Textile Technology PDF

# Textile Technology Fibres and fabrics deal with the study of the natural and manmade fibres and the processes involved in the production of fibre and filaments to fabrics. This involves the investigation of natural and manufactured fibres, such as physical and chemical properties, testing, fabric...

# Textile Technology Fibres and fabrics deal with the study of the natural and manmade fibres and the processes involved in the production of fibre and filaments to fabrics. This involves the investigation of natural and manufactured fibres, such as physical and chemical properties, testing, fabric construction and fabric finishes. Students will be able to understand the performance and properties of fibres and fabrics and make their choice in choosing the appropriate fabrics for the construction of certain selected textile items ## What are fibres? Fibres are the fundamental building blocks of fabrics and textiles. They can be natural or synthetic. Here are some examples: * **Natural fibers:** Cotton, Silk, Wool, Hemp, Jute, Flax/Linen, Cashmere, Mohair, Alpaca, Angora, Ramie, and Coconut. * **Manmade fibers:** Polyester, Nylon, Rayon, Acrylic, Spandex/Lycra, Olefin/Polypropylene, Modal Tencel/Lyocell, Viscose, Bamboo Rayon, Carbon Fiber, and Aramid/Kevlar ## Natural Fibres The document contains images of different natural fibres: * Cotton * Coir * Hemp * Jute * Flax ## What does fabric mean? Fabric is a material that has been woven or non-woven (knitted, tufted, knotted, or bound together). An assortment of textile fabrics is used in the fashion industry to create various designs and uses for products. Different products are made with certain fabrics and materials to serve their intended purpose best. # Lesson Plan: Fibres and Fabrics (40 Minutes) ## Objective: By the end of this lesson students will: * understand the types of fibres (natural and synthetic), the process of fabric-making, and the properties of different fabrics. * They will also be able to answer questions related to these concepts. ## Lesson Outline ### 1. Introduction to Fibres and Fabrics (5 minutes) **Teacher's Explanation:** * **Define fibres:** thin, thread-like structures that can be woven to form fabric. * **Define fabrics:** materials produced by weaving or knitting long fibres together. * **Introduce the two main types of fibres:** * **Natural fibres:** obtained from plants and animals (e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen). * **Synthetic fibres:** man-made fibres from chemicals (e.g., polyester, nylon, acrylic). **Questions (Quick Recap):** * What are fibres? * Can you name the two main types of fibres? ### 2. Natural Fibres (10 minutes) **Teacher's Explanation:** * **Plant-based fibres:** * **Cotton:** obtained from the cotton plant, soft, breathable, and used in clothing. * **Linen:** made from flax, strong and durable, used for clothes, tablecloths, etc. * **Animal-based fibres:** * **Wool:** from sheep, keeps warmth, often used in winter clothing. * **Silk:** from silkworms, soft, shiny, luxurious fabric often used in high-end clothing. **Show samples of natural fibres (if available).** **Questions:** * Can you give an example of a plant-based fibre? * What are the two main types of animal-based fibres, and from which animals are they obtained? ### 3. Synthetic Fibres (10 minutes) **Teacher's Explanation:** * **Polyester:** a strong, durable fabric made from petroleum, often used in sportswear and everyday clothing. * **Nylon:** lightweight, strong, used in stockings, sportswear, and ropes. * **Acrylic:** used as a substitute for wool, soft and lightweight, commonly used in sweaters and blankets. **Comparison:** * **Advantages of Synthetic Fibres:** Strong, durable, and less expensive than natural fibres. * **Disadvantages:** Not as breathable as natural fibres, may feel less comfortable. **Questions:** * Name one synthetic fibre and a product it's used for. * What is one advantage and one disadvantage of synthetic fibres? ### 4. Fabric Production Process (5 minutes) **Teacher's Explanation:** * Briefly explain how fibres are spun into yarn, which is then woven or knitted to make fabric. * **Weaving:** yarns are interlaced to form fabric (e.g., for shirts, pants). * **Knitting:** yarns are looped together to create stretchy fabric (e.g., for sweaters). **Questions:** * How are fibres transformed into fabric? * What's the difference between weaving and knitting? ### 5. Properties of Fabrics (5 minutes) **Teacher's Explanation:** * Discuss key properties of fabrics that influence their use: * **Breathability:** Allows air to pass through (cotton is more breathable than polyester). * **Water absorption:** Natural fibres like cotton absorb more water, while synthetic fibres repel water. * **Durability:** Synthetic fibres are generally more durable than natural fibres. **Questions:** * Which type of fibre is more breathable, natural or synthetic? * Why might polyester be preferred for outdoor wear? ### 6. Review and Summary (5 minutes) **Teacher's Recap:** * Natural fibres come from plants and animals, synthetic fibres are man-made. * The process of making fabric involves spinning fibres into yarn and weaving/knitting. * Different fabrics have various properties that make them suitable for different uses. **Wrap-up Questions (Encourage discussion):** * What type of fabric would you choose for summer clothing and why? * Which fabric do you think is better for sportswear? Explain your answer. ## Homework/Follow-up Activity * Ask students to bring a sample of a fabric (e.g., from old clothes) and identify whether it is natural or synthetic based on today's lesson. This lesson encourages both active learning and critical thinking about the uses and properties of different fibres and fabrics.