Thorax Abdomen MCQs-1 PDF

## Plate 1: Regions and Planes of Abdomen - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - The xiphisternal plane runs horizontally through the xyphoid processes at the level of the _vertebra_ - The transpyloric lies midway between the _of the manubrium and the upper borders of the...

## Plate 1: Regions and Planes of Abdomen - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - The xiphisternal plane runs horizontally through the xyphoid processes at the level of the _vertebra_ - The transpyloric lies midway between the _of the manubrium and the upper borders of the _ - _plane is a line joining the lowest point of the coastal margin formed by the tenth coastal cartilage - _plane joins the highest point of the iliac crest on each side - The Subcoastal plane usually lies at the level of the body of the body of the _plane_ vertebra - _plane joins the tubercles of the iliac crest - and usually lies at the level of the body of the _vertebra_ - The plane of the pubic crest lies at the level of the inferior end of _ - The transtubercular plane joins the tubercules of the _ ## Plate 2: Anterior Abdominal Wall - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - Anterior abdominal wall extends from (I) _ to the _ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ - The anterior abdominal wall is composed of - (I)_ - (ii) _lining the peritoneal cavity_ - (iii)_ - Inguinal canal that connects the abdominal cavity to the scrotum in men or Labia majora in women is formed by _ - The anterior abdominal wall receives its blood supply from - (i)_ and from (ii)_ - (iii)_ and (iv)_ vessels - (f)(i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ - (iv)_ and - (g) (v)_ constitute the anterolateral muscles of the abdomen - _is a tendinous raphe extending from the xyphoid processes to the symphysis pubis and pubic crest ## Plate 3: Posterior Abdominal Wall - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - Posterior abdominal wall continuous laterally with the _wall, superiorly with the _ and inferiorly with the structures of the (iii) _ - The visceral which lie beneath the posterior parietal peritoneum are collectively referred to as the _ - The Kidneys, Suprarenal glands, Pancreas ureters and part of the gut tube are referred to as _ because they are found behind the peritoneum - The posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia in the lumber region is attached to the (i) _ and - (ii) _ - (iii)_ attached medially to the (i)_ and - The middle layer of the above questions is attached medially to the (i)_ - (ii) _inferiorly to the (iii)_ and superior to the (iv)_ and (v)_ - The anterior layer of this fascia covers (i)_ and it is attached medially to the (ii)_ - The bones of the posterior abdominal wall includes - (i)_ - (ii)_ and - (iii)_ - (iv) _ and - (v)_ - The posterior free border of external oblique and the inferior free border of latissimus dorsi create an area of potential weakness referred to as _ ## Plate 4: Inguinal Region - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - _is a natural hiatus in the tissues of the anterior abdominal wall - Inguinal ligament stretches from the (i)_ to the (ii) _ ## Plate 5: Inguinal Canal - Fill in the numbers in the diagrams with the appropriate names - Inguinal canal contains (i) _ in female and male (ii) _ in both sexes - (iii)_ - Inguinal canal is bounded anteriorly by (i) _ and (ii)_ - Posteriorly lie the (i)_ and (ii)_ - Superiorly lie the (i) _ and (ii)_ aing the conjoint tendon - Inferiorly is union of the (i) _ with the (ii) _ medial end (iii) _ and at the _ ligament - Inguinal triangle is bonded inferiorly by the (i) _ medially by the (ii) _ and laterally by the (iii)_ - _ is a protrusion of a viscus through the tissues of the inguinal region of the abdominal - _hernia is defined as arising lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels -_ hernia is defined as the arising medial to the inferior epigastric vessels - A femoral hernia protrudes through the _ - Femoral hernia are more common in women, give reason ## Plate 6: Stomach in Situ - Fill in the numbers inin the diagrams with the appropriate names - The stomach lies between the (i)_ and the (ii) _ - The stomach is divided by arbitrary lines drawn on its external surface into (i) _, (ii) _, (iii) _, and (iv)_ - The opening from the oesophagus into the stomach is the_ - Reflux of gastric contents into the abdominal and lower thoracic oesophagus as a result of _ - A weak lower oesophagus sphinster (LOS) or of hiatus hernia which disrupts the normal anatomical barriers can result to _ - _ is the opening from the stomach into the duodenum ## Plate 7: Mucosa of Stomach - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The presence of abnormal columnar epithelium within the oesophagus is referred to as _ - _ that lines the orifice aids closure of the cardiac orifice and helps prevent reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus - Mucosa of the stomach is comprised of a (i) _ and - (ii) _ - (iii)_ - The gastric wall consists of the major layers found elsewhere in the gut, which include (I) _, (ii) _, (iii) _, and (iv)_ ## Plate 8: Mucosa and Musculature of Duodenum - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The small intestine consists of (i) _, (ii) _, and (iii) _ - The adult duodenum is _ long - The duodenum forms an elongated 'c' that lies between the level of the (i) _ and (ii) _ vertebrae in the supine position - Within the concavity of th duodenum which is 'draped' over the prominence formed from the lumbar spine lies (i)_ and (ii) _ - Duodenal mucosa consists of (i) _, (ii)_ and (iii)_ ## Plate 9: Ileocaecal Region - Fill in the number in the diagram with the appropriate names - The caecum is a large blind pouch lying in the _ Fossa - The caecum continous proximally with the (i)_ and distally with the (ii) _ - The blind-ending vermiform appendix usually arises on _ - The process of fluid and electrolyte reabsorption starts in the _ but takes place largely in the ascending and transverse colon - The junction of the caecum and colon _ opens into the posteromedia aspect of the large intestine at _ - In the cadaveric caecum the ileocaecal valve flaps are often _ but in life they can often be seen to form a rosette or trefoil pattern of mucosa - _is a narrow worm like tube which arises from the posteromedial caecal wall, approximately 2cm below the end of the ileum ## PLATE 10: Mucosa and Musculature of Large Intestine - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - _ forms the junction of the ascending and transverse colon - The arteries to the caecum. appendix, and ascending colon are derived from the (i)_ - (ii) _, and (iii)_ through the - Venous blood from the wall of the caecum appendix and ascending colon drains into (i)_ and (ii)_ - The sympathetic supply to the caecum, appendix and ascending colon originates in the (i)_ - Extends between the hepatic flexure and spleenic flexures is the _ which across the right lumber region into the left hypochondric region - _ colon descend through - The left hypochondrium and lumbar region _ colon begins below the pelvic inlet and ends at te return ## Plate 11: Surface and Bed of Liver - Fill numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The largest of the abdominal viscera is _ - Throughout life the liver is _ in colour - _ is the most common cause of excess fat in the liver (also known as steatosis) - A shallow cardiac impression on the superior surface of the liver corresponds to the position of the _ - _ is the obliterated fetal left umbilical vein - _ ligament is formed by the reflection of the peritoneum from the diaphragm onto the posterior surface of the right lobe of the liver - The porta hepatic is a deep fissure on the inferior surface of the liver which contains (i) _ (ii)_ , and (iii)_ - (i)_ (ii)_ and (iii)_ as they ascend into the parachyma of the liver - _ and _ and _ vessels emerges from the liver ## Plate 12: Liver in Situ - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Historically, the liver has been considered to be divided into (i)_, (ii) _, (iii)_ and (iv) _ - by the surface peritoneal and ligamentous attachments - The right lobes is divided from the left lobe by the (i) _ and (ii)_ - There are two prominences separated by the porta hepatis separated by the porta hepatis the (i) _ lobe lies posteriorly and the (ii)_ lobe anteriorly to the porta hepatis - The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall diaphragm and other viscera by several ligaments which includes (i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_, - (iv)_, - and (v)_ - _ represents the obliterated venous connection that existed between the left portal vein and the hepatic vein in the fetal life - The liver is attached in front to the anterior abdominal wall by the _ - The vessels connected with the liver are the - (i) _ - (ii) _ - (iii) _ and (iv) _ ## Plate 13: Pancreas in Situ - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names -_is the largest of the digestive glands and performs a range of both endocrine and exocrine function - Pancreas is divided into four parts on the basis of anatomical relations (i) _(ii) _ and (iv) and extends to the (ii) _ - The pancreas has a rich arterial supply derived from the (i) _ axis and (ii) _ artery - The venous drainage of the pancreas is primary into the _ - The exocrine pancreas is a (i)_ , surrounded and incompletely tabulated by delicate connective tissue. - The endocrine pancreas consists of _ , composed of spherical or ellipsoid clusters of cells embedded in the exocrine tissue. - The innervation of the endocrine islets is almost exclusively from the _ ## Plate 14: Extrahepatic, Bile and Pancreatic Duct - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - _ is the system of vessel and ducts which collect and deliver bile from the liver parachyma to the second part of the duodenum - .The intrahepatic ducts are formed from the longer bile canaliculi which come together to form _ - The extrahepatic biliary trees consists of the (i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ - (iv) _ - and (v)_ - _ is a flask-shaped, blind ending diverticulum attached to the common bile duct by the cystic duct. - (i)_ and (ii)_ drains the gallbladder into the common bile duct. - _ emerge from the liver and unite as the common hepatic duct. - The common bile duct is formed near the porta hepatis by the junction of the (i)_ and (ii)_ - _ triangle formed between the cystic duct, the common hepatic duct and the inferior surface of segment V of the liver. - Gallstones usually form in the _ ## Plate 15: Spleen and Adrenal Gland - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Spleen is situated in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity between the (I)_ - long (ii) _ and (iii) _ - In adult the size and weight of the spleen is usually (1) _ and (ii) _ broad and (iii) _ wide - (iii) _ and - made on the visceral surface of the spleen. - inpressive are - The visceral surface of the spleen faces inferomedially towards the abdominal cavity and is irregular and marked by (i)_ (ii) _, (iii) _ and (iv) _ impressions. - (iii)_ may accompanies any massive immune response and occurs in many other systemic inflamentory and degenerative conditions - The spleen is supplied exclusively by _ - The spleen is essentially concerned with (Ⅰ) _ and (ii) _ responses. - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names. - Adrenal glands lie immediately superior and slightly anterior to the _ - The suprarenal gland approximately weighed _ - No individual suprarenal limbs should measure more than _ in transverse section. - (i)_ suprarenal gland lies posterior to the inferior vena cava. - (ii) _ suprarenal gland lies closely applied to the (ii) _ crus of the - diaphragm - (i) _ - (iii)_ arteries. ## Plate 16; Arteries of Stomach Liver Pancreas and Spleen. - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names. - The arterial supply to the stomach comes predominantly from the _ - The left gastric artery arises directly from the _ artery gives origin to the short gastric arteries well as the (ii) _ - (i)_ artery gives origin to the right gastric artery. - _ and to the (ii) _ _ ## Plate 17; Arteries of large / small intestine and spleen. - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names. - The main vessels supplying the duodenum are the (i)_ arteries. - Branches from the _ artery supply the jejunum and ileum. - The superior mesenteric artery originates from the _ - The arterial supply of the large intestine is derived from both the (i) _ and (ii) _ - The marginal artery of the colon may become massively dilated when there is chronic, progressive occlusion of _ - The arteries to the caecum, appendix and ascending colon are some what variable, but all are derived from (i)_ through the (ii) _ and (iii)_ - The proximal two-third of the transverse colon is supplied by the (i) _ through the (ii) _ - The arterial supply of the descending colon is from the (i) _ through (ii)_ - The principal arterial supply to the upper two-thirds of the rectum is the _ artery. ## Plate 18; Hepatic Portal Vein - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names. - The liver has two venous systems (i) _ and (ii) _ - _ conveys Venous blood from the majority of the gastrointestinal tract and its associated organs to the liver. - _ drains blood from the liver parachyma into the inferior vena cava. - _ vein begins at the level of the second lumber vertebra and is formed from the convergence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. - The liver is drained by three major hepatic veins in to the suprahepatic part of the inferior vena cava and they are (i)_ , (ii)_ and (iii)_ - The structural unit of the liver is _ - Cells of the liver include (i) _, (ii)_ - (iii)_ , (iv)_ - (v)_ and (vi) _ and _ ## Plate 19; Gross Structure of kidney - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names. - The kidneys are _ in colour - The kidney excrete _ - The kidneys also have endocrine functions, producing and releasing (i)_ (ii)_ (iii)_ (iv) and (v)_ - Which side of the kidney is slightly inferiors to the other._ - Each kidney is typically (i) _ in length, (ii)_ in breath and (iii)_ in anteroposterior dimension. - The _ kidney is little longer and narrower than the other and lies in the median plane. - In the fetus and newborn, the kidney normally has _ number of lobules - The superior poles of both kidneys are thick and round and each is related to its _ gland. - Nephron consist of a (i) _ concerned with filtration from the plasma, and a (ii)_ concerned with selective resorption from the filtrate to form the urine. - Bowman's capsule is the blind expanded end of a renal tubule, and is deeply invaginated by the _ ## Plate 20; Renal Arteries and Veins - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names. - Renal arteries branched laterally from _ just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. - The right renal artery is longer and often higher, passing posterior to the (i) _ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ and (iv)_ - The left renal artery is a title lower and passes behind the - (i) _ - (ii) _ and - (iii)_ - Interlobular vein ends in _ veins - _ veins drains into interlobar veins. - Interlobar veins anastomoses and formed the _ vein ## Plate 21: Arteries of Ureter and Urinary bladder - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The Ureter is supplied by branches from the (i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ - (iv)_ and _ arteries and the _ - The bladder is supplied principally by the (i) _ and (ii)_ arteries. - The male urethra extends from the (i) _ in the urinary bladder to the (ii)_ at the end of the penis. ## Plate 22: Male testis and female Uterus - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The testis is responsible for (i)_ and _ production. - The testes are suspended in the scrotum by scrotal tissues including the (i)_ and (ii)_ - The _ testis is usually lie lower than the other. - Each testis is separated from each other by _ - The testis is invested by three coats, which are from outside inwards, (i)_ , (ii)_ and (iii)_ - The uterus is a thick-walled, muscular organ situated in the pelvis between the (i)_ and (ii)_ - Uterus is divided into two main regions (i)_ and (ii)_ - Near its upper end, the uterine tubes enter the uterus on both side at the _ - Inferoanterior to the entery of the uterine tubes is the (i)_ _ligament and inferoposterior is the (ii) _ ligament ## Plate 23: Male penis and Female Vagina - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The penis consists of an (i)_ in the perineum and a free, (ii) _ which is completed envoloped in skin - The root of penis consists of three masses of erectile tissue in the urogenital triangle, namely the two (i)_ and (ii)_ - The body of the penis consist of three masses of erectile tissue (i)_ - and - (ii)_ and the (iii)_ which are continuation of crura and (iii)_ - The body of penis is supported by two ligaments (i)_ and (ii) _ - Scrotum consist (i)_ (ii)_ and (iii)_ - The female lower genital tract consist of (i)_ and (v)_ and (ii)_ and upper genital tract (iii)_ and (iv)_ - Vagina extend from (i)_ to (ii)_ ## Plate 24: Male Bladder, Prostate and Female Bladder relationships - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names. - In male bladder is related to (i)_ and in female to (ii)_ - In male the bladder is separated from rectum above by (i)_ - (ii)_ - and (iii) _ - The bladder is anchored inferrorly by considensation of pelvis fascia, which attach it to the (i)_ , (ii)_ and (iii)_ - Postratic ducts open mainly into the_ in the floor of the prostate Urethra. - The prostate is supplied by (i)_ , (ii)_ and (iii)_ - Urethra is supplied principally by the _ artery - The mucosa lining the female urethra consist of a _ ## Plate 1: Bony Framework Of Thorax - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - The ribs are _ - The ribs articulate posteriorly with the _ pairs of elastic arches - The first-seven pairs of ribs are referred to as _ and anteriorly to the _ by coastal cartilage - remaining five ribs are called _ ribs while the _ ribs and the eleventh ribs - Ribs are separated by _ - A typical rib has a (i)_ - (iii) _ - The usual site of rib fracture is in _ which is the weakest point of the rib is _ ## Plate 2: Anterior Thoracic Wall - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The (i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ - (iv)_ and (v)_ are muscles of the thoracic wall. - The thorax has two major openings (i)_ And (ii)_ - _ separate the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity - Thoracic skeleton is made up of the (i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ and (iv)_ - (iv) _ - There are total of (i)_ intercoastal spaces containing the (ii) _ muscles - External and internal intercoastals are supplied by _ - _ nerves - Levators costarum arises from the tips of the _ - Transversus thoracic arises from the (i)_ - and (iii)_ - (ii)_ - Serratus posterior superior arises from the (i) _ - (ii) _ - (iv) _ - (iii)_ - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - _ supply the thoracic wall - The branches of a typical intercoastal nerve are: - (i) _ - (iii) _ - and (v)_ - (ii)_ - (iv)_ - The arteries that supplied the thoracic wall are - (i) _ - (iii) _ ## Plate 3: Azygoes Venous System - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The azygos vein typically starts from the posterior aspect of the _ - Hemiazygos vein is formed on the (i) _ - (ii)_ - and (iii) _ ## Plate 4: Lymph Vessels and Nodes Of Oesophagus - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Efferent vessels from the cervical oesophagus drain to the_ - Vessels from the thoracic oesophagus drain to the _ - Vessels from the abdominal oesophagus drain to the _ - Cervical oesophagus is posterior to _ - Posterior to the oesophagus is (i) _ and (iii)_ (ii) _ ## Plate 5: Thoracic Lymph Nodes - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The oesophagus is a muscular tube, typically 25cm long, which connects the (i) _ to the (ii)_ - Oesophagus begins in the neck, level with the lower border of the (i) _ - (ii) _ - Oesophagus ends at the (i) _ level with the (ii)_ vertebrae - _ Cartilage and the - In the superior mediastinum the thoracic vertebra lies between (i) _ and (ii)_ - The cervical oesophagus is supplied by the _ - The thoracic oesophagus is supplied by (i)_ and (ii)_ artery ## Plate 10: The Thorax And Right Lymphatic Ducts - Fill in the numbers in the diagram in the appropriate names - Thoracic duet is (i) _ in length and extends from the (ii)_ to the (iii)_ - Thoracic duct ends in it's course by opening into the junction of the (i) _ and (ii) _ Veins - Anomalies of the thoracic duet may be delineated by dissection into the (i) _ subsequent injection of an (ii)_ followed cannulation and _ is the main lymphatic duct of the body - The thoracic oesophagus is divided into: _ and _ ## Plate 11: The Distribution of Right And Left Phrenic Nerves - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - (i) _ - (ii) _ and _ are situated obliquely, approximately two thirds to the left and one third to the right of median plane - The four (4) surfaces of the heat are (i) _ - (ii) _ - (iii),_ - (iv)_ - The four borders of the heat include (i)_ - (ii)_ - (ii)_ - (iv)_ - (i)_ and (ii)_ conduct poorly oxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation - Refer to abnormal folding of the embryonic heart that causes the position of the heart to be completely reversed so that the apex is directed to the right instead of the left ## Plate 12: Heart In Situ - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - Anatomical apex of the heart is referred as _ - The double-walled fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the root of the greater vessels. _ - The double-walled fibroserous sac that encloses the heart is made up of two parts (I) _ and (ii) _ - The serosal pericardium consist of two layers - (I) _ - (ii)_ and - The serosal pericardial layer which adheres to the heart and forms its (vi outer covering is known as _ - _ valve guards the right atrioventricular orifice - Branches from the right coronary artery are - (i) _ - (ii) _ - (iii) _ - (iv)_ and - (v)_ - Branches from the left coursry artery are - (i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ and - (iv) _ - _ is the continuation of the ascending aorta - _ is the part of aorta that is located in the superior mediastinum - _ nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum in the groove between the trachea and oesophagus - _ is the continuation of the aortic arch ## Plate 6: The Thoracic Autonomic Nervous System - Fill in the number to the diagram with the appropriate names - The fusion of first thoracic ganglion with the inferior cervical ganglion forms the _ - Caudially, the thoracic sympathetic truck passes dorsal to the _ to become the lumber sympathetic truck - The right vagus nerve descends posterior to the (i) _ - (ii) _ Vein and crosses the first part of the - (ii) _ Artery to outer the thorax - The left vagas enters the thorax between the (i) _ and (ii)_ _Vein Arteries and behind the (iii) _ ## Plate 7 Oesophagus: (Anterior View) - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Thoracic oesophagus crosses anterior to the qorta and enter the abdomen through (i)_ - (ii)_ at the level of the _ Vertebra ## Plate 8: Oesophagus Venous Drainage - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Blood from oesophagus drains into a (i)_ and hence into a (ii)_ - Blood from the thoracic oesophagus drains predominantly into (i)_ - (ii) _ - (iii)_ - and (iv)_ - Blood from the cervical oesophagus drains into the _ ## Plate 9: Subdivisions Of The Mediastinum - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Mediastinum is the region between the two plural sacs bounded anteriorly by (i) _ - (ii) _ - (iii)_ and - Superior mediastinum lies between the (i)_ and (ii)_ - Superior mediastinum is also bounded below by the (i)_ and above by the (ii)_ - (iii)_ - Anterior mediastinum lies between the (i)_ and (ii)_ ## Plate 13: The Heart, Great Vessels And Lung in Situ - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The right side of the heart receives poorly oxygenated blood from the body through (i) _ and (ii)_ - The left side of the heart receives well oxygenated blood from the lungs through the (i)_ - pumps it into the (ii)_ - distribution to the body - The heart has four chambers - (i)_ - (ii) _ - (iii) _ - (iv) _ - The major blood vessels comprise the (i)_ - (ii) _ - (iii)_ ## Plate 14: The Heart And Great Vessels - Fill in the numbers in the diagrams with the appropriate names - The blood vessels of the heart comprises (i)_ - (ii)_ - carry blood to and from most of the myocardium - _ vein which is the - Pain that originates from the heart is called _ - _ is a condition in which lipid accumulation on the internal walls of the coronary arteries results in stenosis of the lumina of the coronary arteries - Trachea is divided into (i)_ and - (ii) _ - Trachea consists about _ number of C-Shaped hyaline cartilage (ring) joint together by fibroelastic membrane ## Plate 15: Conducting Tissue Of The Heart - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Conducting system of the heart which coordinates the cardiac cycle consist of (i)_ And (ii)_ - Initiates the heartbeat and coordinates contraction of the four heart chambers - The sinuatrial (SA) node is located anterolaterally just deep to the epicardium at the junction of the (i) _ and (ii)_ - The atrioventricular (AN) node is located in the posterorinferior region of the internal septum near the _ ## Plate 16: The Interior Of The Heart - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The branches of the right coronary artery are - (i)_ - (iii)_ - (ii)_ - (iv) _ - The branch of left coronary artery includes (i)_ - (ii) _ - (iii)_ - (iv) _ and (v) _ - _ is one of the coronary artery disease which result in a reduced blood supply to the vital myocardial tissue ## Plate 17: Human Cardiac Plexus - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - Superficial part of the cardiac plexus is likes below the (i)_ and (ii)_ - Deep part of the cardiac plexus is anterior to the _ - Left coronary plexus accompanies the left coronary artery to supply the _ - Right coronary plexus accompanies the right coronary artery to supply the _ ## Plate 18: The Coronary Arterial System with the Principal Variation - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The right and left coronary arteries arise from the _ - _ in its anterior and left posterior sinus - _ is characterised by deposition of lipid and accumulation of macrophages in the intima of the coronary artery - The heart is drained by the (i) _ and (ii) _ and (iii) _ ## Plate 19: The Right Lung - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The right lungs is divided into (i) _ - (iii) _ - (v) _ - by and - fissure - The structures which enter and leave the helium of the heart are - (i)_ - (iii)_ - (v)_ - (vii) and (viii)_ - (ii)_ - (iv)_ - (vi)_ ## Plate 20: The Left Lung - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - The left lung is divided into a (i) _ and - _ by (ii)_ are the essential organs of respirating - Each lungs has an (i)_ and (iv) - (iii)_ - (ii)_ - Lung cancer involving a phrenic nerve may result in paralysis of the _ ## Plate 21: Bronchi: The Respiratory Tree And Its Blood Supply - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate name - The trachea is about _ long and descends from the larynx - The trachea extends from the level of (i) _ vertebra to the upper border of the (ii)_ - The level of _ vertebra trachea divides into right and left principal (pulmonary) bronchi aureliooo tigil - (i)_ lies behind the cervical trachea, separating it from the (ii) _ and (iii)_ - Explain why inhaled foreign bodies enter the right principal _ - The right main bronches divides into - (i)_ and (iii)_ - (ii)_ - The left main bronches divides into (i)_ and (ii) _ ## Plate 22: Lungs And Bronchi (Ventral View) - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - The usual vertical sequence of structures at the left hilumin (i)_ - (iii)_ - (ii)_ and - Each of the principal bronchi divides into. _ - The primary branches of the right and left bronchi are _ - termed_ - _ connects the medial surface of the lungs to the heat and trachea - According to the Jackson and Huber divisions there are usually (i)_ and (ii) _ segmental bronchi on the right lung and _ on the left - Right lung has (i) _ (ii) _ and (iii) _ lobes while the left lung has (i) _ and (ii) _ lobes - _ covers each lung and lines the containing cavity - The membrane of fibrous tissue that covers the heart is made up of (i)_ and (ii)_ - The potential space between the two layers of membrane that covers the heart may in abnormal condition filled with air known as (i) _ - (ii) _ with blood known as - (iii) _ or with pus known as (iii) _ - _ connect the pharynx with the stomach (see plate 7) - The wall of oesophagus consists of: - (i)_ and (ii)_ layers (see plate 7) - The thoracic oesophagus is supplied by branches from the - (i)_ - (ii)_ and _ (see plate 7) ## Plate 23: The Fetal Circulation - Fill in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - _ serves as the organ for fetal nutrition and excretion - Fetal blood reaches the placenta via (i) _ and in early fetal life returns by _ - Blood from the ductus venosus and hepatic veins mixes in the _ - Fetal circulation bypasses the lungs through a shunt called _ - Oxygenated blood from the mother enters the right side of the heart and flows into the _ - Most of the blood flows across to the left atrium through a shunt called _ - Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures are: - (i)_ - (ii)_ - (iii)_ - (iv) _ - The three (3) openings in fetal circulation are: - (i) _ - (ii) _ - (iii) _ and - The closure of the - (i)_ - (ii)_ and - (iii)_ - Liver bypasses fetal circulation through _ completes the change of fetal circulation to new born circulation - Blood can travel from right atrium to left atrium through the (i) _ - Normal fetal heart rate is between (i)_ and (ii)_ beats per minute. - The three (3) functions of umbilical cord are: - (ii)_ - (iii) _ and ## Plate 24: Diaphragm - Fil in the numbers in the diagram with the appropriate names - _ is the curved musculofibrous sheet that separate the thoracic from the abdominal cavity - There are three (3) large opening in the diaphragm for - (i) _ - (ii) _ and - _ aperture of the diaphragm is found at the level of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra