The Nature of Chemistry (Revised) PDF

Chemistry The Study of the composition of matter, its properties, structure, the changes it undergoes and the energy involved in those changes Considered as practical science  Chemistry is called the  central science because it plays a role in almost all professions. It overlap...

Chemistry The Study of the composition of matter, its properties, structure, the changes it undergoes and the energy involved in those changes Considered as practical science  Chemistry is called the  central science because it plays a role in almost all professions. It overlaps with many other sciences. Analytical Chemistry  Studies the properties of chemical substances and the structure and composition of compounds and mixtures Applied Chemistry  Studies the practical use of the knowledge of chemical substances and processes Biochemistry  Concerned with chemical processes of living organisms Inorganic Chemistry Concerned with chemical  substances that do not contain carbon-carbon bonds Organic Chemistry Studies the chemical substances that contain carbon and hydrogen in combination with atoms like oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur Physical Chemistry  Interprets chemical processes in terms of physical properties of matter Polymer Chemistry  Studied plastics and other chainlike molecules which consists of many smaller molecules linked together Synthetic Chemistry Deals with chemical elements  and compounds to duplicate naturally occurring substances or to produce compounds that do not occur naturally Clinical Chemistry Biochemistry + Analytical Chemistry  Analysis of substances from living organisms Pharmaceutical Chemistry Biochemistry + Organic chemistry + Analytical Chemistry  Manufacturing/studying the composition and the effects of drugs. Let’s sum it up!!!! Altogether read the poem on page 5 of your textbook. Self-Check 1. Cite other areas of science to which chemistry is linked. Give examples other than the ones given during the discussion. 2. What are the five things about matter are studied in chemistry? 3. Enumerate at least 5 branches of chemistry. Define each. Explain “Concern for man and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors…in order that the creations of our mind shall be a blessing and not a curse to mankind. “ – Albert Einstein  Technology The application of science to improve the quality of human life Cloning  Dolly was a female domestic sheep remarkable in being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. She was cloned by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was born on July 5, 1996 and she lived until the age of six, and was dubbed "the world's most famous sheep" by Scientific American  Flumist FluMist is a needle-free flu vaccine — a gentle nasal mist delivered into the nose, where the flu virus usually enters the body. Just a quick spray in each nostril. Once administered by your healthcare provider, FluMist helps your body develop proteins called antibodies that help protect you from the flu.  NanoTechnology shortened to "Nanotech", is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with  structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from novel extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon molecular self assembly, to developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, even to speculation on whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale. Nanotechnology has the potential to create many new materials and devices with wide-ranging applications, such as in medicine, electronics, and energy production.. Julian Banzon  Made a research on fuels using coconut as a renewable source of chemicals and fuels His research was a breakthrough because our source of energy is crude oil. His research involved the use of gasonol, gastria, pure kerosene, and mixture of pure kerosene and crude oil as fuels. He also made a research about fuels from sugarcane and coconut produced ethyl alcohol. Dr. Modesto Chua  The executive director of PIPAC Professor emeritus at the Ateneo de Manila University Shared his expertise on organic synthesis and analytical chemistry Conrado S. Dayrit Famous pharmacologist and cardiologist, studied the healing effect of coconut oil. Dr. Bienvenido O. Juliano  Pioneered the researches on grain quality at the International Rice Research Institute With his expertise on organic chemistry contributed much to the development of good grains Manuel Dayrit  Former secretary of the  Department of Health, has been using virgin coconut oil on his patients with HIV The patients testified that the result of taking virgin coconut oil is very promising. Alfredo C. Santos  Alfredo C. Santos Father of Natural Products research Extracted alkaloids from Philippine plants Researched on the isolation of pheanthine, an alkaloid from kalimatas. Phaentharine is used to lower blood pressure and as pesticide for mosquitoes. Luz Oliveros-Belardo  Researched on essential oils from plant extracts Essential oil serve as source of medicine, fragrance for perfumes, food flavorings, organic compounds, and liquid fuels for energy Learned that tanglad leaves is diuretic and therefore can lower blood pressure Discovered an anti-cancer alkaloid in chichirica Research about extraction of petroleum-like products from apitong and pili trees Discovered a new organic compound called 2,4,5 trimethoxy styrene Anacleto Del Rosario  Was a leading pharmacist and chemist during Spanish Era. The Father of Laboratory Science in Philippines. Won the first prize in World’s Fain in Paris in 1881 Clara Y. Lim-Sylianco  Has done a lot of work on mutagens, antimutagens, and bio-organic mechanisms. Paulo Campos Built the first radioisotope laboratory in the Philippines. Specialist in nuclear medicine and the award -winning writer of over seventy-five scientific papers. Ramon Barba Used potassium nitrate to  stimulate flowering of mango trees Has research also on tissue culture of bananas, sugarcane, cassava and other crops Baldomero Olivera A chemist most famous for  discovery of many cone snail toxins important neuroscience. Lourdes Cruz Has helped develop conotoxins for the purpose  of biochemical probes for examining the activities of the human brain. Felix Maramba Built a coconut oil-fueled generator Developer of one of the world’s most profitable biogas system. Robert Boyle  First modern chemist Wrote the book “Sceptical Chymist.” Formulated Boyle’s Law. Antoine Lavoisier Considered as the father of  modern chemistry. Stated the first version of the law of conservation of mass. Wrote the first extensive list of elements. Amedeo Avogadro  Noted for his contribution to molecular theory Formulated the Avogadro’s Law Avogadro’s number 6.02 x 10 23 ins named after him.  Jons Jakob Berzelius Introduced the use of letter symbols to elements. Worked out modern technique in chemical formula notation Discovered the law of constant proportions Michael Faraday Used electricity to decompose chemical compounds. Formulated the laws of  electrolysis. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen Inventor of the Bunsen burner Pioneered spectroscopy to discover elements  Co-discoverer of cesium and rubidium Julius Lothar Meyer Had an early version of periodic table containing 28 elements classified into 6 families according to their valence. Alfred Bernhard Nobel The inventor of dynamite Founded the Nobel Prize honoring outstanding  achievement in physics, chemistry, medicine, and works for peace Marie Sklodowska Curie Was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity The first person honored  with two Nobel Prize The first female professor in the University of Paris  Careers in Chemistry Chemist Chemical Engineers Laboratory Technicians  Scientific Journalism Illustrator/Artist Nutritionist/Dietician Forensics Agriculture Forestry  Home economics Dentistry Veterinarian Physical Therapist Medical Technologist (now known as clinical scientist) Chemistry Teacher Photographer Pharmacist Psychologist X-ray Technologist