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Transportation - Is the process of making movement of people from one place to another using primitive and simple to modern and complex means of transportation. - This may include automobiles, buses, trains, ships and airplanes. Outbound Tour Operators - Tour operators that work...

Transportation - Is the process of making movement of people from one place to another using primitive and simple to modern and complex means of transportation. - This may include automobiles, buses, trains, ships and airplanes. Outbound Tour Operators - Tour operators that work within a country to take travelers to other countries Food and Beverages - The food and beverage sector begun from simple origins: as people travelled from their homes, going about their business, they often had a need of desire to eat or drink - People always look for food and drinks everywhere hotel, restaurant, shopping malls, and as there is increase in personal and social events such as birthday parties, business meetings, and increase in population, large number of people visit establishment who caters food services often. Lodging - Means accommodation for a period or a place to sleep for overnight or long-term services to people. - May also include accommodation of customers looking for other activities such as entertainment (casino hotels) or for recreational activities (resort hotel). Recreation - is any activity that people do for rest, relation, and enjoyment to make them free from the demands of work and duty Home-based leisure - Are activities that can be done without leaving your home but in the comforts of your home. - Includes playing and listening to music, watching televisions, arts and crafts, gardening, online gaming, reading and board games.  Travel Agency - Can be small and privately owned entity and is a business that operates as the intermediary between the travel, tourism and hospitality industry (supplier) and the traveler (purchaser). - Can assemble products and services into prepackaged travel tours (bundles of related travel services offered to potential travelers at a single price). Amenities - Are extra facilities that can add attractiveness, accessibility and accommodation for the tourists. - This may include room service, hot tub and spa and so on. Hospitality - The word hospitality is derived from the Latin word “hospes” which means guest. - In the friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers and providing them food, beverages, lodging and abode. Tourism - Defining tourism is not easy as its definition varies source by source, person and country by country. - Because of the complexity and multidimensionality of tourism, individualism of the travelers themselves and the activities that they demand, tourism therefore has no universally accepted definition. - Attempts have been made to formulate a standard definition throughout the world. Guest Perspective - This is perspective wherein as people who serve and give products must achieved the expectations of their guests- receive good hospitality making customers or the guest feel comfortable and well served. Empire Era - Beginning with the Egyptians, including the Greeks and stretching unit the eventual form the Roman Empire. - They travelled for various reasons: commercial, educational, governmental and religious purposes. - During their empire (500 BC – 300 AD), good roads were developed and water routes improved. - Inns were opened, around 30 miles apart from each other – a relatively easy day’s journey in between, so you always had a place to rest at night. Renaissance Era - Throughout the Middle Ages (5-14th centuries AD) travel – and by extension tourism – was pretty much nonexistent. - Transportation was fragmented; so was language and currency. - People were keen to experience different civilizations. - Merchants – like Marco Polo – started to travel far and wide after the failed crusades. Polo’s travels in particular (1295-1295 AD) were reported on, and people started to become more interested in travelling again. - Trade routes also started to reopen. Commercial activity grew, and people continued to venture out of their own towns and territories. - The first real tourist, according to historians, was Cyriacus of Ancona. Grand Tour Era - Starting with the most wealthy in society, people travelled to learn. - Those who were ‘coming of age’ would travel throughout Europe to see art, architecture, science and more in countries other than their own. - Generally, the most visited places were France, Switzerland, Germany and Italy. -. People would travel by carriage and be accompanied by someone older to take care of them. - Travel was now for business and leisure, but with less free time trips were shorted.  - The tourism industry had to develop rapidly to ensure they could meet the newfound needs of potential customers. Modern Era - George Westinghouse introduced the idea of paid leave from work, with a firm belief that allowing staff paid time off would be beneficial to productivity levels overall. - And as World War II came to an end in the 1940s, those who had been forced to travel during the war where keen to replicate this experience in a more positive way - With gas/petrol no longer rationed, economies growing and cars once again being mass-produced, people travelled around in their cars – this was especially true in America, where the motel business really took off. - Hotels and motels took to the franchising model of business expansion, and jet travel was properly introduced in the 1950s, becoming popular throughout the 1960s. - So people had time, they had money – travel was safe and accessible. Mobility Era - Was defined by an increase in travel to new locations both near and far. - With new roads, passenger trains, stagecoaches and sailing ships becoming more common, tourism continued to grow. - Cars and air travel were introduced next; with Henry Ford’s mass production for the Model T (1914), individuals had more freedom to travel. - This meant the time it took to travel long distance was much shorter, and thus people were more mobile. Inns - a shelter by the road where travelers can stop to take rest and get some food. - In the early 1800s, “Inns” were the only lodging facility available for the tourists. A lot of Inns were established prior 19th century. Tremont Hotel - An American architect Isaiah Rogers designed and constructed the first luxury hotel. - Boston, Massachusetts - It was the first hotel with private attached bathroom and lock on the doors. -. It used a steam-powered pump to lift up water to the storage tank on the roof. - Had set a benchmark for the luxurious hotels in those days. Kemmon Wilson - started Holiday Inn series of hotels and inns. - Once Kemmon Wilson had gone for a holiday to Washington DC with his family. He had to pay extra for his five children in all the hotels they stayed in. - Kemmon found the accommodations very expensive and uncomfortable for families. So, he decided to start his own hotel. Thomas Cook - He was the first to introduce a tour package – travel and accommodation, with food often included too. - In 1841 he arranged for a tour of around 570 people to travel from Loughborough to Leicester. For a shilling the journey included food and entertainment. Influence on Life Supporting Assets - The four key resources that are essential for human survival: land, water, biodiversity, and food and energy sources. - These resources can be endangered by excessive use from tourism, which can lead to deprivation of ethnic resources and disturbance to social organizations. - The long-lasting consequences of tourism on environmental modification and the impact of accommodation and alleviation actions on travel configurations are also discussed. Its Connectivity - Tourism can have a significant impact on the economy, as it involves a wide range of products and services that tourists spend money on. - Those whose income is supported by tourism also contribute to the overall economic value. - One unique aspect of tourism is that it connects consumers (tourists) with producers (local communities). This interaction can provide both tangible and intangible benefits to underprivileged societies. - Overall, tourism has the potential to alleviate poverty in these communities by creating new opportunities for economic growth and development. Cultural Exchange - Business of tourism accommodates social interchange tourist bring over several ethnic perceptions of other states wherever they visit. - Native individuals can pick up their linguistic, skill, talent, values etc and vice versa. Hall and Lew - If an area attracts 100 surplus tourists each spending $100 per day for a 100-day period, the area will collect a million dollars in fresh sales. Weak Linkages to the Poor - The essence of tourism asset and absence of commitment of the poor can grounds considerable tourism costs to escape away from poor destinations. - The revenue that remnants may not end up promoting the poor, reaching as an alternative and improved educated and affluent sections of civilization. Global Tourism - Advent to developing market and emerging states corresponded to 459 million. - It is the first or second cause of export incomes in 20 of the world’s 48 minimum industrialized states. In particular emerging countries, particularly small island countries, tourism can justify for over 25% of GDP.