Mental Health Module 1 PDF

**Module 1** **Chapter 1: Mental Health** **Definition of Mental Health** - The ability to: - Recognize one's own potential - Cope with normal stress - Work productively - Contribute to the community - Mental health exists on a continuum and fluctuates. **Traits...

**Module 1** **Chapter 1: Mental Health** **Definition of Mental Health** - The ability to: - Recognize one's own potential - Cope with normal stress - Work productively - Contribute to the community - Mental health exists on a continuum and fluctuates. **Traits of Good Mental Health** - Think rationally - Communicate appropriately - Learn new information - Grow emotionally - Be resilient - Have healthy self-esteem **Resilience** - Defined as the ability to adapt to life\'s misfortunes and setbacks. - **Building resilience is a healthy coping mechanism.** **Mental Illness** - Considered clinically significant when marked by: - **Patient's distress** - **Disability** - **Risk of disability** - **Loss of freedom or control** - Can be culturally defined. **Diathesis-Stress Model** - **Diathesis** -- Biological predisposition - **Stress** -- Environmental stress or trauma - **Mental illness results from genetic vulnerability + negative environmental stressors.** **Diagnosis of Mental Disorders** - **DSM-V (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)** - Uses a **Multiaxial System:** - **Axis I:** Primary & Secondary Mental Disorders (e.g., Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder) - **Axis II:** Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation (e.g., Borderline Personality Disorder) - **Axis III:** General Medical Disorders (e.g., Diabetes, Hypertension) - **Axis IV:** Psychosocial & Environmental Problems (e.g., Divorce, Homelessness) - **Axis V:** **Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) -- scores under 50 require hospitalization.** **Levels of Psychiatric Nursing Practice** - **Basic Level RN:** Provides care in psych settings and maintains the therapeutic milieu. - **Advanced Practice RN:** Can prescribe medication and perform psychotherapy. **Chapter 2: Theories in Psychiatric Nursing** **Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory** - **Id:** Pleasure principle (child-like impulses) - **Ego:** Reality principle (problem-solving, rational thinking) - **Superego:** Moral component (conscience, guilt regulation) **Defense Mechanisms** - Unconscious mechanisms to reduce anxiety. - Example: **Rationalization** -- Justifying inappropriate behavior. **Transference & Countertransference** - **Transference:** Patient redirects feelings onto the nurse (e.g., treating nurse like a parent). - **Countertransference:** Nurse projects feelings onto the patient (e.g., reacting negatively due to personal past experiences). **Erikson's Eight Stages of Development** 1. **Trust vs. Mistrust** (Infancy) 2. **Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt** (Early Childhood) 3. **Initiative vs. Guilt** (Preschool) 4. **Industry vs. Inferiority** (School Age) 5. **Identity vs. Role Confusion** (Adolescence) 6. **Intimacy vs. Isolation** (Early Adulthood) 7. **Generativity vs. Stagnation** (Middle Adulthood) 8. **Integrity vs. Despair** (Late Adulthood) **Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory** - **Behavior is shaped by interpersonal interactions to reduce anxiety.** - **Three Problems Treated by Interpersonal Therapy:** - **Grief and Loss** - **Interpersonal Disputes** - **Role Transitions** **Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relationships** - **Mother of Psychiatric Nursing** - **Nurses must provide care, compassion, and advocacy.** - **Therapeutic relationships are key to healing.** **Behavioral Therapies** - **Modeling:** Learning through observation. - **Operant Conditioning:** **Positive reinforcement to increase desired behavior.** - **Systematic Desensitization:** Gradual exposure to fear-inducing stimuli. - **Aversion Therapy:** Associating negative stimulus with unwanted behavior. **Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)** - **Developed by Aaron Beck.** - **Challenges distorted beliefs to change thought patterns.** - **Repetition of new thoughts builds new neural pathways in the brain.** **Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs** - **Emphasizes human potential and strengths.** - **Prioritizes nursing actions based on patient needs.** **Milieu Therapy** - **Creating a structured, safe environment for healing.** - **Models appropriate behavior and promotes autonomy.**