Therapies PDF
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UAG School of Medicine
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This document discusses various psychiatric therapies, including behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy. It also covers different types of central nervous system stimulants, and their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and adverse effects.
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590 SEC TION III PSYCHIATRY ` PSYCHIATRY!PHARMACOLOGY Alcohol use disorder Diagnosed using criteria for substance use disorder. Complications: vitamin B1 (thiamine) de!ciency, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis,...
590 SEC TION III PSYCHIATRY ` PSYCHIATRY!PHARMACOLOGY Alcohol use disorder Diagnosed using criteria for substance use disorder. Complications: vitamin B1 (thiamine) de!ciency, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, testicular atrophy. Treatment: naltrexone (reduces cravings; avoid in liver failure), acamprosate (contraindicated in renal failure), disul!ram (to condition the patient to abstain from alcohol use). Support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous are helpful in sustaining abstinence and supporting patient and family. Wernicke-Korsako! Results from vitamin B1 de!ciency. Symptoms can be precipitated by administering dextrose syndrome before vitamin B1. Triad of confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia (Wernicke encephalopathy). May progress to irreversible memory loss, confabulation, personality change (Korsako! syndrome). Treatment: IV vitamin B1 (before dextrose). ` PSYCHIATRY!PHARMACOLOGY Psychotherapy Behavioral therapy Teaches patients how to identify and change maladaptive behaviors or reactions to stimuli (eg,"systematic desensitization for speci!c phobia). Cognitive behavioral Teaches patients to recognize distortions in their thought processes, develop constructive coping therapy skills, and maladaptive coping behaviors "greater emotional control and tolerance of distress (eg,"recognizing triggers for alcohol consumption). Dialectical behavioral Designed for use in borderline personality disorder, but can be used in other psychiatric conditions therapy as well (eg, depression). Interpersonal therapy Focused on improving interpersonal relationships and communication skills. Motivational Enhances intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence. Used in interviewing substance use disorder and weight loss. Supportive therapy Utilizes empathy to help individuals during a time of hardship to maintain optimism or hope. Central nervous system Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine. stimulants MECHANISM catecholamines in the synaptic cleft, especially norepinephrine and dopamine. CLINICAL USE ADHD, narcolepsy, binge-eating disorder. ADVERSE EFFECTS Nervousness, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, tachycardia, hypertension, weight loss, tics, bruxism.
