Quiz Answers PDF

## Quiz #1 – Pressurization, Heating and Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 1. Name the sources of pneumatic pressure used for air-conditioning of aircraft cabins. - Roots Air Blowers (Piston and small turbine engines) - Engine Compressor Bleed Air 2. Which pressure of pneumatics is normally...

## Quiz #1 – Pressurization, Heating and Ventilating and Air-Conditioning 1. Name the sources of pneumatic pressure used for air-conditioning of aircraft cabins. - Roots Air Blowers (Piston and small turbine engines) - Engine Compressor Bleed Air 2. Which pressure of pneumatics is normally used for ATA 21? (Low/medium/high) - Medium Pressure. It is commonly cooled by a heat exchanger. 3. What is the most common source of pneumatic pressure for ATA 21? - Engine Bleed Air at a medium pressure. 4. The temperature of the bleed air controlled to approximately what temperature? - 400F. It is cooled through a heat exchanger and is modulated by a pressure regulating shut off valve. The medium the heat exchanger uses is Ram Air. 5. Is the pneumatic air pressure controlled? - Yes it is. It is controlled by some type of a pressure modulating valve. 6. How is the temperature of the bleed air controlled? - Bleed air temperature is controlled by porting more or less of the hot air through a heat exchanger. 7. What is the purpose of A Gasper air system? - Gasper air system's primary purpose is to recirculate the cabin air. 8. What components does a gasper fan system consist of? - A manifold, a fan and its own distribution ducting system to individual air outlets. This is to provide: cabin ventilation, an increase (or boost pressure) from the packs at low flow/high demand settings (on the ground) and to help distribute airflow through the cabin. ## Quiz #2 – Pressurization and Oxygen 1. What is the primary reason for pressurizing an aircraft cabin? - To allow passengers to breathe without the use of supplemental oxygen. 2. What is the source of cabin pressurization? - Compressor bleed air to the air conditioning pack. - Roots air blower on smaller turboprop aircraft 3. What is the major controlling component of the pressurization system? - The outflow valve 4. Explain the term “Cabin Differential" - Cabin differential is the pressure ratio between the inside of the aircraft vs. the outside of the aircraft. As the aircraft climbs, the outside pressure decreases and the inside pressure stays at a constant 9PSI differential pressure. 5. Explain the term “Cabin Altitude” - Cabin altitude is what the inside of the cabin's atmospheric pressure as the aircraft rises through the atmosphere. The outside altitude may be 35,000 but the inside of the aircraft will be pressurized to roughly 8,000 feet. 6. Approximately what cabin altitude do most modern aircraft operate at? - 8000ft. This is an approximate as every aircraft differs. 7. What is the purpose of a cabin safety valve? - The cabin safety valve opens to relieve cabin pressure from exceeding the maximum cabin differential pressure. 8. Doors and hatches in a pressurized cabin are generally what type? - Plug-Type and sealed 9. What are the two basic pressurization systems called? - Positive pressure (large aircraft) and Ram pressure (Beechcraft Bonanza, Baron etc.) 10. What are the three different tests that can be carried out to troubleshoot a pressurization snag? - Cabin pressure dynamic check (pressurizing the aircraft), cabin pressure decay test (pressurize the aircraft and then shut off the pressurization system. You time the “leak rate”), Operational test of the outflow valve. 11. Why at altitudes greater than approximately 14,000 feet above sea level do humans require supplemental breathing oxygen? - The pressure of the air's oxygen content is insufficient 12. Is aviators Aviator's breathing oxygen in gas form the same as commercial and hospital oxygen? Explain - It is. The moisture content is less than that of medical or commercial oxygen. 13. What happens when a gaseous oxygen system is deployed - Masks drop and an electric solenoid opens a gas valve which supplies oxygen to the passengers. Pilots use a different system. They can either mix the air with the oxygen or they can supply 100% oxygen (usually used in an emergency). 14. What opens the compartment door? - Solenoid striker switch. It is actuated manually by a switch in the cockpit or automatically through a switch that will automatically deploy the masks between 14,000-16,000 feet of cabin altitude. The aircraft normally flies at 8,000 feet cabin altitude. 15. What happens when a chemical oxygen system is deployed? - Door opens and the masks drop down. When the passenger grabs the mask and pulls it towards them, it activates a chemical reaction in a canister called the oxygen generator. The chemical reaction within the generator creates pure oxygen. It lasts for approximately 15 minutes. ## Quiz #3: Ice and Rain Protection 1. At what temperatures can a carburetor ice up? - -18C to +28C (Yes, 28 degrees Celsius) with 60% humidity. 2. How is frost formed on an aircraft? 2 ways - Temp of the air drops at night below freezing and moisture is present. The second is the wing surfaces contains sub-zero temperature fuel within it and the aircraft lands at a destination with warm moist air. 3. How is Rime ice formed? - Ice that is caused by super cooled droplets collinding with the leading edges of the aircraft and freeze. 4. How is glazed ice formed? - Usually caused by freezing rain or drizzle. Its super cooled water which lands on the aircraft skin and immediately freezes. The ice is transparent. 5. Which type of ice is hardest to remove? - Clear ice. It can accumulate very fast in the highest concentrations of supercooled water. It is very heavy and hard to see. 6. What is the icing concern with a helicopter? - Inlet icing, loss of lift, rotor vibration. 7. What is the biggest concern of icing on an aircraft wing? - Loss of lift. ## Quiz #4: Fire Protection 1. What elements are required for fire to occur? - Oxygen, heat and fuel. 2. What do we classify fires by? - The materials fueling the fire. 3. What are some of the changes that have been made to aircraft as a result of accidents? - Use of fire blocking and fire resistant materials, clear marking of emergency exits and floor path lighting, changes in wiring materials and installations. 4. What is the primary danger and cause of fire during refueling? - Static electricity! 5. Fire involving avgas or turbine fuel would be classified as a class ___ fire. - Class B Fire. 6. What Precautions must be taken when refueling an aircraft? - Proper grounding and bonding of the aircraft, as well as properly grounding and bonding the fueling truck 7. Extinguishing a fire is accomplished by? - Removing the oxygen, cooling the fire below its ignition point or removing the flammable material. 8. What type of fire could a water fire extinguisher be used on? - Wood and Paper 9. You had a magnesium wheel on fire. What class of fire extinguishing agent would you use on it? - Class D fire extinguisher 10. Halon numbers (eg “1301”) of a halon type fire extinguisher represent what?: - The number of atoms of each of the elements in the compound 11. Halon fire extinguishers contain freon and their use are being phased out because? - It affects the earth's ozone layer. 12. What type of fires are CO2 fire extinguishers most effective on? - Class B and C fires. 13. Class D fires involving can be extinguished using? - A dry chemical fire extinguisher 14. What determines the classification of fire zones on an aircraft? - How much airflow through the compartment. ## Quiz #5: Water and Waste 1. Explain the ways that potable water system lines get pressure? (Several) - Electric compressor for use on the ground - Ground provisions for ground air supply - Engine compressor bleed air - Pre-servicing with nitrogen before flight. 2. How do you fill the potable water tank? - Connect a hose from a potable water source. The hose is a quick-disconnect type hose. 3. How do you drain the system? - Either dump the tank on the ground or set up a dumping station (into large drums, water basin or sewer). The dumping stations are more ideal for winter operations as water tends to freeze on the airport ramp. 4. A washroom tap will not stop flowing. Do you have to MEL the potable water system? - No. You can shut water off to the tap only. 5. What reasons would you drain a potable water tank for? - Sanitization. Tests. Aircraft Storage. 6. Where are the components of an above floor toilet located? - Everything is above the floor! (Like a port-a-potty) 7. How do you dump an above the floor toilet? - There is a valve for every bathroom that is accessed outside of the aircraft. You can hook up a lavatory servicing truck and remove the contents of the toilet. 8. How does an above the floor toilet flush? - Circulates treated water. 9. How is an above the floor toilet serviced? - Externally by either a lavatory truck, or internally by dumping water and some sanitization packs (which alleviate smell and bacterial growth). 10. Explain how a vacuum toilet flushes. - On the ground, when the user pushes the flush button, a vacuum blower turns on and decreases the pressure in the pipes from the toilet to the main toilet tank. Once the pressure drops to a certain point, a valve will open and the toilet contents will get sucked into the main tank. The valve closes and the vacuum blower shuts off. - In the air, the vacuum blower does not turn on. The aircraft uses differential pressure. The inside of the aircraft is pressurized to around 8000ft cabin altitude. The toilet valve will open and the cabin differential (roughly 11 PSI inside vs 4 PSI outside the aircraft) will push the toilet contents into the main toilet tank. 11. Where does the waste go? - Into a magic bucket. It does not go overboard. 12. How does it get emptied? - On the ground only. There is no way to dump it in flight. 13. How does it achieve the vacuum? How is it controlled? - On the ground, each toilet system has its own vacuum source. Once the aircraft is above 14,000 ft, it used cabin differential pressure to operate.