The Psychology of Decision Making PDF

The Psychology of Decision Making HSP3U  Decision Time For each decision, speak with your elbow partner to discuss what you would do in each situation. Make sure to be able to explain why you and your partner made the decision you did! As a class, we will discuss what we would d...

The Psychology of Decision Making HSP3U  Decision Time For each decision, speak with your elbow partner to discuss what you would do in each situation. Make sure to be able to explain why you and your partner made the decision you did! As a class, we will discuss what we would do in each scenario  You are at a store and see a shirt that you like! You have been waiting for this shirt to be in stock for a couple of weeks, but you do not have enough money to buy it. Luckily, the security tag is not on the shirt. What do you do?  You are at the mall with your best friend. You go into your favorite store. Your best friend picks up a really cool shirt and quickly stuffs it in her book bag. She tells you that she does it all the time and has never gotten caught. You had been looking at the shirt for a couple of weeks. What do you do? You are at a friend’s house. His parents have gone out for the evening. Your buddy heads straight for the liquor cabinet. You never have drunk alcohol before and you know your parents disapprove of underage drinking. But your friend promises, “you can’t smell liquor on your breath.” What do you do?  You finally have a date with that hot guy/ girl that you have been checking out. However, your best friend calls you and tells you that he has an extra ticket to your favorite band’s concert. You have been waiting and hoping for this date for a long time. What do you do? After school some of your friends hang out at a nearby Circle K. You decide to go with them one afternoon because your mom was going to be late picking you up. Once you get there, a couple of your friends pull out a vape and start smoking. They offer you a puff. What do you do?  Table of contents Decision Making The Brain 01 What goes into decision making? 02 How the brain activates during decision making? Decision Making Decision Making and Age Strategies 03 How does decision making change with age? 04 How do we make decisions? 01 Decision Making What is decision making?  What Is Decision Making The average adult makes around 35 000 decisions a day! Decision making is a cognitive process that is examined through statistical analysis and experimental manipulation. Decisions are influenced by biases, reason, emotions, and memories.  02 The Brain and Decision Making How does the brain activate during decision making? What part of the brain? Decision making activates the frontal lobe. Specifically, the prefrontal cortex! Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DL-PFC) relays information from the short term memory, long term memory, and emotion centres (Hippocampus and Amygdala). These tasks means the DL-PFC helps judge the current situation while accessing information from past events. The Anterior Cingulate Cortex has a strong connection to the DL-PFC and the Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC). The ACC activates when no reward or a bad outcome occurs from a decision. The Orbitofrontal Cortex is active when anticipating rewards, but remains inactive if punishments are related to an action. This suggests the OFC is what helps us decide whether or not to do something or not do it. 03 Teenage Brain How does the Teenage Brain make decisions Teenagers and Decisions As the video explains, the prefrontal cortex is still undergoing construction during teenage years. This means that the connections between the Orbitofrontal Cortex, Dorsolateral Frontal Cortex, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Hippocampus, and Amygdala are still forming connections. This means that the teenage brain will make more use of the Amygdala to inform decisions. These decisions tend to be emotionally charged and impacted by temptation blindness (reward now). Peer Pressure and Decision Making Use the hyperlinked image to read the article “Why Adolescents Make Riskier Choices When With Their Peers” by Jutta Joormann. Answer the following questions: 1. According to Somerville et al. what is one reason for lower impulse control that characterizes adolescent behavior? 2. According to Galván, what is a reason for teens making riskier decisions? 3. What is the Stoplight task? How did teenagers perform on the test with peers present? Without peers present?  04 Decision Making Strategies How do we make decisions? Strategies for Decision Making The The Additive 01 Single-Feature Model 02 Feature Model The Elimination 03 by Aspects Model  The Single-Feature Model This approach involves hinging your decision solely on a single feature. For example, if you were buying a snack and you only had 5 dollars, you are basing your decision solely on the cost of the snack. What are some other examples where you would use the Single-Feature Method?  The Additive Feature Model This method involves taking into account all the important features of the possible choices and then systematically evaluating each option.  The Elimination by Aspects Model Evaluate each option one characteristic at a time beginning with whatever feature you believe is the most important.  Thanks! Do you have any questions? [email protected] | +91 620 421 838 | yourcompany.com CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Please keep this slide for attribution