Thyroid Drugs Part 7.docx

**Slide 36: Iodides - Clinical Uses and Mechanism of Action** 1. **Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of iodides in thyroid storm management?** - A. Increase the conversion of T4 to T3 - B. Inhibit the release of thyroid hormones by blocking organifi...

**Slide 36: Iodides - Clinical Uses and Mechanism of Action** 1. **Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of iodides in thyroid storm management?** - A. Increase the conversion of T4 to T3 - B. Inhibit the release of thyroid hormones by blocking organification - C. Stimulate thyroid hormone synthesis - D. Block iodine uptake by the thyroid gland\ **Answer:** B. Inhibit the release of thyroid hormones by blocking organification 2. **What is a clinical use of potassium iodide in thyroid disease?** - A. To treat hypothyroidism - B. To reduce the size and vascularity of the thyroid before surgery - C. As a long-term therapy for hyperthyroidism - D. To increase TSH secretion\ **Answer:** B. To reduce the size and vascularity of the thyroid before surgery 3. **Why should iodide use be avoided in pregnancy?** - A. It can cause hyperthyroidism in the fetus - B. It increases the risk of iodine-induced hypothyroidism - C. It can cause goiter and hypothyroidism in the fetus - D. It leads to a higher risk of miscarriage\ **Answer:** C. It can cause goiter and hypothyroidism in the fetus **Slide 37: Beta-Blockers in Hyperthyroidism** 1. **Which of the following is a key benefit of beta-blocker therapy in hyperthyroidism?** - A. They inhibit TSH secretion - B. They block thyroid hormone synthesis - C. They provide symptomatic relief by controlling tachycardia and anxiety - D. They promote the conversion of T4 to T3\ **Answer:** C. They provide symptomatic relief by controlling tachycardia and anxiety 2. **Which beta-blocker is commonly used in the management of hyperthyroid symptoms?** - A. Metoprolol - B. Atenolol - C. Propranolol - D. Carvedilol\ **Answer:** C. Propranolol 3. **At high doses, propranolol can have what additional effect in hyperthyroidism management?** - A. Increase TSH secretion - B. Inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 - C. Increase T4 secretion from the thyroid - D. Stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors\ **Answer:** B. Inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 \#\#\# \*\*Slide 37: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors - Mechanism of Action\*\* 1\. \*\*What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose and miglitol?\*\* \- A. Inhibits glucose reabsorption in the kidneys \- B. Delays the breakdown and absorption of complex carbohydrates in the intestines \- C. Stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells \- D. Enhances insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Delays the breakdown and absorption of complex carbohydrates in the intestines【176:0†source】 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a benefit of using alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for managing type 2 diabetes?\*\* \- A. They do not cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy \- B. They increase insulin sensitivity \- C. They directly stimulate beta-cell insulin secretion \- D. They promote weight loss \*\*Answer:\*\* A. They do not cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy【176:0†source】 3\. \*\*Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors primarily affect which phase of glucose regulation?\*\* \- A. Fasting blood glucose \- B. Postprandial glucose \- C. Basal glucose levels \- D. Nocturnal glucose levels \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Postprandial glucose【176:0†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 38: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors - Adverse Effects\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a common gastrointestinal side effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping \- B. Nausea and vomiting \- C. Constipation \- D. Gastrointestinal bleeding \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping【176:0†source】 2\. \*\*Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with which condition?\*\* \- A. Chronic kidney disease \- B. Cirrhosis \- C. Heart failure \- D. Hypertension \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Cirrhosis【176:0†source】 3\. \*\*Why are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors contraindicated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?\*\* \- A. They increase absorption of fats, worsening IBD \- B. They increase gas production, which may exacerbate symptoms of IBD \- C. They decrease nutrient absorption, worsening malabsorption in IBD \- D. They promote intestinal bleeding \*\*Answer:\*\* B. They increase gas production, which may exacerbate symptoms of IBD【176:0†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 39: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors - Clinical Pearls\*\* 1\. \*\*When should alpha-glucosidase inhibitors be administered to achieve optimal glucose control?\*\* \- A. 30 minutes before meals \- B. With the first bite of a meal \- C. One hour after meals \- D. At bedtime \*\*Answer:\*\* B. With the first bite of a meal【176:0†source】 2\. \*\*How much can alpha-glucosidase inhibitors reduce A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes?\*\* \- A. 0.1-0.2% \- B. 0.5-0.6% \- C. 0.7-0.8% \- D. 1.0-1.2% \*\*Answer:\*\* C. 0.7-0.8%【176:0†source】 3\. \*\*Which of the following is important when treating hypoglycemia in patients on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Use sucrose-based sources like fruit juices \- B. Use glucose tablets or gels \- C. Increase carbohydrate intake with complex carbs \- D. Administer insulin \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Use glucose tablets or gels【176:0†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 40: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors - Monitoring\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following should be monitored regularly in patients taking alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Liver function tests (LFTs) \- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) \- C. White blood cell count (WBC) \- D. Serum calcium \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Liver function tests (LFTs)【176:0†source】 2\. \*\*Why might post-meal self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) be considered for select patients taking alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?\*\* \- A. To adjust insulin doses \- B. To monitor the effectiveness in controlling postprandial glucose \- C. To assess for nocturnal hypoglycemia \- D. To check fasting blood glucose levels \*\*Answer:\*\* B. To monitor the effectiveness in controlling postprandial glucose【176:0†source】 3\. \*\*Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors should be avoided in patients with a serum creatinine level greater than:\*\* \- A. 1.5 mg/dL \- B. 2 mg/dL \- C. 2.5 mg/dL \- D. 3 mg/dL \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 2 mg/dL【176:0†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 41: DPP-4 Inhibitors - Mechanism of Action\*\* 1\. \*\*What is the primary action of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes?\*\* \- A. Stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion \- B. Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues \- C. Enhances glucose reabsorption in the kidneys \- D. Slows glucose absorption in the intestines \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion【176:0†source】 2\. \*\*DPP-4 inhibitors increase levels of which two incretin hormones?\*\* \- A. GIP and GLP-1 \- B. Insulin and glucagon \- C. Ghrelin and leptin \- D. Amylin and somatostatin \*\*Answer:\*\* A. GIP and GLP-1【176:0†source】 3\. \*\*Which of the following is a key benefit of DPP-4 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Weight loss \- B. Reduction in postprandial glucose levels \- C. Decreased absorption of carbohydrates \- D. Increased glycogen synthesis \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Reduction in postprandial glucose levels【176:0†source】 \-\--