Timeline of Rizal's Life PDF

Timeline of Rizal’s Life Francisco Mercado was born in Biñan,...

Timeline of Rizal’s Life Francisco Mercado was born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818. He studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila. Rizal was born on the night of June 19, 1861 Rizal was born on the night of June 19, 1861 Later, as advised by his parents, Francisco on Calamba, Laguna. on Calamba, Laguna. moved to Calamba and became a tenant farmer After three days, Rizal was baptized in a of the Dominican-owned hacienda. Rizal After three days, Rizal was baptized in a Catholic Church by Fr. Rufino Collantes. affectionately regarded as a model father. Catholic Church by Fr. Rufino Collantes. His godfather was Pedro Casañas, a native of Doña Teodora, on the other hand, was born His godfather was Pedro Casañas, a native of Calamba and a close friend of the Rizal family. on November 08, 1826. She studied in the Calamba and a close friend of the Rizal family. College of Santa Rosa, a well-known school in the said city. June 19, 1861 Birth of Dr. Jose Rizal Rizal’s Parents Francisco Rizal Mercado Teodora Alonso Mercado Calamba, Laguna  Doña Teodora was Rizal's first teacher. She was The Surname Rizal. The surname Rizal was also the first individual who noticed Rizal's the second surname adopted by the family. It was artistic inclination to writing, particularly the given to them by an alcalde mayor (provincial writing of poem. governor) who was a family friend. However, Later, they also hired other tutors for Rizal. The first the family seemed to have disregarded the said Rizal's First Poem. Throughout his life, Rizal one of these tutors was Maestro Celestino. He surname since they preferred to demonstrated an inclination to writing and an intuitive was succeeded by Maestro Lucas Padua. Leon use Mercado instead. literary sense. The poem Sa Aking mga Monroy was also employed by the family to give Kababata is usually attributed to him. However, him instruction on Spanish and Latin. many historians, such as Ambeth Ocampo, argue that Unfortunately, after living with the Rizal family for The death of little Concha (Concepcion) in this poem is rather a hoax, not likely written by Rizal. five months, the old Leon Monroy died. 1865 brought Rizal his first sorrow for he adored and loved her the most. Early Education in Calamba, Laguna Early Education in Biñan, Laguna February 1872 End of Biñan Schooling. Before the Christmas season in Jose Goes to Biñan. After being home-schooled 1870, Jose received a letter from his sister Saturnina talking for some time, Rizal was then sent by his parents to about the arrival of a steamship named Talim. The arrival of Martydom of study in a private school in Biñan, Laguna in June the steamship marked the end of his schooling Biñan. GOMBURZA. The 1869. injustice committed by the Spanish authorities Painting Lessons in Biñan. In a nearby studio against the GOMBURZA owned by an old painter named Juancho, Jose awakened the nationalistic frequently received instruction to further enhance sentiment upon the young and cultivate his painting skills. Jose, especially as his beloved brother was a Best Student in School. In terms of academics, friend and student of Fr. Jose was able to beat all the other Biñan boys. Jose Burgos. Injustice to the Hero's Mother. Doña Teodora was imprisoned for about two and a Four months after the martyrdom of Four months after the martyrdom of Gomburza and with Gomburza and with Doña Teodora still in Doña Teodora still in prison, Jose, who had not yet half years due to a false prison, Jose, who had not yet reached his reached his eleventh birthday, was sent to Manila. He accusation made by her eleventh birthday, was sent to Manila. He studied in the Ateneo Municipal, a college under the sister-in-law. This injustice was studied in the Ateneo Municipal de supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. made possible by her sister's-in- law connivance with a lieutenant Manila, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. In Ateneo, the class is divided into two: the Roman of the Guardia Civil. She was Empire, consisting of the internos (boarders) and the arrested by this lieutenant and the Carthaginian Empire, consisting of the externos gobernadorcillo of Calamba At first, Rizal took the entrance exam at the (non-boarders). In each empire, the highest rank is the Antonio Vivencio del Rosario and College of San Juan de Letran, which he emperor, the best student in each group. Any student was made to walk from Calamba passed. However, Rizal's father changed his Doña Teodora Alonso from each group may rose to the highest rank by deposing to Sta. Cruz. mind. He wanted Rizal to study in the Ateneo all the other officers one after another. instead. 1872 June 1872 Early Education in Ateneo Municipal de Manila Photo is a prewar postcard shared by Ambeth Marker at the original campus of the Ateneo de Manila Ocampo featuring a grand staircase of Ateneo’s University in Intramuros, Manila former campus in Intramuros.  Rizal rapidly progressed in the class, and after one month he became an emperor of his group. He also took private lessons to improve his Spanish at the Santa Isabel College during Summer Vacation (1873). During the summer Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874). During his noon recesses. In the second half of his first year, vacation of 1873, Rizal went back to Calamba. He was second year in Ateneo, Rizal work harder in his studies he did not try hard enough to retain his academic melancholic during this summer vacation because his and once again gained the title of emperor. He also got supremacy because he resented some remarks of mother was still in prison in Sta. Cruz, Laguna. excellent grades in all his subjects and was awarded with his professor, although he was still second in his Without telling his father, Rizal visited his mother in Sta. a gold medal. He returned to Calamba in March 1874, class. Cruz and told her of his academic triumphs in Ateneo. triumphant and victorious in his academic endeavors. Early Education in Ateneo Municipal de Manila Prophecy of Mother's Release. During the Third Year in Ateneo (1875-1876). Shortly after the Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-1876). In his fourth summer vacation of 1874, Rizal again visited his start of classes in Ateneo, Doña Teodora arrived and year in Ateneo, Rizal became a student of Fr. Francisco mother. He shared to her stories about his stay in informed his son about his release from prison. Naturally, Paula de Sanchez. Fr. Sanchez inspired Rizal to study Ateneo. Rizal also prophetically interpreted his Rizal was happy to know that his mother was once again a harder and write poetry. Such was the inspiration he got mother's dream. Rizal interpreted it as a free woman. While his grades remained excellent, he did from Fr. Sanchez that he resumed his vigor and zest in his premonition to his mother's ultimate release in not perform with the same degree of academic rigor as in academic endeavor in Ateneo. At the end of the term, three months’ time. True enough, Rizal's mother the previous year. Rizal himself was not impressed by his Rizal again got excellent grades in all his subjects and would be released barely three months after that own scholastic work. In March 1875, he returned to obtained five medals, in comparison to only one in the visit. Calamba for the summer vacation. previous year. He proudly presented his five medals and excellent ratings to his family during his summer vacation in 1876.  Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo. Poems Written in Ateneo. Aside from his academic inclination, Rizal also It was Doña Teodora, Rizal's Third Year in Ateneo (1875-1876). Shortly mother, who first discovered excelled in other extra-curricular activities. He after the start of classes in Ateneo, Doña Rizal's poetic genius. She was was member and, later secretary of the Teodora arrived and informed his son about his also the first to encourage Rizal Marian Congregation. He was also a release from prison. Naturally, Rizal was happy to write poem. However, it member of the Academy of Spanish to know that his mother was once again a free was Fr. Francisco Paula Literature and Academy of Natural woman. While his grades remained excellent, Sanchez who encouraged and Sciences. In his leisure hours, Rizal also he did not perform with the same degree of guided Rizal to make full use of cultivated his literary talent under the guidance academic rigor as in the previous year. Rizal his talent in writing poems. of Father Sanchez. He also studied painting himself was not impressed by his own scholastic under the famous Spanish painter named The first poem that he wrote work. In March 1875, he returned to Calamba Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez Agustin Saez and trained in sculptor under during his Atenean days was Mi for the summer vacation. the guidance of Romualdo de Jesus. Rizal Primera Inspiracion (My also engaged in gymnastics and fencing. First Inspiration). Rizal’s First Love Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas First Romance of Rizal. Rizal's first romance Mother's Opposition to Higher Education. Doña Teodora Rizal Finishes Surveying in Ateneo was Segunda Katigbak. They first met when he was opposed to the pursuit of Jose Rizal's higher education. She was (1878). While pursuing his university visited his maternal grandmother's house. During afraid that if he learned more, it would cost his life. However, education in UST, Rizal also took a vocational that visit, Segunda was one of his grandmother's despite his mother's opposition, with the support of his brother and course leading to the title of expert visitors. The other guests, knowing Rizal's skill at father, Rizal pursued his university education at the University of surveyor. He was able to finish the course painting, asked Rizal to draw Segunda Katigbak to Santo Tomas. and excelled in all subjects, obtaining gold which Rizal reluctantly complied. After that brief medals in agriculture and topography. meeting, Segunda and Rizal frequently met when Aside from the surveying course, Rizal also Rizal visited his sister Olimpia at the La Concordia Rizal Enters the University. In UST, Rizal first took a course on frequented Ateneo because of his loyalty with College. While their fondness for one another was Philosophy and Letters. Uncertain of what career he would the institution. He continued to perform apparent, their love story did not flourish because pursue, Rizal sought the advice of the rector of Ateneo. However, extra-curricular activities in Ateneo, such as Segunda was already engaged and Rizal was too the rector was unable to respond immediately. Later, when the the active participation in the Academy of timid and shy to confess to her. rector responded, he encouraged Rizal to pursue a career on Spanish Literature and Academy of medicine, which advice Rizal heeded. Natural Sciences, and the Marian Congregation. After his medical studies in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris to work as After staying for four months in Paris, Rizal reluctantly In the mountainous Wilhelmsfeld, a village near an assistant to a leading French ophthalmologist Dr. Louis de left Paris for Heidelberg. There in Heidelberg, he briefly Heidelberg, Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation Weckert. He worked there for a period of four months. stayed in a boarding house with some German law with the family of Pastor Dr. Karl Ullmer. Rizal wrote students. Later, he transferred to another boarding the final chapters of Noli me Tangere during his stay house near the University of Heidelberg. He then here, although it was not yet in its final form. worked at the Heidelberg University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker Nov. 1885-Feb. 1886 February 1886-August 1886, except when he stayed in April 1886-June 1886 Wilhelmsfeld for a summer vacation (April-June 1886) The Ullmer residence Rizal in Paris, France Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany Rizal in Wilhelmsfeld (Wilhelmsfeld) University of Heidelberg Dr. Louis de Weckert. Dr. Otto Becker, the Director of Heidelberg University Clinic Wilhelmsfeld, Germany when Rizal worked there. On August 9, 1886, Rizal boarded a train and left In Berlin, he met the following scientists and scholars: Heidelberg. For several days, he visited various German On October 29, 1886, Rizal moved to the city of 1. Dr. Feodor Jagor-German scientist traveler; cities. On August 14, 1886, he reached Leipzig, Dresden and stayed there for two days. 2. Dr. Rudolf Virchow-German anthropologist; Germany. Because of its cheap cost of living, Rizal 3. Dr. Hans Virchow-a professor of descriptive anatomy, son of would stay in Leipzig for two and a half months. October 29-November 1, 1886 Rudolf; 4. Dr. W. Joest-noted German geographer; August 1886-October 1886 5. Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger-German ophthalmologist, Rizal in Dresden Rizal worked under him. Rizal in Leipzig Rizal also joined several scientific societies in Berlin: Leipzig, Germany Skyline of Dresden 1. Anthropological Society of Berlin; 2. Ethnological Society of Berlin; and 3. Geographical Society of Berlin November 1, 1886-May 11, 1887 Rizal in Berlin Dr. Karl Schweigger Wilhelm Joest Dr. Feodor Jagor Dr. Rudolf Virchow  Rizal spent his 1886 winter in Berlin. This winter was an unfortunate period in his life. He was penniless since his During the printing of Noli, the police chief of Berlin family was unable to send him money. He was also sick because of lack of proper nourishment, only eating one meal visited Rizal. The police chief wanted to see Rizal's passport. But since he did not have any, he was instructed in a day. to secure a passport. Rizal, then, accompanied by Maximo During his unfortunate stay in Berlin during the winter of Viola, went to the Spanish embassy to get the said passport. 1886, good news, through a telegram, reached Rizal. Maximo However, he failed to secure a passport until the expiration Viola would visit his friend in Berlin. Viola would then of the four-day ultimatum. Instead, he presented himself provide the needed funds for the printing of the Noli. Finally, to the police chief and explained his frequent travels in Rizal was able to finish the Noli bound for printing in various places in Germany and Europe. His eloquent use of February 21, 1887. the German language and explanation satisfied the police Maximo Viola chief. The Noli me Tangere came off the press on March 21, 1887. He sent the first copies of the novel to his intimate friends. November 1886-May 1887 Berlin, Germany Rizal in Berlin  After crossing the Danube River, they visited On May 11, 1887, Rizal and Viola various Austrian and German cities, such as, Linz, began their grand tour of Europe. Salzburg, Munich, Nuremberg, Ulm, Stuttgart, Baden. On May 20, 1887, Rizal and Viola arrived in the In May 13, 1887, during their tour around beautiful city of Vienna, the capital of Austria- From Germany, they travelled to Europe, Rizal met Blumentritt for the first Hungary. Armed with a letter of recommendation Switzerland and visited various Swiss cities, time. Rizal and Viola were warmly written by Bluementritt, they met Norfenfals, one such as, Schaffhausen, Basel, Bern, welcomed in the Blumentritt household of the greatest novelists in Europe during that time. Lausanne, and Geneva. where they stayed until May 16, 1887. (It was in Leitmeritz). On June 23, 1887, Rizal and Viola After their stay in Leitmeritz, they proceeded to On May 24, 1887, Rizal and parted ways. Viola returned to Prague. With the letter of recommendation Viola left Vienna and boarded a Barcelona and Rizal continued the written by Dr. Blumentritt, they were warmly boat to see the beautiful tour to Italy. Rizal visited Turin, welcomed by Dr. Heinrich Moritz Willkomm, sightings of the Danube River. Milan, Venice, and Florence, professor of natural history in the University of Rome, and Vatican. Prague. They visited some tourist spots in Prague. Rizal and Viola Touring Europe (May 11-4th week of June 1886) Prague, Czech Republic (Capital) Ferdinand Blumentritt (Pencil Sketch by Rizal) Leitmeritz, Czech Republic Vienna, Austria Danube River  Although Rizal was warned by his brother and intimate After weeks from his arrival, Rizal received a Archbishop Pedro Payo sent a copy friends not to return home, he still insisted on the letter from Governor-General Terrero requesting of Noli to Father Rector Gregorio following grounds: 1. to operate on his mother's eyes, him to appear in the Malacañang Palace. Echavarria. He asked that a 2. to serve his people, 3. to find out for himself how his Rizal appeared before the Governor-General. He committee be formed to examine Noli and other writings were affecting Filipinos and denied the charge that the novel contained the book for subversive ideas. This Spaniards in the Philippines, 4. and to inquire why subversive ideas. Satisfied with Rizal's explanation, committee in turn found heretic and Leonor Rivera remained silent. the governor asked for its copy. subversive ideas in Noli. He arrived in Manila in August 05, 1887 and returned to Calamba on August 08, 1887. Afterwards, Rizal visited the Jesuits fathers, Another committee, Permanent especially his former professors. He asked Commission of Censorship, was also Later, he established his own medical clinic in from them a copy of his book, but they did asked by the governor-general to Calamba and was then called Doctor Uliman. not want to part from it. examine Rizal's Noli. But this Soon, he was able to acquire a lucrative medical When the governor was finally able to committee reached a similar practice. acquire a copy of the book, he was able to conclusion. They suggested the He also established a gymnasium for the youth. conclude that Rizal's life was in great prohibition of its importation, However, he failed to see Leonor Rivera. jeopardy. Hence, he assigned a bodyguard publication, and circulation. for Rizal. Rizal’s First Homecoming in Calamba (August 08, 1887-February 03, 1887) Rizal Shrine in Calamba Malacañang Palace Leonor Rivera Governor-General Emilio Terrero Archbishop Pedro Payo  On February 03, 1888, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board of Zafiro. On February 22, 1888, Rizal left Hong He arrived in Hong Kong on February Kong on board the Oceanic, an American Influenced by the Noli, Governor Terrero 08, 1888. steamer. His destination was Japan. ordered a government investigation of the friar estates. Rizal then, upon the request of In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed at Victoria the people, wrote his findings. These findings Hotel. He was welcomed by the Filipino were signed by the tenants and three hacienda residents. officials. This report actually infuriated the friars even more. On February 18, 1889, accompanied by Jose Maria Basa, Rizal boarded the steamer Kiu-Kiang for Macao. Rizal’s First Homecoming in Calamba (August 08, 1887-February 03, 1888) Rizal in Hong Kong Rizal's exposure of the deplorable condition of the friar estates further infuriated the church authorities. He was then urged by his friends, family, and intimates to leave the country lest he would lose his head for it. Although he was hesitant at first, he was ultimately encouraged by Gov. Gen. Terrero to leave the Philippines.  Rizal arrived in Yokohama on February 28, 1888 and stayed in the Grand Hotel. Rizal went to Tokyo and stayed there. Shortly after his arrival in Tokyo, Rizal was visited by Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish legation. Caballero invited Rizal to stay in the Spanish legation. Rizal acceded to the request because of the following reasons: 1. It would economize his stay in Tokyo and 2. He has nothing to hide from the Spanish authorities. Juan Perez Caballero In general, Rizal had a favorable impression of Tokyo. However, there was one thing the he did not like about it. The prevalence of rickshaws as the mode of transportation in the city. February 28-April 13, 1888 Japan Rizal in Japan A few days after Rizal's stay in the Spanish legation, a beautiful woman caught his attention. After inquiring from the employees of the legation, he was able to identify that it was Seiko Usui (whom he called as O-Sei-San). One afternoon, Rizal introduced himself to O-Sei-San. After haltingly introducing himself in Japanese, he discovered that the girl knew English and French. Hence, the language barrier was eliminated. From then on, they toured many tourist spots in the city. Soon, they fell deeply in love with one another. On April 13, 1888 Rizal boarded the steamer Belgic, an English steamer in Yokohama, bound for the United States. Rickshaws in Japan O-Sei-San/Seiku Usui  Port of San Francisco, SS Belgic California (presently) Rizal arrived in San Francisco, California on April 28, 1888. All the From San Francisco to New York passengers of the steamer Belgic were not allowed to land. The American authorities reasoned that this was a precaution supposedly owing to an epidemic in the Far East. However, this claim was contrary to Rizal's On May 13, 1888, Rizal reached New York, thus ending his trip across the American observations. Ultimately, Rizal deduced that this inconvenience was continent. He stayed for three days in this city. On May 16, 1888, he boarded City of Rome merely politically motivated. leaving New York for Liverpool. Rizal in United States Good impression of Rizal about the US: On May 06, 1888, Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland. In 1. Material progress of the country; Oakland, he boarded the train 2. Drive and energy of the American people; for his trip across the continent. 3. The natural beauty of the land; 4. The high standard of living; 5. Opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants; Bad impression of Rizal about US: Port of San Francisco, 1. Lack of racial equality California (late 1800s)  London British Museum in London Early in September, Rizal visited Paris for a week in order to After visiting the United States, Rizal went to search for more historical sources in the Bibliotheque Nationale. London and stayed there from May 1888 to March On May 25, 1888, Rizal went to London and was for a He was entertained by Juan Luna and his wife, Paz Pardo de 1889. He chose London for the following reasons: short period of time stayed in the house of Dr. Antonio Tavera, in Paris. On December 11, 1888, he went to Spain and 1. to improve his knowledge of the English Maria Regidor. Later, he moved to another boarding house visited Barcelona and Madrid. He contacted Mariano Ponce and language, 2. he heard that a copy of Morga's owned by the Becket Family. In his stay in London, he Marcelo H. del Pilar. He then committed to work closely with Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas was available in the came to know, Reinhold Rost, the then librarian of the them with regards to the reform or propaganda movement in British Museum, 3. London was a safe place for him Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Spain. to carry his fight against Spanish tyranny. Rizal in London He reached Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888. He stayed in this city for one day. The most important work that Rizal did during his stay in London was the annotation of Dr. Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinos (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands), which was published in Mexico in 1609. For about ten months (May 1888-March 1888), Rizal was deeply immersed with his historical studies in London. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas From Liverpool to London Modern-day Port of Liverpool  On March 19, 1889, Rizal left London for Paris. Before finally leaving London, he was able to finish four sculptural works: 1. The Triumph of Death Over Life, 2. Prometheus Bound, 3. The Triumph of Science Over Death, 4. Composite carvings of the heads of the Becket sisters. The Prometheus Bound fourth was a gift for the Becket sisters and the first and the third Marcelo H. Del Pilar Graciano Lopez Jaena were sent to Blumentritt. While he was busy with his historical studies in London, he Rizal’s Writings in London: Rizal's first article in the La Solidaridad was learned that an organization called Asociacion La Solidaridad entitled Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino 1. La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray was formed by Filipino patriots in Spain. This organization or Farmers). It was published in March 25, 1889, six Rodriguez) - pamphlet; written using his pen-name association made Rizal an honorary president. In response to days after he left London for Paris. It depicted the Dimas-alang; published in Barcelona this unanimous support, he wrote a letter addressed for the deplorable condition in the Philippines which caused 2. Letter to the Young Women of Malolos - It was written organization. The organization was inaugurated on December the backwardness of the country. on February 22, 1889 in Tagalog. 31, 1888. 3. Rizal in London On February 15, 1889, Graciano Lopez Jaena founded Rizal had a romantic relationship with the eldest daughter of the Beckets, the patriotic newspaper La Solidaridad, which served as Gertrude Becket (or Gettie). the organ of the propaganda movement in Spain. However, Rizal suppressed his feelings for Gettie and decided to go away. Gertrude Becket (Gettie) The Triumph of Death Over Life An Issue of La Solidaridad The Triumph of Death Over Life