The Skeletal System Lecture Notes PDF

The Skeletal System (part 2) PSW 1022 Week 2 1 The Skeleton  Two main sections of the skeleton  Appendicular  Axial Skeleton Skeleton  Bones of the bony  Bones of your arms, thorax, spinal...

The Skeletal System (part 2) PSW 1022 Week 2 1 The Skeleton  Two main sections of the skeleton  Appendicular  Axial Skeleton Skeleton  Bones of the bony  Bones of your arms, thorax, spinal column, legs, hips, and hyoid bone, bones of shoulders and total the middle ear, and 126 bones skull; they protect the  Half of the bones in body organs and total your body are found in 80 bones the hands and feet. Week 2 2 The Human Skull  The skull protects and houses the brain and has the openings needed for our sensory organs such as the eyes, nose, and ears.  Fibrous connective tissue allows for some flexibility of the bones surrounding the brain. PSW 1022 Week 2 3 PSW 1022 Week 2 4 Bones of the skull. The Thorax  The bones of the chest form a thoracic cage that provides support and protection for the heart, lungs, and great blood vessels.  The cage is flexible due to cartilaginous connections that allow for movement during breathing. PSW 1022 Week 2 5 The Thorax  The Ribs  Attachedby cartilage to allow for their movement when we breathe.  True Ribs: Pairs 1 to 7 are called vertebrosternal because they connect anteriorly to the sternum and posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae  False ribs: Pairs 8 to 10 are called vertebrocostal, because they connect to the costal cartilage of the superior rib and to the thoracic vertebrae.  FloatingRibs: Pairs 11 and 12, with no anterior attachment. PSW 1022 Week 2 6  There are 12 Pairs of Ribs in Total!  7 pairs of TRUE RIBS: they connect to the sternum.  3 pairs of FALSE RIBS: they attach to costal cartilage which connects to the sternum.  2 pairs of FLOATING RIBS: they do NOT connect to the sternum PSW 1022 Week 2 7 The Spinal Column  The spinal or vertebral column protects the spinal cord, the superhighway for information traveling to and from the central nervous system.  The individual bones, or vertebrae, are numbered and classified according to the body region in which they are located. 7 cervical vertebrae  12 thoracic vertebrae  5 lumbar vertebrae 5 sacral vertebrae (mid-buttocks)  3 to 5 coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone). PSW 1022 Week 2 8 PSW 1022 Week 2 9 The spinal column. Upper and Lower Extremities  The appendicular skeleton (126 bones) is formed by the:  Pectoral girdles  Upper limbs  Pelvic girdle (or pelvis)  Lower limbs  Their functions are to make the body move and to protect the major organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction.  The arms and legs are of similar construction. PSW 1022 Week 2 10 PSW 1022 Week 2 11 Bones of the upper and lower extremities. Common Disorders  Arthritis  Arthr/ (= joint) + itis (=inflammation of) = inflammation of the joint  There can be many different causes for arthritis  Cartilage hardens with age and joints become less mobile  This can cause a lot of pain in the joint PSW 1022 Week 2 12 Common Disorders  Osteoporosis  Occurs more in women.  What are people with osteoporosis  With increasing age, bone more at risk for? starts to break down,  Fractures! Vertebral column, ribs, leaving it to be more porous. hip and wrist  Osteoclasts tear down the bone faster than the osteoblasts can form bone tissue. This leads to decreased bone mass.  There is a decrease in bone mass. PSW 1022 Week 2 13 Changes related to aging  Loss of bone density in MEN and Women  More prone to fractures  Develop postural changes  References  Wilk, M.J., Sorrentino, S. & Remmert, L.N.. (2022). Sorrentino's Canadian textbook for the Support Worker (5th Cdn ed.). Elsevier: Toronto ▪ Chapter 25 ▪ Chapter 32 PSW 1022 Week 2 15