CASE – Individual to Emergency with Complaints of Shortness of Breath, History of DVT (PE)/ Pregnancy (AFE)/ Trauma, Femur Shaft # (FE) 2. *** Oedema – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – a. Cardiac Oedema (API 23) b. Renal Oedema c. Pulmonary Oedema (TSI 23)  3. ***** Septic Shock – (AP 15, TS 21, TS 24) a. Define Shock b. Classification of Shock c. Etiopathogenesis of Septic Shock d. Stages & Clinical Features CASE – Individual to Emergency with Fever (in Septic Shock only)/ Cold Skin, Hypotension, Weak Pulse, Unresponsive in Comatose State SAQs – 1. * Air Embolism 2. *** CVC Liver (Nutmeg Liver) 3. *** Pathogenesis of Thrombus Formation 4. ***** Differentiate between an Arterial & Venous Thrombus 5. ***** Fate of Thrombus 6. ***** Virchow’s Triad & their Inter – Relationship 7. ***** Differentiate between Postmortem & Antimortem Clot 8. ***** Differentiate between Red & White Infarct VSAQs – 1. ***** Lines of Zahn 2. * Functions of Endothelium 3. *** Paradoxical Embolism 4. * Saddle Embolus 5. *** CVC Spleen 6. * CVC Lung  Genetics SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology (Gross & Microscopy), Clinical Features & Complications of – 1. ***** Turner’s Syndrome 2. ***** Down’s Syndrome 3. ***** Klinefelter’s Syndrome 4. ***** Tay Sachs’ Disease 5. ***** Gaucher’s Disease 6. ***** Niemann Pick Disease VSAQs – 1. *** Barr Body 2. Give 6 Examples of – a. Autosomal Dominant Disorders b. Autosomal Recessive Disorders c. X – linked Recessive Disorders d. X – linked Dominant Disorders e. Mitochondrial Inheritance Immunopathology LAQs – 1. ***** Amyloidosis – (TS 20) a. Define Amyloidosis. Describe its Physical & Chemical Nature b. Etiopathogenesis c. Classification of Amyloidosis d. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) – Liver, Kidney, Spleen & Heart e. Clinical Features & Lab Diagnosis  CASE – Individual with Enlarged Tongue, Multiple Organomegaly on Palpation, Urine Proteins +, ECG shows Conduction Anomalies 2. *** Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction – Etiopathogenesis, Mediators, Clinical Features & Lab Diagnosis. Enlist some Examples (AP 22, AP 24) CASE – Pollen Allergy/Reaction in response to Penicillin Injection  Shortness of Breath, Hypotension 3. *** Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction – Etiopathogenesis, Mediators, Clinical Features & Lab Diagnosis. Enlist some Examples 4. *** SLE a. Etiopathogenesis b. Morphology c. Clinical Features & Lab Diagnosis CASE – Butterfly Rash over Face, Fever, Oral Ulcers, Photosensitivity, Joint Pains, Pancytopenia SAQs – 1. *** Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction 2. *** Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction 3. *** Lupus Nephritis 4. ***** Etiopathogenesis of AIDS & CNS Manifestations of AIDS 5. ***** Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS VSAQs – 1. * Name 6 Autoimmune Diseases 2. *** Severe Combined Immunodeficiency 3. *** Graft VS Host Disease 4. ***** Sago Spleen VS Lardaceous Spleen 5. ***** Special Stains for Amyloid  Neoplasia NOTE – 2 to 3 SAQs are combined and asked as an LAQ (TS 22, TSI 24) SAQs – 1. ***** Differentiate between a Benign & Malignant Tumor 2. ***** Define Neoplasia. Describe the Salient Features of Neoplasia 3. ***** Define Metastasis. Mention the Various Routes of Metastasis 4. ***** Describe the Mechanism of Invasion of a Malignant Tumor 5. ***** Tumor Markers & their Clinical Significance 6. ***** Paraneoplastic Syndromes 7. ***** Chemical Carcinogenesis – Etiopathogenesis & Examples 8. *** Radiation Carcinogenesis – Etiopathogenesis & Examples 9. ***** Viral Carcinogenesis – Etiopathogenesis & Examples 10. *** Tumor Suppressor Genes 11. *** RB Gene – Functions & Mechanisms of Oncogenesis 12. *** TP 53 Gene – Functions & Mechanisms of Oncogenesis 13. *** Lab Diagnosis of Cancer VSAQs – 1. * Hamartoma & Teratoma 2. *** Differentiate between Lymphatic & Vascular Spread of Tumors 3. *** Dysplasia 4. * Carcinoma in situ 5. ***** Philadelphia Chromosome 6. *** Knudson’s 2 Hit Theory 7. *** Diseases due to DNA Repair Gene Defects 8. *** Name the Various Hallmarks of Cancer 9. * Name the Inherited Cancer Syndromes  Nutrition SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Vitamin A Deficiency 2. ***** Vitamin D Deficiency 3. *** Vitamin C Deficiency 4. *** Lead Poisoning 5. *** Tobacco Addiction 6. *** Chronic Alcoholism 7. ***** Obesity (+ Complications) 8. ***** Differentiate between Kwashiorkar & Marasmus Infectious Diseases LAQ – *** Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Types, Morphology, Complications & Lab Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (AP 18, TSI 22) SAQs – 1. ***** Differentiate between Tuberculoid & Lepromatous Leprosy 2. *** Actinomycosis 3. ***** Rhinosporidiosis 4. *** Tertiary Syphillis VSAQs – 1. ***** Ghon Complex 2. *** Miliary Tuberculosis 3. *** Primary Complex  Diseases of Infants & Childhood SAQs – 1. *** Neuroblastoma 2. *** Nephroblastoma 3. ***** Retinoblastoma 4. * Hemangiomas 5. * Cystic Fibrosis  Haematology Basic Proforma – Definition – Risk Factors – GENETICS Pathogenesis – FLOWCHART Lab Diagnosis –  Complete Blood Picture –  RBC, WBC & Platelet Counts – Increased/Decreased  RBC Indices (in RBC) – MCV, MCH, MCHC & RDW – Increased/Decreased  Special Tests – (if Needed)  Iron Studies  Biochemical Assays  Disease Specific Tests  Radiological Tests  Peripheral Smear – DIAGRAM with Findings (Stains used in Peripheral Smear to be mentioned)  Bone Marrow Aspirate – DIAGRAM with Findings  For WBC only –  Flow Cytometry – CD Marker Positivity  Bone Marrow Biopsy (if Needed) – DIAGRAM with Findings  FISH (if Needed) – For Detection of Translocations  IHC Staining (if Needed) – Mention the Markers  For Platelets only – BT, PT, aPTT Clinical Features – Treatment & Prognosis –  Red Blood Cells LAQs – 1. ***** Iron Deficiency Anaemia – (TSI 20, API 23, API 24) a. Define & Classify Anaemia based on MCV (Macro, Normo & Microcytic) b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Lab Diagnosis – Peripheral Smear with RBC Indices, Bone Marrow Findings & Iron Studies CASE – Female with Pallor, Spoon shaped Nails (Koilonychia), Angular Stomatitis, Chelitis, Low MCV, MCH & MCHC 2. *** Hereditary Spherocytosis – (TSI 24) a. Define & Classify Anaemia based on MCV (Macro, Normo & Microcytic) b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Lab Diagnosis – Peripheral Smear with RBC Indices, Bone Marrow Findings & Special Investigations CASE – Person on Repeated Blood Transfusions, Pallor, Splenomegaly, Jaundice, Family History +, MCHC – Elevated 3. ***** Megaloblastic Anaemia – (API 15, TS 22, TSI 23) a. Define & Classify Anaemia based on MCV (Macro, Normo & Microcytic) b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Lab Diagnosis – Peripheral Smear with RBC Indices, Bone Marrow Findings & Special Tests done CASE – Vegetarian with Pallor, Beefy Red Shiny Tongue, Sensory Lower Limb Paraesthesia, Spastic Paraperesis  4. ***** Beta – Thalassemia – (AP 16) a. Define & Classify Haemolytic Anaemias b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Classification of Beta – Thalassemia d. Lab Diagnosis - Peripheral Smear with RBC Indices & Bone Marrow Findings CASE – Child on Repeated Blood Transfusions, Hepatosplenomegaly, Enlarged Bony Prominences, Crew Cut appearance on Skull, Low MCV, MCH 5. ***** Sickle Cell Anaemia – (TS 24) a. Define & Classify Haemolytic Anaemias b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Lab Diagnosis - Peripheral Smear with RBC Indices, Bone Marrow Findings & Special Tests CASE – Child with Pallor, Pain in Hands & Feet, Family History +, Spleenomegaly, C/F of Shock + SAQs – 1. *** Sideroblastic Anaemia 2. ***** Aplastic Anaemia 3. *** G6PD Deficiency 4. ***** Coombs Test VSAQs – 1. * Name the Myeloproliferative Disorders 2. *** Target Cells & its Clinical Importance 3. ***** Describe the Principle, Procedure & Uses of – a. Schilling Test b. Sickling Test c. Osmotic Fragility Test  4. *** Define the following Terms along with their Normal Values & their Clinical Significance – a. PCV b. ESR c. Reticulocyte Count d. Mentzer Index White Blood Cells LAQs – 1. ***** Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia – (AP 17, AP 24) a. FAB Classification b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Lab Diagnosis – Peripheral Smear & Bone Marrow Aspiration findings d. Treatment & Prognosis CASE – Child with Pallor, Fever, Bleeding Tendencies, CNS & Testis Involvement, Hepatosplenomegaly, Lymphadenopathy, Pancytopenia, Blasts on Smear 2. ***** Acute Myeloid Leukemia – (API 19, TS 19) a. FAB Classification b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Lab Diagnosis – Peripheral Smear & Bone Marrow Aspiration findings d. Treatment & Prognosis CASE – Adult with Fever, Pallor, Gum Bleeds, Greenish Swelling (Chloroma), Pancytopenia, Blasts on Smear 3. ***** Chronic Myeloid Leukemia – (TSI 19, TSI 22, AP 22, TS 23) a. FAB Classification b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features  c. Lab Diagnosis – Peripheral Smear & Bone Marrow Aspiration findings d. Treatment & Prognosis CASE – Adult with Dragging Sensation in Abdomen, Blasts on Smear, Elevated WBCs & Platelet Count, Basophilia 4. *** Hodgkin’s Lymphoma – a. Classification b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology in Various Types of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (Reed Sternberg Cell & it’s Variants) CASE – Adult with Waxing & Waning type of Fever, Night Sweats, Weight Loss, Cervical Lymphadenopathy, Pain with Alcohol Intake, Lymph Node shows RS Cell + 5. *** Multiple Myeloma – a. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features b. Morphology of Various Organs (Mainly Bone & Kidney) c. Lab Diagnosis – Peripheral Smear, Bone Marrow Aspiration & Special Investigations findings d. Diagnostic Criteria e. Treatment & Prognosis CASE – Old Age with Pallor, Bone Pain, Pathological Fractures, Fever, Renal Failure Signs, Bence Jones Proteins in Urine, Elevated Sr. Calcium SAQs – 1. *** Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 2. ***** Leukaemoid Reaction & it’s differences with CML 3. *** Burkitt’s Lymphoma 4. *** Hairy Cell Leukemia 5. ***** Myelodysplastic Syndrome VSAQs – 1. *** Indications of Bone Marrow Aspiration 2. ***** Differentiate between a Myeloblast & a Lymphoblast 3. *** 6 Causes of Spleenomegaly 4. *** Reed Sternberg Cell & it’s Variants 5. * Name 3 Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Platelets SAQs – 1. ***** Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura 2. ***** Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 3. ***** von Willebrand Disease 4. ***** Haemophilias 5. ***** Transfusion Reactions 6. *** Haemolytic Disease of Newborn 7. * Prothrombin Time VSAQs – 1. *** Classify Bleeding Disorders 2. *** Mention Various Anticoagulants 3. *** Tests for Haemostatic Function 4. * Anti Phospholipid Syndrome Miscellaneous SAQs – 1. *** Exfoliative Cytology 2. *** FNAC 3. *** Trephine Biopsy 4. * Liquid Base Cytology 5. *** Investigations done before a Blood Transfusion 6. * Bombay Blood Group  Paper – 2 Systemic Pathology Blood Vessels LAQ – *** Atherosclerosis – (API 19) a. Risk Factors & Etiopathogenesis b. Development & Morphology of Atherosclerotic Plaque (Atheroma) c. Clinical Features & Complications SAQs – 1. *** Define & Classify Aneurysms. Describe Atherosclerotic Aneurysm 2. *** Define Dissection. Describe Aortic Dissection in detail 3. * Takayasu Arteritis Heart LAQs – 1. ***** Myocardial Infarction – (AP 16, API 17, TSI 19, TS 22, AP 24) a. Risk Factors & Etiopathogenesis b. Classification of Infarcts c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) d. Clinical Features & Complications e. Diagnosis of MI CASE – Dyspnoea & Chest Pain, Excessive Sweating, Pain radiating to Left Shoulder, Diabetic, Hypertensive, Troponins + in Blood  2. ***** Rheumatic Heart Disease – (AP 22, TS 23) a. Etiopathogenesis b. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) c. Clinical Features & Diagnostic Criteria CASE – Child with Fever, History of Sore Throat, Associated with Joint Pains (Shifting in Nature), Involuntary Movements, Swellings below Skin 3. *** Infective Endocarditis – a. Etiopathogenesis b. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) c. Clinical Features & Diagnostic Criteria CASE – Adult with Fever, Pallor, Crops of Petechiae over Skin, Pain in Splenic Region, Haemorrhage Signs SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. *** Dialated Cardiomyopathy 2. * Cor Pulmonale VSAQs – 1. * Causes of Left & Right Heart Failure 2. * Tetralogy of Fallot 3. *** Cardiac Vegetations  Lung LAQs – 1. ***** Emphysema – (TSI 22, API 23) a. Define & Classify Obstructive Lung Disorders b. Define & Classify Emphysema c. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features d. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) CASE – Male presents with Dyspnoea increasing with Exertion, History of Chronic Smoking, Pursed lip Breathing, Barrel Shaped Test 2. ***** Pneumonia – (AP 22) a. Classify Pneumonia b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology (Stage Wise – Gross & Microscopy) CASE – High Fever with Nasal Discharge & Chills, Dyspnoea, Weight Loss 3. ***** Lung Carcinoma – (AP 15, AP 18) a. Classify Lung Carcinoma b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy – Briefly about its Types) d. Complications & Paraneoplastic Syndromes associated with it CASE – Cough, Dyspnoea, Intermittent Haemoptysis, Loss of Weight, Malaise, History of Chronic Smoking 4. *** Bronchiectasis – (TSI 24) a. Define Bronchiectasis b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) d. Complications  CASE – Individual with Cough, Dyspnoea, Productive Cough which can be Blood Stained, X Ray shows Lesions in Lower Lobes of both Lungs SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Bronchial Asthma 2. *** Lung Abscess 3. *** Chronic Bronchitis 4. ***** Pancoast Tumor 5. *** Classify Occupational Lung Diseases. Describe Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis 6. ***** Asbestosis (LAQ TS 24) 7. *** Lung Abscess & its Complications 8. *** ARDS 9. * Hyaline Membrane Disease 10. *** Mesothelioma 11. * Cystic Fibrosis VSAQs ***** Reid’s Index Eye, Head & Neck SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Pleomorphic Adenoma 2. *** Retinoblastoma 3. *** Warthin’s Tumor VSAQs – 1. * Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors 2. *** Pre – Malignant Lesions of Oral Cavity (Leucoplakia & Erythroplakia)  Gastrointestinal Tract LAQs – 1. *** Peptic Ulcer – a. Etiopathogenesis b. Morphology of Lesion c. Clinical Features & Complications d. Differences between Gastric & Duodenal Ulcer CASE – Individual with Dyspepsia, Sour taste in Mouth, Heart burn, Brown to Black Stool, Diagnosis reveals H. pylori +, Endoscopy shows Ulcer 2. ***** Gastric Carcinoma – (TS 21, API 24) a. Classification b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy of Types) CASE – Male with Dyspepsia, Anorexia & Weight Loss, Left Supraclavicular LN +, Mass palpable in Epigastrium, Smoker/Alcoholic + 3. ***** Colon Carcinoma – (AP 17, AP 22) a. Classification b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy of its Types) CASE – Patient with Bleeding in Stools, Tenderness in Abdomen, Family H/o +, Smear shows Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia, Endoscopy shows Mass in Colon 4. ***** Inflammatory Bowel Disease – a. Definition & Classification b. Etiopathogenesis  c. Crohn’s Disease – Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) & Clinical Features d. Ulcerative Colitis – Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) & Clinical Features (TSI 24) e. Differences between Crohn’s Disease & Ulcerative Colitis CASE – Fever, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhoea, Endoscopy shows (Skip Lesions & Deep Knife like Ulcers – Crohn’s or No Skip Lesions & Superficial Broad based Ulcers – UC), Radiology shows String (CD)/Hose pipe Sign (UC) SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Carcinoid Tumor 2. ***** Barrett’s Oesophagus 3. *** Meckel’s Diverticulum 4. * H. pylori Gastritis VSAQs – 1. *** Plummer Vinson Syndrome 2. *** Linitis Plastica 3. *** Mallory Weiss Syndrome 4. * Amoebic & Typhoid Ulcer of Intestine 5. * Primary Malabsorption 6. *** Pre Malignant Lesions of Colon  Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas LAQs – 1. ***** Cirrhosis (Alcoholic Liver Disease) – (TSI 20, TSI 23, API 23) a. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features b. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) c. Complications CASE – Male with History of Alcoholism presents with Breathlessness due to Ascites, Spider Naevi & Palmar Erythema noted, Gynaecomastia & Infertile, maybe associated with Splenomegaly & Caput Medusae 2. *** Cholelithiasis – (TS 22) a. Define & Classify Cholelithiasis b. Risk Factors c. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features d. Morphology CASE – Obese Individual with Right Hypochondrial Pain, Pain radiating to Right Shoulder, Altered LFT, Raised Sr. Cholesterol SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. *** Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis 2. * Primary Biliary Cholangitis 3. * Lab Diagnosis of Viral Hepatitis 4. ***** Etiopathogenesis & Morphology of Viral Hepatitis 5. *** Portal Hypertension 6. *** Haemochromatosis 7. ***** Hepatocellular Carcinoma 8. *** Acute Pancreatitis 9. *** Chronic Pancreatitis 10. * Wilson’s Disease VSAQs – 1. *** Fibrolamellar Variant of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2. *** Post Necrotic Cirrhosis Kidney LAQs – 1. *** Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis – a. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features b. Morphology (Gross, Microscopy, Electron Microscopy & Immunofluorescence Findings) c. Treatment CASE – Child with Fever, Haematuria (Cola colored Urine) & Back Pain. History of Sore Throat, High ASO Titers, Proteins + in Urine, Oedema 2. ***** Nephrotic Syndrome – (MPGN – AP 19, TSI 22) a. Define & Enlist the Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome b. Pathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology of 1 Type (Gross, Microscopy, Electron Microscopy & Immunofluorescence Findings) d. Differentiate it from Nephritic Syndrome CASE – Patient complains Swellling of Limbs, Periorbital Oedema, Lipid & Proteins + in Urine, High Sr. Cholesterol, LFT shows Low Albumin 3. ***** Renal Calculi – a. Types of Renal Calculi & its Composition b. Etiopathogenesis c. Morphology d. Clinical Features, Investigations & Complications  CASE – Patient presents with Back Pain, No Mass Palpated, Tenderness noted at Renal Angle, History reveals Etiology related to Stone Formation, X Ray reveals the presence of Stones 4. ***** Renal Cell Carcinoma – a. Etiopathogenesis (Familial Syndromes associated with it) b. Types & Features c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) d. Clinical Features CASE – Old Male presents with Abdominal Mass, Haematuria & Back Pain, Fullness of Renal Angle, History of Smoking, Obesity +, Elevated RBC Count & Sr. Calcium SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. *** Crescentric Glomerulonephritis 2. *** Good Pasteur Syndrome 3. ***** Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis 4. *** Membranous Glomerulonephritis 5. ***** Chronic Pyelonephritis 6. *** Diabetic Nephropathy 7. ***** Polycystic Kidney Disease 8. ***** Wilm’s Tumor / Nephroblastoma 9. *** Lupus Nephritis 10. * Physical Examination of Urine VSAQs – 1. ***** Staghorn Calculi 2. * Acute Tubular Necrosis 3. *** Diabetic Microangiopathy 4. *** Morphology of Kidney in Benign & Malignant Nephrosclerosis 5. *** Causes of Flea Bitten Kidney & Leather Grain Kidney  Male Genital Tract SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Premalignant Lesions of Penis 2. ***** Seminoma 3. *** Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 4. *** Prostate Cancer 5. * Benign Tumors of Penis VSAQs – 1. ***** Classify Testicular Tumors 2. *** Cryptorchidism 3. * Corpora Amylacea Female Genital Tract LAQ ***** Cervical Cancer – (AP 22, API 24) a. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features b. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) c. Screening Tests & Prevention CASE – Old Female presents with Bleeding per Vaginum after Menopause, Colposcopy shows Polypoid Mass which Bleeds spontaneously, Inguinal Lymphadenopathy +, Pap Smear shows Malignant Cells SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Endometriosis & Adenomyosis 2. *** Endometrial Hyperplasia 3. ***** Pathogenesis & Morphology of Endometrial Cancer 4. ***** Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia  5. ***** Hydatiform Mole 6. ***** Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids) 7. *** Teratoma – Pathogenesis, Morphology & Types 8. *** Condyloma acuminatum 9. *** Dysgerminoma VSAQs – 1. ***** Classify Ovarian Tumors 2. *** Dermoid Cyst 3. *** Krukenberg Tumor 4. * Name Malignant Tumors of Ovary 5. *** Name the Hormone producing Tumors of Ovary & the Hormone secreted by them 6. * Schiller Duval Body Breast LAQ ***** Breast Carcinoma – (API 15, API 16, TS 19, TS 22) a. Classification b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy – DCIS & Invasive Carcinoma) d. Prognosis CASE – Female presents with Painful growing Breast Lump in Upper Outer Quadrant with Immobile Breast, Axillary Lymphadenopathy +, OCP Usage/Smoking +, Biopsy shows Malignant Cells SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Fibroadenoma 2. *** Phyllodes Tumor 3. *** Paget’s Disease of Nipple  4. *** Gynaecomastia VSAQs – 1. * Paget’s Disease of Breast 2. * Nottingham Score 3. * Inflammatory Carcinoma of Breast Endocrine System SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Hashimoto Thyroiditis 2. ***** Graves’ Disease 3. ***** Follicular Adenoma of Thyroid 4. ***** Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid 5. ***** Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid 6. ***** Pathogenesis & Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 7. *** Multinodular Goitre 8. * Solitary Adenoma of Thyroid 9. *** Hyperparathyroidism – Classification, Morphology & Clinical Features 10. *** Cushing’s Syndrome 11. * Pheochromocytoma 12. * Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes Skin SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. ***** Malignant Melanoma 2. *** Basal Cell Carcinoma 3. ***** Premalignant Lesions of Skin 4. *** Lichen Planus  Bones, Joints & Soft Tissue Tumors LAQ ***** Osteosarcoma – (TS 23, AP 24, TS 24) a. Classify Bone Tumors b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) d. Radiology Findings – Codman’s Triangle CASE – Child/Old Man with Swelling in near Knee, X Ray shows Sun burst Appearance, Biopsy shows Lace like New bone formation SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. *** Pyogenic Osteomyelitis 2. ***** Osteochondroma 3. ***** Osteoclastoma (Giant Cell Tumor) 4. *** Ewing’s Sarcoma 5. * Gout – Classification, Pathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features VSAQ 1. *** Sequestrum & Involucrum 2. * Pannus  Central Nervous System LAQ *** Meningioma – (TSI 23) a. Classify Brain Tumors b. Etiopathogenesis & Clinical Features c. Classification of Meningiomas d. Morphology (Gross & Microscopy) CASE – Female with Headache, CNS C/F, Mass detected in Head attached to the Dura, Biopsy shows Psammoma Bodies + SAQs – Describe the Etiopathogenesis, Morphology & Clinical Features of – 1. *** Pyogenic & Tuberculous Meningitis 2. ***** Astrocytoma 3. ***** Glioblastoma 4. ***** Schwannoma 5. *** Neuroblastoma 6. * Brain Abscess 7. *** Berry Aneurysm – Site, Size, Appearance & Complications VSAQs – 1. *** Verucay Bodies (Microscopy of Schwannoma) 2. * Negri Bodies