Tillery Physical Science Test Bank PDF

TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS SCIENCE? 13. The equation ρ = _mV is a statement that a. describes a property. 1. A generalized mental image of an object is a (an)...

TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS SCIENCE? 13. The equation ρ = _mV is a statement that a. describes a property. 1. A generalized mental image of an object is a (an) b. defines how variables can change. a. definition. c. describes how properties change. b. impression. d. identifies the proportionality constant. c. concept. d. mental picture 14. Measurement information that is used to describe something is called 2. Which of the following is the best example of the use of a a. referents. referent? b. properties. a. A red bicycle c. data. b. Big as a dump truck d. a scientific investigation. c. The planet Mars d. Your textbook 15. If you consider a very small portion of a material that is the same throughout, the density of the small sample will be 3. A well-defined and agreed-upon referent used as a a. much less. standard in all systems of measurement is called a b. slightly less. a. yardstick. c. the same. b. unit. d. greater. c. quantity. d. fundamental. 16. The symbol Δ has a meaning of a. “is proportional to.” 4. The system of measurement based on referents in nature, b. “the change in.” but not with respect to human body parts, is the c. “therefore.” a. natural system. d. “however.” b. English system. c. metric system. 17. A model is d. American system. a. a physical copy of an object or system made at a smaller scale. 5. A process of comparing a property to a well-defined and b. a sketch of something complex used to solve problems. agreed-upon referent is called a c. an interpretation of a theory by use of an equation. a. measurement. d. All of the above are models. b. referral. c. magnitude. 18. The use of a referent in describing a property always d. comparison. implies a. a measurement. 6. One of the following is not considered to be a fundamental b. naturally occurring concepts. property: c. a comparison with a similar property of another object. a. weight. d. that people have the same understandings of concepts. b. length. c. time. 19. A 5 km span is the same as how many meters? d. charge. a. 0.005 m b. 0.05 m 7. How much space something occupies is described by its c. 500 m a. mass. d. 5,000 m b. volume. c. density. 20. One-half liter of water is the same volume as d. weight. a. 5,000 mL. b. 0.5 cc. 8. The relationship between two numbers that is usually c. 500 cm3 obtained by dividing one number by the other is called a (an) d. 5 dm3 a. ratio. b. divided size..21. Which of the following is not a measurement? c. number tree. a. 24°C d. equation. b. 65 mph c. 120 9. The ratio of mass per volume of a substance is called its d. 0.50 ppm a. weight. b. weight-volume. 22. What happens to the surface-area-to-volume ratio as the c. mass-volume. volume of a cube becomes larger? d. density. a. It remains the same. b. It increases. 10. After identifying the appropriate equation, the next step in c. It decreases. correctly solving a problem is to d. The answer varies. a. substitute known quantities for symbols. b. solve the equation for the variable in question. 23. If one variable increases in value while a second, related c. separate the number and units. variable decreases in value, the relationship is said to be d. convert all quantities to metric units. a. direct. b. inverse. 11. Suppose a problem situation describes a speed in km/h c. square. and a d. inverse square. length in m. What conversion should you do before substituting quantities for symbols? Convert 24. What is needed to change a proportionality statement a. km/h to km/s. into an equation? b. m to km. a. Include a proportionality constant. c. km/h to m/s. b. Divide by an unknown to move the symbol to left side of d. In this situation, no conversions should be made. the equal symbol. c. Add units to one side to make units equal. 12. An equation describes a relationship where d. Add numbers to one side to make both sides equal. a. the numbers and units on both sides are proportional but not equal. 25. A proportionality constant b. the numbers on both sides are equal but not the units. a. always has a unit. c. the units on both sides are equal but not the numbers. b. never has a unit. d. the numbers and units on both sides are equal. c. might or might not have a unit. TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS 26. A scientific investigation provides understanding through d. The answer varies. a. explanations based on logical thinking processes alone. b. experimental evidence. 38. Compare the density of ice to the density of water. The c. reasoned explanations based on observations. density of ice is d. diligent obeying of scientific laws. a. less. b. the same. 27. Statements describing how nature is observed to behave c. greater. consistently time after time are called scientific d. The answer varies. a. theories. b. laws. 39. A beverage glass is filled to the brim with ice-cold water c. models. (0°C) and ice cubes. Some of the ice cubes are floating d. hypotheses. above the water level. When the ice melts, the water in the glass will 28. A controlled experiment comparing two situations has all a. spill over the brim. identical influencing factors except the b. stay at the same level. a. experimental variable. c. be less full than before the ice melted. b. control variable. c. inverse variable. 40. What is the proportional relationship between the volume d. direct variable. of juice in a cup and the time the juice dispenser has been running? 29. In general, scientific investigations have which activities a. direct in common? b. inverse a. State problem, gather data, make hypothesis, test, make c. square conclusion. d. inverse square b. Collect observations, develop explanations, test explanations. 41. What is the proportional relationship between the number c. Observe nature, reason an explanation for what is of cookies in the cookie jar and the time you have been observed. eating the cookies? d. Observe nature, collect data, modify data to fit scientific a. direct model. b. inverse c. square 30. Quantities, or measured properties, that are capable of d. inverse square changing values are called a. data. 42. A movie projector makes a 1 m by 1 m image when b. variables. projecting 1 m from a screen, a 2 m by 2 m image when c. proportionality constants. projecting 2 m from the screen, and a 3 m by 3 m image d. dimensionless constants. when projecting 3 m from the screen. What is the proportional relationship between the distance from the 31. A proportional relationship that is represented by the screen and the area of the image? symbols a ∝ 1/b represents which of the following a. direct relationships? b. inverse a. direct proportion c. square b. inverse proportion d. inverse square c. direct square proportion d. inverse square proportion 43. A movie projector makes a 1 m by 1 m image when projecting 1 m from a screen, a 2 m by 2 m image when 32. A hypothesis concerned with a specific phenomenon is projecting 2 m from the screen, and a 3 m by 3 m image found to be acceptable through many experiments over a when projecting 3 m from the screen. What is the long period of time. This hypothesis usually becomes known proportional relationship between the distance from the as a screen and the intensity of the light falling on the screen? a. scientific law. a. direct b. scientific principle. b. inverse c. theory. c. square d. model. d. inverse square 33. A scientific law can be expressed as 44. According to the scientific method, what needs to be a. a written concept. done to move beyond conjecture or simple hypotheses in a b. an equation. person’s understanding of his or her physical surroundings? c. a graph. a. Make an educated guess. d. all of the above. b. Conduct a controlled experiment. c. Find an understood model with answers. 34. The symbol ∝ has a meaning of d. Search for answers on the Internet. a. “almost infinity.” b. “the change in.” Answers c. “is proportional to.” 1. c 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. d 10. b 11. c 12. d 13. d. “therefore.” a 14. c 15. c 16. b 17. d 18. c 19. d 20. c 21. c 22. c 23. b 24. a 25. c 26. b 27. b 28. a 29. b 30. b 31. b 32. a 33. d 34. c 35. Which of the following symbols represents a measured 35. b 36. b 37. a 38. a 39. b 40. a 41. b 42. c 43. d 44. b property of the compactness of matter? a. m CHAPTER 2: MOTION b. ρ c. V 1. A straight-line distance covered during a certain amount of d. Δ time describes an object’s a. speed. 36. A candle with a certain weight melts in an oven, and the b. velocity. resulting weight of the wax is c. acceleration. a. less. d. any of the above. b. the same. c. greater. 2. How fast an object is moving in a particular direction is d. The answer varies. described by a. speed. 37. An ice cube with a certain volume melts, and the b. velocity. resulting volume of water is c. acceleration. a. less. d. none of the above. b. the same. c. greater. TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS 3. Acceleration occurs when an object undergoes d. the net force equals zero. a. a speed increase. b. a speed decrease. 15. The basic difference between instantaneous and c. a change in the direction of travel. average speed is that d. any of the above. a. instantaneous speed is always faster than average speed. b. average speed is for a total distance over a total time of 4. A car moving at 60 km/h comes to a stop in 10 s when the trip. driver slams on the brakes. In this situation, what does 60 c. average speed is the sum of two instantaneous speeds, km/h represent? divided by 2. a. Average speed d. the final instantaneous speed is always the fastest speed. b. Final speed c. Initial speed 16. Does any change in the motion of an object result in an d. Constant speed acceleration? a. Yes. 5. A car moving at 60 km/h comes to a stop in 10 s when the b. No. driver slams on the brakes. In this situation, what is the fi nal c. It depends on the type of change. speed? a. 60 km/h 17. A measure of how fast your speed is changing as you b. 0 km/h travel to campus is a measure of c. 0.017 km/s a. velocity. d. 0.17 km/s b. average speed. c. acceleration. 6. According to Galileo, an object moving without opposing d. the diff erence between initial and fi nal speed. friction or other opposing forces will a. still need a constant force to keep it moving at a constant 18. Considering the forces on the system of you and a speed. bicycle as you pedal the bike at a constant velocity in a b. need an increasing force, or it will naturally slow and then horizontal straight line, come to a complete stop. a. the force you are exerting on the pedal is greater than the c. continues moving at a constant speed. resisting forces. d. undergoes a gradual acceleration. b. all forces are in balance, with the net force equal to zero. c. the resisting forces of air and tire friction are less than the 7. In free fall, an object is seen to have a (an) force you are exerting. a. constant velocity. d. the resisting forces are greater than the force you are b. constant acceleration. exerting. c. increasing acceleration. d. decreasing acceleration. 19. Newton’s first law of motion describes a. the tendency of a moving or stationary object to resist any 8. A tennis ball is hit, causing it to move upward from the change in its state of motion. racket at some angle to the horizon before it curves back to b. a relationship between an applied force, the mass, and the the surface in the path of a parabola. While it moves along resulting change of motion that occurs from the force. this path c. how forces always occur in matched pairs. a. the horizontal speed remains the same. d. none of the above. b. the vertical speed remains the same. c. both the horizontal and vertical speeds remain the same. 20. You are standing freely on a motionless shuttle bus. d. both the horizontal and vertical speeds change. When the shuttle bus quickly begins to move forward, you a. is moved to the back of the shuttle bus as you move 9. A quantity of 5 m/s2 is a measure of forward over the surface of Earth. a. metric area. b. stay in one place over the surface of Earth as the shuttle b. acceleration. bus moves from under you. c. speed. c. moves along with the shuttle bus. d. velocity. d. feels a force toward the side of the shuttle bus. 10. An automobile has how many different devices that can 21. Mass is measured in kilograms, which is a measure of cause it to undergo acceleration? a. weight. a. None b. force. b. One c. inertia. c. Two d. quantity of matter. d. Three or more 22. Which metric unit is used to express a measure of 11. Ignoring air resistance, an object falling toward the weight? surface of Earth has a velocity that is a. kg a. constant. b. J b. increasing. c. N c. decreasing. d. m/s2 d. acquired instantaneously but dependent on the weight of the object. 23. Newton’s third law of motion states that forces occur in matched pairs that act in opposite directions between two 12. Ignoring air resistance, an object falling near the surface different bodies. This happens of Earth has an acceleration that is a. rarely. a. constant. b. sometimes. b. increasing. c. often but not always. c. decreasing. d. every time two bodies interact. d. dependent on the weight of the object. 24. If you double the unbalanced force on an object of a 13. Two objects are released from the same height at the given mass, the acceleration will be same time, and one has twice the weight of the other. a. doubled. Ignoring air resistance, b. increased fourfold. a. the heavier object hits the ground first. c. increased by one-half. b. the lighter object hits the ground first. d. increased by one-fourth. c. they both hit at the same time. d. whichever hits first depends on the distance dropped. 25. If you double the mass of a cart while it is undergoing a constant unbalanced force, the acceleration will be 14. A ball rolling across the floor slows to a stop because a. doubled. a. there is a net force acting on it. b. increased fourfold. b. the force that started it moving wears out. c. one-half as much. c. the forces are balanced. TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS d. one-fourth as much. groceries and cart. Neglecting friction, doubling the mass would have what effect on the resulting final speed if you 26. Doubling the distance between the centre of an orbiting used the same force for the same satellite and the centre of Earth will result in what change in length of time? The new final speed would be the gravitational attraction of Earth for the satellite? a. one-fourth. a. One-half as much b. one-half. b. One-fourth as much c. doubled. c. Twice as much d. quadrupled. d. Four times as much 37. You are moving a grocery cart at a constant speed in a 27. If a ball swinging in a circle on a string is moved twice as straight line down the aisle of a store. For this situation, the fast, the force on the string will be forces on the cart are a. twice as great. a. unbalanced, in the direction of the movement. b. four times as great. b. balanced, with a net force of zero. c. one-half as much. c. equal to the force of gravity acting on the cart. d. one-fourth as much. d. greater than the frictional forces opposing the motion of the cart. 28. A ball is swinging in a circle on a string when the string length is doubled. At the same velocity, the force on the 38. You are outside a store, moving a loaded grocery cart string will be down the street on a very steep hill. It is difficult, but you are a. twice as great. able to pull back on the handle and keep the cart moving b. four times as great. down the street in a straight line and at a constant speed. c. one-half as much. For this situation, the forces on the cart are d. one-fourth as much. a. unbalanced, in the direction of the movement. b. balanced, with a net force of zero. 29. Suppose the mass of a moving scooter is doubled and its c. equal to the force of gravity acting on the cart. velocity is also doubled. The resulting momentum is d. greater than the frictional forces opposing the motion of a. halved. the cart. b. doubled. c. quadrupled. 39. Neglecting air resistance, a ball in free fall near Earth’s d. the same. surface will have a. constant speed and constant acceleration. 30. Two identical moons are moving in identical circular b. increasing speed and increasing acceleration. paths, but one moon is moving twice as fast as the other. c. increasing speed and decreasing acceleration. Compared to the slower moon, the centripetal force required d. increasing speed and constant acceleration. to keep the faster moon on the path is a. twice as much. 40. From a bridge, a ball is thrown straight up at the same b. one-half as much. time a ball is thrown straight down with the same initial c. four times as much. speed. Neglecting air resistance, which ball will have a d. one-fourth as much. greater speed when it hits the ground? a. The one thrown straight up. 31. Which undergoes a greater change of momentum, a golf b. The one thrown straight down. ball or the head of a golf club, when the ball is hit from a golf c. Both balls would have the same speed. tee? a. The ball undergoes a greater change. 41. After being released, a ball thrown straight up from a b. The head of the club undergoes a greater change. bridge will have an acceleration of c. Both undergo the same change but in opposite directions. a. 9.8 m/s2 d. The answer depends on how fast the club is moved. b. zero. c. less than 9.8 m/s2 32. Newton’s law of gravitation tells us that d. more than 9.8 m/s2 a. planets are attracted to the Sun’s magnetic field. b. objects and bodies have weight only on the surface of.42. A gun is aimed horizontally at the centre of an apple Earth. hanging from a tree. The instant the gun is fi red, the apple c. every object in the universe is attracted to every other falls and the bullet object in the universe. a. hits the apple. d. only objects in the solar system are attracted to Earth. b. arrives late, missing the apple. c. arrives early, missing the apple. 33. An astronaut living on a space station that is orbiting d. may or may not hit the apple, depending on how fast it is Earth will moving. a. experience zero gravity. b. weigh more than she did on Earth. 43. According to the third law of motion, which of the c. be in free fall, experiencing apparent weightlessness. following must be true about a car pulling a trailer? d. weighs the same as she would on the Moon. a. The car pulls on the trailer and the trailer pulls on the car with an equal and opposite force. Therefore, the net force is 34. A measure of the force of gravity acting on an object is zero and the trailer cannot move. called b. Since they move forward, this means the car is pulling a. gravitational force. harder on the trailer than the trailer is pulling on the car. b. weight. c. The action force from the car is quicker than the reaction c. mass. force from the trailer, so they move forward. d. acceleration. d. The action-reaction forces between the car and trailer are equal, but the force between the ground and car pushes 35. You are at rest with a grocery cart at the supermarket them forward. when you see a checkout line open. You apply a certain force to the cart for a short time and acquire a certain speed. 44. A small sports car and a large SUV collide head on and Neglecting friction, how long would you have to push with stick together without sliding. Which vehicle had the larger one-half the force to acquire the same final speed? momentum change? a. One-fourth as long a. The small sports car. b. One-half as long b. The large SUV. c. Twice as long c. It would be equal for both. d. Four times as long 45. Again consider the small sports car and large SUV that 36. Once again you are at rest with a grocery cart at the collided head on and stuck together without sliding. Which supermarket when you apply a certain force to the cart for a vehicle must have experienced the larger deceleration during short time and acquire a certain speed. Suppose you had the collision? bought more groceries, enough to double the mass of the a. The small sports car. TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS b. The large SUV. d. neither a nor b. c. It would be equal for both. 10. Potential energy and kinetic energy are created when 46. An orbiting satellite is moved from 10,000 to 30,000 km work is done to change a position (PE) or a state of motion from Earth. This will result in what change in the gravitational (KE). Ignoring friction, how does the amount of work done to attraction between Earth and the satellite? make the change compare to the amount of PE or KE a. None—the attraction is the same. created? b. One-half as much. a. Less energy is created. c. One-fourth as much. b. Both are the same. d. One-ninth as much. c. More energy is created. d. This cannot be generalized. 47. Newton’s law of gravitation considers the product of two masses because 11. Many forms of energy in use today can be traced back to a. the larger mass pulls harder on the smaller mass. a. the Sun. b. both masses contribute equally to the force of attraction. b. coal. c. the large mass is considered before the smaller mass. c. Texas. d. the distance relationship is one of an inverse square. d. petroleum. Answers 12. In all of our energy uses, we find that 1. a 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. d 11. b 12. a 13. a. the energy used is consumed. c 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. c 18. b 19. a 20. b 21. c 22. c 23. d 24. b. some forms of energy are consumed but not others. a 25. c 26. b 27. b 28. c 29. c 30. c 31. c 32. c 33. c 34. b 35. c. more energy is created than is consumed. c 36. b 37. b 38. b 39. d 40. c 41. a 42. a 43. d 44. c 45. a d. the total amount of energy is constant in all situations. 46. d 47. B 13. Any form of energy can be converted to another, but CHAPTER 3: ENERGY energy used on Earth usually ends up in what form? a. Electrical 1. According to the definition of mechanical work, pushing on b. Mechanical a rock accomplishes no work unless there is c. Nuclear a. movement. d. Radiant b. a net force. c. an opposing force. 14. Radiant energy can be converted to electrical energy d. movement in the same direction as the direction of the using force. a. lightbulbs. b. engines. 2. The metric unit of a joule (J) is a unit of c. solar cells. a. potential energy. d. electricity. b. work. c. kinetic energy. 15. The “barrel of oil” mentioned in discussions about d. any of the above. petroleum is a. 55 U.S. gallons. 3. A Nm/s is a unit of b. 42 U.S. gallons. a. work. c. 12 U.S. gallons. b. power. d. a variable quantity. c. energy. d. none of the above. 16. The amount of energy generated by hydroelectric plants in the United States as part of the total electrical energy is 4. A kilowatt-hour is a unit of a. fairly constant over the years. a. power. b. decreasing because new dams are not being constructed. b. work. c. increasing as more and more energy is needed. c. time. d. decreasing as dams are destroyed because of d. electrical charge. environmental concerns. 5. A power rating of 550 ft · lb per s is known as a 17. Fossil fuels provide what percent of the total energy a. watt. consumed in the United States today? b. newton. a. 25 percent c. joule. b. 50 percent d. horsepower. c. 86 percent d. 99 percent 6. A power rating of 1 joule per s is known as a a. watt. 18. Alternative sources of energy include b. newton. a. solar cells. c. joule. b. wind. d. horsepower. c. hydrogen. d. all of the above. 7. According to PE = mgh, gravitational potential energy is the same thing as 19. A renewable energy source is a. exerting a force through a distance in any direction. a. coal. b. the kinetic energy an object had before coming to a rest. b. biomass. c. work against a vertical change of position. c. natural gas. d. the momentum of a falling object. d. petroleum. 8. Two cars have the same mass, but one is moving three 20. The potential energy of a box on a shelf, relative to the times as fast as the other is. How much more work will be floor, is a measure of needed to stop the faster car? a. the work that was required to put the box on the shelf from a. The same amount. the floor. b. Twice as much. b. the weight of the box times the distance above the floor. c. Three times as much. c. the energy the box has because of its position above the d. Nine times as much. floor. d. all of the above. 9. Kinetic energy can be measured in terms of a. work done on an object to put it into motion. 21. A rock on the ground is considered to have zero potential b. work done on a moving object to bring it to rest. energy. In the bottom of a well, the rock would be considered c. both a and b. to have a. zero potential energy, as before. b. negative potential energy. TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS c. positive potential energy. a. Wind d. zero potential energy but would require work to bring it b. Burning of wood back to ground level. c. Photovoltaics d. Water from a geothermal spring 22. Which quantity has the greatest influence on the amount of kinetic energy that a large truck has while moving down 34. Today, the basic problem with using solar cells as a the highway? major source of electricity is a. Mass a. efficiency. b. Weight b. manufacturing cost. c. Velocity c. reliability. d. Size d. that the Sun does not shine at night. 23. Electrical energy can be converted to 35. The solar technology that makes more economic sense a. chemical energy. today than the other applications is b. mechanical energy. a. solar cells. c. radiant energy. b. power tower. d. any of the above. c. water heating. d. ocean thermal energy conversion. 24. Most all energy comes to and leaves Earth in the form of a. nuclear energy. 36. Petroleum is believed to have formed over time from b. chemical energy. buried c. radiant energy. a. pine trees. d. kinetic energy. b. plants in a swamp. c. organic sediments. 25. A spring-loaded paper clamp exerts a force of 2 N on 10 d. dinosaurs. sheets of paper it is holding tightly together. Is the clamp doing work as it holds the papers together? Answers a. Yes. 1. d 2. d 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. c 8. d 9. c 10. b 11. a 12. d 13. b. No. d 14. c 15. b 16. b 17. c 18. d 19. b 20. d 21. d 22. c 23. d 24. c 25. b 26. b 27. d 28. c 29. d 30. a 31. d 32. c 33. d 34. 26. The force exerted when doing work by lifting a book bag b 35. c 36. C against gravity is measured in units of a. kg. CHAPTER 4: HEAT AND TEMPERATURE b. N. c. W. 1. The Fahrenheit thermometer scale is d. J. a. more accurate than the Celsius scale. b. less accurate than the Celsius scale. 27. The work accomplished by lifting an object against c. sometimes more or less accurate, depending on the air gravity is measured in units of temperature. a. kg. d. no more accurate than the Celsius scale. b. N. c. W. 2. On the Celsius temperature scale d. J. a. zero means there is no temperature. b. 80° is twice as hot as 40°. 28. An iron cannonball and a bowling ball are dropped at the c. the numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water. same time from the top of a building. At the instant before d. there are more degrees than on the Fahrenheit scale. the balls hit the sidewalk, the heavier cannonball has a greater 3. Internal energy refers to the a. velocity. a. translational kinetic energy of gas molecules. b. acceleration. b. total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules. c. kinetic energy. c. total vibrational, rotational, and translational kinetic energy d. All of these are the same for the two balls. of molecules. d. average of all types of kinetic energy of the gas 29. Two students are poised to dive off equal-height diving molecules. towers into a swimming pool below. Student B is twice as massive as student A. Which of the following is true? 4. External energy refers to the a. Student B will reach the water sooner than student A. a. energy that changed the speed of an object. b. Both students have the same gravitational PE. b. energy of all the molecules making up an object. c. Both students will have the same KE just before hitting the c. total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object that water. you can measure directly. d. Student B did twice as much work climbing the tower. d. energy from an extra-terrestrial source. 30. A car is moving straight down a highway. What factor 5. Heat is the has the greatest influence on how much work must be done a. total internal energy of an object. on the car to bring it to a complete stop? b. average kinetic energy of molecules. a. How fast it is moving c. measure of potential energy of molecules. b. The weight of the car d. same thing as a very high temperature. c. The mass of the car d. The latitude of the location 6. The specific heat of copper is 0.093 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 cal/gC°. The same amount 31. Two identical cars are moving straight down a highway of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of copper under identical conditions, except car B is moving three and aluminum, will result in times as fast as car A. How much more work is needed to a. a higher temperature for copper. stop car B? b. a higher temperature for aluminum. a. Twice as much c. the same temperature for each metal. b. Three times as much d. unknown results. c. Six times as much d. Nine times as much 7. The specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/gC°, and the specific 32. When you do work on something, you give it energy heat of ice is 0.500 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy a. often. applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of water and ice, will b. sometimes. result in (assume the ice does not melt) c. every time. a. a greater temperature increase for the water. d. never. b. a greater temperature increase for the ice. c. the same temperature increase for each. 33. Which of the following is not the use of a solar energy technology? TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS d. unknown results. 0.2°C. 8. The transfer of heat that takes place by the movement of 20. Styrofoam is a good insulating material because groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy is a. it is a plastic material that conducts heat poorly. a. conduction. b. it contains many tiny pockets of air. b. convection. c. of the structure of the molecules that make it up. c. radiation. d. it is not very dense. d. sublimation 21. The transfer of heat that takes place because of density 9. The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving difference in fluids is through space is a. conduction. a. conduction. b. convection. b. convection. c. radiation. c. radiation. d. sublimation. d. none of the above. 10. The transfer of heat that takes place directly from 22. Latent heat is “hidden” because it molecule to molecule is a. goes into or comes out of internal potential energy. a. conduction. b. is a fluid (caloric) that cannot be sensed. b. convection. c. does not actually exist. c. radiation. d. is a form of internal kinetic energy. d. sublimation. 23. As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid, it 11. The evaporation of water cools the surroundings, and the a. releases heat while remaining at a constant temperature. condensation of this vapor b. absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature. a. does nothing. c. releases heat as the temperature decreases. b. warms the surroundings. d. absorbs heat as the temperature increases. c. increases the value of the latent heat of vaporization. d. decreases the value of the latent heat of vaporization. 24. A heat engine is designed to a. move heat from a cool source to a warmer location. 12. The heat involved in the change of phase from solid ice b. move heat from a warm source to a cooler location. to liquid water is called c. convert mechanical energy into heat. a. latent heat of vaporization. d. convert heat into mechanical energy. b. latent heat of fusion. c. latent heat of condensation. 25. The work that a heat engine is able to accomplish is d. none of the above. ideally equivalent to the a. difference between the heat supplied and the heat 13. The energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, rejected. minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change b. heat that was produced in the cycle. in internal energy. This statement describes the c. heat that appears in the exhaust gases. a. first law of thermodynamics. d. sum total of the heat input and the heat output. b. second law of thermodynamics. c. third law of thermodynamics. 26. Suppose ammonia is spilled in the back of a large room. If there were no air currents, how would the room 14. If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature influence how fast you would smell ammonia at temperature to a region of warmer temperature, you must the opposite side of the room? supply energy. This is described by the a. Warmer is faster. a. first law of thermodynamics. b. Cooler is faster. b. second law of thermodynamics. c. There would be no influence. c. third law of thermodynamics. 27. Which of the following contains the most heat? 15. More molecules are returning to the liquid state than are a. A bucket of water at 0°C. leaving he liquid state. This process is called b. A barrel of water at 0°C. a. boiling. c. Neither contains any heat since the temperature is zero. b. freezing. d. Both have the same amount of heat. c. condensation. d. melting. 28. Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect a. cold to move to where it is warmer, such as cold moving 16. The temperature of a gas is proportional to the into a warm house during the winter. a. average velocity of the gas molecules. b. heat movement from any higher-temperature region. b. internal potential energy of the gas. c. no energy movement unless it is hot enough, such as the c. number of gas molecules in a sample. d. average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. 29. The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because it 17. The temperature known as room temperature is nearest a. is stretchable and elastic. to b. has a low specific heat. a. 0°C. c. has a high specific heat. b. 20°C. d. has a white color. c. 60°C. d. 100°C. 30. The specific heat of copper is roughly three times as great as the specific heat of gold. Which of the following is 18. Using the Kelvin temperature scale, the freezing point of true for equal masses of copper and gold? water is correctly written as a. If the same amount of heat is applied, the copper will a. 0 K. become hotter. b. 0°K. b. Copper heats up three times as fast as gold. c. 273 K. c. A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the d. 273°K. same temperature. d. The melting temperature of copper is roughly three times 19. The specific heat of soil is 0.20 kcal/kgC°, and the that of gold. specific heat of water is 1.00 kcal/kgC°. This means that if 1 kg of soil and 1 kg of water each receives 1 kcal of energy, 31. Cooking pans made from which of the following metals ideally, would need less heat to achieve a certain cooking a. the water will be warmer than the soil by 0.8°C. temperature? b. the soil will be 4°C warmer than the water. a. Aluminum (specific heat 0.22 kcal/kgC°) c. the soil will be 5°C warmer than the water. b. Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°) d. the water will warm by 1°C, and the soil will warm by TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS c. Iron (specific heat 0.11 kcal/kgC°) 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. a 11. b 12. b 13. a 14. b15. c 16. d 17. b 18. c 19. b 20. b 21. b 22. a 23. b 24. 32. Conduction best takes place in a d 25. a 26. A 27. b 28. b 29. c 30. c 31. b 32. a 33. b 34. d a. solid. 35. c 36. c 37. c 38. D b. fluid. c. gas. CHAPTER 5: WAVE MOTIONS AND SOUNDS d. vacuum. 1. A back-and-forth motion that repeats itself is a 33. Convection best takes place in a (an) a. spring. a. solid. b. vibration. b. fluid. c. wave. c. alloy. d. pulse. d. vacuum. 2. The number of vibrations that occur in 1 s is called 34. Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can a. a period. take place in a b. frequency. a. solid. c. amplitude. b. liquid. d. sinusoidal. c. gas. d. vacuum. 3. Frequency is measured in units of a. time. 35. What form of heat transfer will warm your body without b. cycles. warming the air in a room? c. hertz. a. Conduction. d. avis. b. Convection. c. Radiation. 4. The maximum displacement from rest to the crest or from d. None of the above is correct. rest to the trough of a wave is called a. wavelength. 36. When you add heat to a substance, its temperature b. period. a. always increases. c. equilibrium position. b. sometimes decreases. d. amplitude. c. might stay the same. d. might go up or down, depending on the temperature. 5. A wave with motion perpendicular to the direction that the wave is moving is classified as a 37. The great cooling effect produced by water evaporating a. longitudinal wave. comes from its high b. transverse wave. a. conductivity. c. water wave. b. specific heat. d. compression wave. c. latent heat. d. transparency. 6. Your brain interprets a frequency as a sound with a certain 38. At temperatures above freezing, the evaporation rate can a. speed. equal the condensation rate only at b. loudness. a. very high air temperatures. c. pitch. b. mild temperatures. d. harmonic. c. low temperatures. d. any temperature. 7. Sound waves with frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz are 39. The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at a. infrasonic waves. a. constant pressure. b. supersonic waves. b. constant temperature. c. ultrasonic waves. c. constant volume. d. impossible. d. all of the above. 8. Generally, sounds travel faster in 40. Which of the following has the greatest value for liquid a. solids. water? b. liquids. a. Latent heat of fusion. c. gases. b. Latent heat of vaporization. d. vacuums. c. Both are equivalent. d. None of the above is correct. 9. Sounds travel faster in a. warmer air. 41. Which of the following supports the second law of b. cooler air. thermodynamics? c. Temperature does not influence the speed of sound. a. Heat naturally flows from a low-temperature region to a d. a vacuum. higher-temperature region. b. All of a heat source can be converted into mechanical 10. The bending of a wave front between boundaries is energy. a. reflection. c. Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower b. reverberation. quality. c. refraction. d. A heat pump converts heat into mechanical work. d. dispersion. 42. The second law of thermodynamics tells us that the 11. A reflected sound that reaches the ear within 0.1 s after amount of disorder, called entropy, is always increasing. the original sound results in Does the growth of a plant or animal violate the second law? a. an echo. a. Yes, a plant or animal is more highly ordered. b. reverberation. b. No, the total entropy of the universe increased. c. refraction. c. The answer is unknown. d. confusion. 43. The heat death of the universe in the future is when the 12. The wave front of a refracted sound bends toward universe is supposed to a. warmer air. a. have a high temperature that will kill all living things. b. cooler air. b. have a high temperature that will vaporize all matter in it. c. the sky, no matter what the air temperature. c. freeze at a uniform low temperature. d. the surface of Earth, no matter what the air temperature. d. use up the universal supply of entropy. Answers TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS 13. Two in-phase sound waves with the same amplitude b. Mach speed. and frequency arrive at the same place at the same time, c. Mach 3. resulting in d. subsonic speed. a. higher frequency. b. refraction. 26. A longitudinal mechanical wave causes particles of a c. a new sound wave with greater amplitude. material to move 14. Two out-of-phase sound waves with the same amplitude a. back and forth in the same direction the wave is moving. and frequency arrive at the same place at the same time, b. perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving. resulting in c. in a circular motion in the direction the wave is moving. a. a beat. d. in a circular motion opposite the direction the wave is b. cancellation of the two sound waves. moving. c. a lower frequency. d. the bouncing of one wave. 27. A transverse mechanical wave causes particles of a material to move 15. Two sound waves of equal amplitude with slightly a. back and forth in the same direction the wave is moving. different frequencies will result in b. perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving. a. an echo. c. in a circular motion in the direction the wave is moving. b. the Doppler effect. d. in a circular motion opposite the direction the wave is c. alternation of loudness of sound known as beats. moving. d. two separate sounds. 28. Transverse mechanical waves will move only through 16. Two sound waves of unequal amplitudes with different a. solids. frequencies will result in b. liquids. a. an echo. c. gases. b. the Doppler effect. d. All of the above are correct. c. alternation of loudness known as beats. d. two separate sounds. 29. Longitudinal mechanical waves will move only through a. solids. 17. The energy of a sound wave is proportional to the rate of b. liquids. energy transferred to an area perpendicular to the waves, c. gases. which is called the sound d. All of the above are correct. a. intensity. b. loudness. 30. A pulse of jammed-together molecules that quickly c. amplitude. moves away from a vibrating object d. decibel. a. is called a condensation. b. causes an increased air pressure when it reaches an 18. A decibel noise level of 40 would be most likely found object. a. during a calm day in the forest. c. has a greater density than the surrounding air. b. on a typical day in the library. d. All of the above are correct. c. in heavy street traffic. d. next to a pneumatic drill. 31. The characteristic of a wave that is responsible for what you interpret as pitch is the wave 19. A resonant condition occurs when a. amplitude. a. an external force matches a natural frequency. b. shape. b. a beat is heard. c. frequency. c. two out-of-phase waves have the same frequency. d. height. d. a pure tone is created. 32. Sound waves travel faster in 20. The fundamental frequency of a string is the a. solids as compared to liquids. a. shortest wavelength harmonic possible on the string. b. liquids as compared to gases. b. longest standing wave that can fit on the string. c. warm air as compared to cooler air. c. highest frequency possible on the string. d. All of the above are correct. d. shortest wavelength that can fit on the string. 33. The difference between an echo and a reverberation is 21. The fundamental frequency on a vibrating string is what a. an echo is a reflected sound; reverberation is not. part of a wavelength? b. the time interval between the original sound and the a. 1/4 reflected sound. b. 1/2 c. the amplitude of an echo is much greater. c. 1 d. reverberation comes from acoustical speakers; echoes d. 2 come from cliffs and walls. 22. Higher resonant frequencies that occur at the same time 34. Sound interference is necessary to produce the as the fundamental frequency are called phenomenon known as a. standing waves. a. resonance. b. confined waves. b. decibels. c. oscillations. c. beats. d. overtones. d. reverberation. 23. A moving source of sound or a moving observer 35. The fundamental frequency of a standing wave on a experiences the apparent shift in frequency called string has a. fundamental frequency. a. one node and one antinode. b. Doppler effect. b. one node and two antinodes. c. wave front effect. c. two nodes and one antinode. d. shock waves. d. two nodes and two antinodes. 24. Does the Doppler effect occur when the observer is 36. An observer on the ground will hear a sonic boom from moving and the source of sound is stationary? an airplane traveling faster than the speed of sound a. Yes, the effect is the same. a. only when the plane breaks the sound barrier. b. No, the source must be moving. b. as the plane is approaching. c. Yes, but the change of pitch effects is reversed in this c. when the plane is directly overhead. case. d. after the plane has passed by. 25. A rocket traveling at three times the speed of sound is 37. What comment is true about the statement that “the traveling at human ear hears sounds originating from vibrating objects a. sonic speed. with a frequency between 20 and 20,000 Hz”? TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS a. This is true only at room temperature. CHAPTER 6: ELECTRICITY b. About 95 percent hear in this range, while some hear outside the average limits. 1. Electrostatic charge results from c. This varies, with females hearing frequencies above a. transfer or redistribution of electrons. 20,000 Hz. b. gain or lossof protons. c. separation of charge from electrons and protons. d. Very few people hear this whole range, which decreases d. failure to keep the object clean of dust. with age. 2. The unit of electric charge is the 38. A sound wave that moves through the air is a. volt. a. actually a tiny sound that the ear magnifies. b. amp. b. pulses of increased and decreased air pressure. c. coulomb. c. a transverse wave that carries information about a sound. d. watt. d. a combination of longitudinal and transverse wave patterns. 3. An electric field describes the condition of space around 39. During a track and field meet, the time difference a. a charged particle. between seeing the smoke from a starter’s gun and hearing b. a magnetic pole. the bang would be less c. a mass. a. on a warmer day. d. all of the above. b. on a cooler day. c. if a more powerful shell were used. 4. A material that has electrons that are free to move d. if a less powerful shell were used. throughout the material is a (an) a. electrical conductor. 40. What is changed by destructive interference of a sound b. electrical insulator. wave? c. thermal insulator. a. Frequency d. thermal non-conductor. b. Phase c. Amplitude 5. An example of an electrical insulator is d. Wavelength a. graphite. b. glass. 41. An airplane pilot hears a slow beat from the two engines c. aluminum. of his plane. He increases the speed of the right engine and d. tungsten. now hears a slower beat. What should the pilot now do to eliminate the beat? 6. The electrical potential difference between two points in a a. Increase the speed of the left engine. circuit is measured in units of b. Decrease the speed of the right engine. a. volt. c. Increase the speed of both engines. b. amp. d. Increase the speed of the right engine. c. coulomb. d. watt. 42. Resonance occurs when an external force matches the a. interference frequency. 7. The rate at which an electric current flows through a circuit b. decibel frequency. is measured in units of c. beat frequency. a. volt. d. natural frequency. b. amp. c. coulomb. 43. The sound quality is different for the same-pitch note d. watt. produced by two different musical instruments, but you are able to recognize the basic note because of the same 8. The law that predicts the behavior of electrostatic forces a. harmonics. acting through space is b. fundamental frequency. a. the law of universal gravitation. c. node positions. b. Watt’s law. d. standing waves. c. Coulomb’s law. d. Ohm’s law. 44. What happens if the source of a sound is moving toward you at a high rate of speed? 9. What type of electric current is produced by fuel cells and a. The sound will be traveling faster than from a stationary solar cells? source. a. ac b. The sound will be moving faster only in the direction of b. dc travel. c. 60 Hz c. You will hear a higher frequency, but people in the source d. 120 Hz will not. d. All observers in all directions will hear a higher frequency. 10. The electrical resistance of a conductor is measured in units of 45. What happens if you are moving at a high rate of speed a. volt. toward some people standing next to a stationary source of a b. amp. sound? You will hear c. ohm. a. a higher frequency than the people you are approaching d. watt. will hear. b. the same frequency as the people you are approaching 11. According to Ohm’s law, what must be greater to will hear. maintain the same current in a conductor with more c. the same frequency as when you and the source are not resistance? moving. a. voltage d. a higher frequency, as will all observers in all directions. b. current c. temperature Answers d. cross-sectional area 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. c 7. c 8. a 9. a 10. c 11. b 12. b 13. c 14. b 15. c 16. d 17. a 18. b 19. a 20. b 21. b 22. d 23. b 24. 12. A kilowatt-hour is a unit of a 25. c 26. a 27. b 28. a 29. d 30. d 31. c 32. d 33. b 34. c a. power. 35. c 36. d 37. d 38. b 39. a 40. c 41. d 42. d 43. b 44. c 45. b. work. a c. current. d. potential difference. 13. If you multiply volts by amps, the answer will be in units of TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS a. power. 26. Electromagnetic induction occurs when a coil of wire b. work. cuts across magnetic field lines. Which one of the following c. current. increases the voltage produced? d. potential difference. a. Fewer wire loops in the coil b. Increased strength of the magnetic field 14. Units of joules per second are a measure called a (an) c. Slower speed of the moving coil of wire a. volt. d. Decreased strength of the magnetic field b. amp. c. ohm. 27. Electric power companies step up the voltage of d. watt. generated power for transmission across the country because higher voltage 15. A lodestone is a natural magnet that attracts a. means more power is transmitted. a. iron. b. reduces the current, which increases the resistance. b. cobalt. c. means less power is transmitted. c. nickel. d. reduces the current, which lowers the energy lost d. all of the above. to resistance. 16. The north pole of a suspended or floating bar magnet 28. A solar cell currently points directly toward Earth’s a. produces electricity directly. a. north magnetic pole. b. requires chemical reactions. b. south magnetic pole. c. has a very short lifetime. c. north geographic pole. d. uses small moving parts. d. south geographic pole. 29. Which of the following is most likely to acquire an 17. A current-carrying wire always has electrostatic charge? a. a magnetic field with closed concentric field lines around a. Electrical conductor the length of the wire. b. Electrical non-conductor b. a magnetic field with field lines parallel to the length of the c. Both are equally likely wire. d. None of the above is correct c. an electric field but no magnetic field around the wire. d. nothing in the space around the wire. 30. Which of the following units are measures of rates? a. Amp and volt 18. Magnetism is produced by b. Coulomb and joule a. an excess of north monopoles. c. Volt and watt b. an excess of south monopoles. d. Amp and watt c. moving charges. d. separation of positive and negative charges. 31. You are using which description of a current if you consider a current to be positive charges that flow from the 19. Earth’s magnetic field positive to the negative terminal of a battery? a. has undergone many reversals in polarity a. Electron current b. has always been as it is now. b. Conventional current c. is created beneath Earth’s north geographic pole. c. Proton current d. is created beneath Earth’s south geographic pole. d. Alternating current 20. The strength of a magnetic field around a current- 32. In an electric current, the electrons are moving carrying wire varies directly with the a. at a very slow rate. a. amperage of the current. b. at the speed of light. b. voltage of the current. c. faster than the speed of light. c. resistance of the wire. d. at a speed described as supersonic. d. temperature of the wire. 33. In which of the following currents is there no electron 21. Reverse the direction of a current in a wire, and the movement from one end of a conducting wire to the other magnetic field around the wire will end? a. have an inverse magnitude of strength. a. Electron current b. have a reversed north pole direction. b. Direct current c. become a conventional current. c. Alternating current d. remain unchanged. d. None of the above 22. The operation of which of the following depends on the 34. If you multiply amps by volts, the answer will be in units interaction between two magnetic fields? of a. Car stereo speakers a. resistance. b. Telephone b. work. c. Relay circuit c. current. d. All of the above d. power. 23. An electric meter measures the 35. A permanent magnet has magnetic properties because a. actual number of charges moving through a conductor. a. the magnetic fields of its electrons are balanced. b. current in packets of coulombs. b. of an accumulation of monopoles in the ends. c. strength of a magnetic field. c. the magnetic domains are aligned. d. difference in potential between two points in a conductor. d. all of the above 24. When a loop of wire cuts across magnetic field lines or 36. A current-carrying wire has a magnetic field around when magnetic field lines move across a loop of wire, it because a. electrons are pushed toward one end of the loop. a. moving charge produces a magnetic field of its own. b. an electrostatic charge is formed. b. the current aligns the magnetic domains in the metal of c. the wire becomes a permanent magnet. the wire. d. a magnetic domain is created. c. the metal was magnetic before the current was established, and the current enhanced the magnetic effect. 25. A step-up transformer steps up the d. None of the above is correct. a. voltage. b. current. 37. When an object acquires a negative charge, it actually c. power. a. gains mass. d. energy. b. loses mass. c. has a constant mass. d. The answer is unknown. TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS 38. A positive and a negative charge are initially 2 cm apart. a. wires that are lined up side by side. What happens to the force on each as they are moved closer b. the same current flowing through one resistance and closer together? The force after another. a. increases while moving. c. separate pathways for the current to flow through. b. decreases while moving. d. none of the above. c. remains constant. d. The answer is unknown. 50. In which type of circuit would you expect a reduction of the available voltage as more and more resistances are 39. To be operational, a complete electric circuit must added to the circuit? contain a source of energy, a device that does work, and a. Series circuit a. a magnetic field. b. Parallel circuit b. a conductor from the source to the working device and c. Open circuit another conductor back to the source. d. None of the above c. connecting wires from the source to the working device. d. a magnetic field and a switch. 51. In which type of circuit would you expect the same voltage with an increased current as more and more 40. Which variable is inversely proportional to the resistances are added to the circuit? resistance? a. Series circuit a. Length of conductor b. Parallel circuit b. Cross-sectional area of conductor c. Open circuit c. Temperature of conductor d. None of the above d. Conductor material Answers 41. Which of the following is not considered to have strong 1. a 2. c 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. b 10. c 11. a 12. b 13. magnetic properties? a 14. d 15. d 16. a 17. a 18. c 19. a 20. a 21. b 22. d 23. c a. Iron 24. a 25. a 26. b 27. d 28. a 29. b 30. d 31. b 32. a 33. c 34. b. Nickel d 35. c 36. a 37. a 38. a 39. b 40. b 41. c 42. b 43. b 44. b c. Silver 45. c 46. a 47. b 48. c 49. c 50. a 51. B d. Cobalt CHAPTER 7: LIGHT 42. A piece of iron can be magnetized or unmagnetized. This is explained by the idea that 1. Which of the following is luminous? a. electrons in iron atoms are spinning and have magnetic a. Moon fields around them. b. Mars b. atoms of iron are grouped into tiny magnetic domains that c. Sun may orient themselves in a particular direction or in a d. All of the above random direction. c. unmagnetized iron atoms can be magnetized by an 2. A source of light given off as a result of high temperatures external magnetic field. is said to be d. the north and south poles of iron can be segregated by a. luminous. the application of an external magnetic field. b. blackbody radiation. c. incandescent. 43. Earth’s magnetic field is believed to originate d. electromagnetic radiation. a. by a separation of north and south monopoles due to currents within Earth. 3. An idealized material that absorbs and perfectly emits b. with electric currents that are somehow generated in electromagnetic radiation is a (an) Earth’s core. a. star. c. from a giant iron and cobalt bar magnet inside Earth. b. blackbody. d. from processes that are not understood. c. electromagnetic wave. d. photon. 44. The speaker in a stereo system works by the action of a. a permanent magnet creating an electric current. 4. Electromagnetic radiation is given off from matter at any b. an electromagnet pushing and pulling on a permanent temperature. This radiation is called magnet. a. luminous. c. sound waves pushing and pulling on an electromagnet. b. blackbody radiation. d. electrons creating sound waves. c. incandescent. d. electromagnetic radiation. 45. Electromagnetic induction takes place because a. an electric current is measured by the rate of movement 5. Light interacts with matter by which process? of charges. a. Absorption b. the potential is determined by how much work is done. b. Reflection c. electrons have their own magnetic field, which interacts c. Transmission with an externally applied magnetic field. d. All of the above d. copper wire is magnetic, which induces magnetism. 6. Materials that do not allow the transmission of any light 46. The current in the secondary coil of a transformer is are called produced by a a. transparent. a. varying magnetic field. b. colored. b. varying electric field. c. opaque. c. constant magnetic field. d. blackbody d. constant electric field. 7. Light is said to travel in straight-line paths, as light rays, 47. An electromagnet uses until it interacts with matter. A line representing the original a. a magnetic field to produce an electric current. ray before it interacts with matter is called a (an) b. an electric current to produce a magnetic field. a. incoming light ray. c. a magnetic current to produce an electric field. b. incident ray. d. an electric field to produce a magnetic current. c. reflected light ray. d. normal ray. 48. A transformer a. changes the voltage of a direct current. 8. The image you see in a mirror is b. changes the power of a direct current. a. a real image. c. changes the voltage of an alternating current. b. a virtual image. d. changes the amperage of an alternating current. c. not really an image. 49. A parallel circuit has TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE TEST BANKS 9. Refraction of light happens when light undergoes 22. A luminous object a. reflection from a surface. a. reflects a dim blue-green light in the dark. b. a change of speed between two transparent materials. b. produces light of its own by any method. c. movement through a critical angle. c. shines by reflected light only, such as the Moon. d. a 90° angle of incidence. d. glows only in the absence of light. 10. The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed 23. An object is hot enough to emit a dull red glow. When of light in a transparent material is called the this object is heated even more, it will emit a. index of deflection. a. shorter-wavelength, higher-frequency radiation. b. index of reflection. b. longer-wavelength, lower-frequency radiation. c. index of refraction. c. the same wavelengths as before with more energy. d. index of diffusion. d. more of the same wavelengths. 11. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes 24. The difference in the light emitted from a candle, an can detect is incandescent lightbulb, and the Sun is basically due to a. ultraviolet. differences in a. energy sources. b. infrared. b. materials. c. visible. c. temperatures. d. all of the above. d. phases of matter. 12. The component colors of sunlight were first studied by 25. You are able to see in shaded areas, such as under a a. Joule. tree, because light has undergone b. Galileo. a. refraction. c. Newton. b. incident bending. d. Watt. c. a change in speed. d. diffuse reflection. 13. The color order of longer-wavelength to smaller- wavelength waves in the visible region is 26. An image that is not produced by light rays coming from a. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. the image but is the result of your brain’s interpretations of b. red, violet, blue, yellow, green. light rays is called a (an) c. violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red. a. real image. d. violet, red, blue, green, yellow, orange. b. imagined image. c. virtual image. 14. The separation of white light into its component colors is d. phony image. a. reflection. b. refraction. 27. Any part of the electromagnetic spectrum, including the c. dispersion. colors of visible light, can be measured in units of d. transmission. a. wavelength. b. frequency. 15. Polarization of light is best explained by considering light c. energy. to be d. any of the above. a. vibrating waves in one plane. b. moving particles in one plane. 28. A prism separates the colors of sunlight into a spectrum c. none of the above. because a. each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction. 16. Light in one plane is transmitted and light in all other b. longer wavelengths are refracted more than shorter planes is absorbed. This is wavelengths. a. selective absorption. c. red light is refracted the most, violet the least. b. polarized absorption. d. all of the above are correct. c. reflection. d. scattering. 29. Which of the following can only be explained by a wave model of light? 17. The photoelectric effect is best explained by considering a. Reflection light to be b. Refraction a. vibrating waves. c. Interference b. moving particles. d. Photoelectric effect c. none of the above. 30. The polarization behavior of light is best explained by 18. The concept that vibrating molecules emit light in considering light to be discrete amounts of energy, called quanta, was proposed by a. longitudinal waves. a. Newton. b. transverse waves. b. Fresnel. c. particles. c. Planck. d. particles with ends, or poles. d. Maxwell. 31. Max Planck made the revolutionary discovery that the 19. The photoelectric effect was explained, using Planck’s energy of vibrating molecules involved in blackbody radiation work, by existed only in a. Planck. a. multiples of certain fixed amounts. b. Einstein. b. amounts that smoothly graded one into the next. c. Maxwell. c. the same, constant amount of energy in all situations. d. Young. d. amounts that were never consistent from one experiment to the next. 20. Today, light is considered to be packets of energy with a frequency related to its energy. These packets are called 32. Today, light is considered to be a. gravitons. a. tiny particles of matter that move through space, having b. gluons. no wave properties. c. photons. b. electromagnetic waves only, with no properties of d. quarks. particles. c. a small-scale phenomenon without a sharp distinction 21. Fiber optics transmits information using between particle and wave properties. a. sound. d. something that is completely unknown. b. computers.